← Departments
Physics
The laws that cannot be broken — and the ones we thought could not.
Who is Who in this Department ☞
Converse with
J. Robert Oppenheimer Simulacrum
Manhattan Project · Quantum field theory · Institute for Advanced Study · Now I am become Death
20th century
Ancient & Classical Natural Philosophy
Converse with
Democritus of Abdera Simulacrum
Atoms & Void · Materialism · Ethics · The Laughing Philosopher
5th–4th century BC
Converse with
Aristotle (Nature & Soul) Simulacrum
Physics · De Anima · History of Animals · Generation · Parts
4th century BC
Converse with
Epicurus Simulacrum
Pleasure · Ataraxia · Friendship · Materialism
4th–3rd century BC
Converse with
Archimedes of Syracuse Simulacrum
Hydrostatics · Method of Exhaustion · Pi · Lever · War Machines · The Sand-Reckoner
3rd century BCE
Converse with
Hero of Alexandria Simulacrum
Pneumatics · Aeolipile · Automata · Surveying · The First Steam Device
fl. c. 60 CE
Converse with
Ibn Sahl Simulacrum
Optics · refraction · the law of sines · burning mirrors
10th century
Converse with
Ibn al-Haytham / Alhazen Simulacrum
Optics · Kitab al-Manazir · The Camera Obscura · Experimental Method · Vision as Intromission
10th century
The Scientific Revolution
Converse with
Galileo Galilei Simulacrum
Mechanics · telescope · mathematical method
16th–17th century
Converse with
Johannes Kepler Simulacrum
Planetary Motion · Three Laws · Harmonices Mundi · Celestial Mechanics
16th–17th century
Converse with
Robert Boyle Simulacrum
Experimental Chemistry · Gas Laws · The Sceptical Chymist
17th century
Converse with
Christiaan Huygens Simulacrum
Wave theory of light · pendulum clock · Saturn's rings
17th century
Converse with
Robert Hooke Simulacrum
Micrographia · The Cell · Hooke’s Law · The Compound Microscope · Invisible College
17th–18th century
Converse with
Isaac Newton Simulacrum
Principia · universal gravitation · calculus · optics
17th–18th century
Converse with
John Dalton Simulacrum
Atomic Theory · Elements · Combining Proportions
19th century
Electromagnetism
Converse with
Charles-Augustin de Coulomb Simulacrum
Electrostatic force · Coulomb's law · torsion balance
18th century
Converse with
André-Marie Ampère Simulacrum
Electrodynamics · Ampère's law · the relationship between electricity and magnetism
18th–19th century
Converse with
Georg Simon Ohm Simulacrum
Electrical resistance · Ohm's law · circuit theory
19th century
Converse with
Michael Faraday Simulacrum
Electromagnetism · field theory · experimental mastery
19th century
Converse with
Christian Doppler Simulacrum
Doppler effect · wave frequency · relative motion
19th century
Converse with
James Clerk Maxwell Simulacrum
Electromagnetism · Field Theory · Light
19th century
Converse with
Wilhelm Röntgen Simulacrum
X-rays · Nobel Prize in Physics 1901 · Seeing through matter
19th–20th century
Converse with
Nikola Tesla Simulacrum
Electromagnetism · Energy · Invention
19th–20th century
Thermodynamics & Statistical Mechanics
Converse with
Amedeo Avogadro Simulacrum
Avogadro's law · molecular hypothesis · the mole
18th–19th century
Converse with
Sadi Carnot Simulacrum
Thermodynamic cycles · Carnot engine · limits of heat engines
18th–19th century
Converse with
Rudolf Clausius Simulacrum
Entropy · the second law · irreversibility
19th century
Converse with
James Prescott Joule Simulacrum
Mechanical equivalent of heat · conservation of energy · electrical heating
19th century
Converse with
Hermann von Helmholtz Simulacrum
Conservation of energy · thermodynamics · physiological optics · acoustics
19th century
Converse with
Lord Kelvin Simulacrum
Absolute temperature · thermodynamics · age of the Earth
19th–20th century
Converse with
Ludwig Boltzmann Simulacrum
Statistical mechanics · entropy · the atomic hypothesis
19th–20th century
The Quantum Revolution
Converse with
Dmitri Mendeleev Simulacrum
Periodic Table · Elemental Order · Prediction
19th century
Converse with
Max Planck Simulacrum
Quantum hypothesis · blackbody radiation · the birth of quantum theory
19th–20th century
Converse with
Niels Bohr Simulacrum
Quantum Mechanics · Atomic Structure · Philosophy
19th–20th century
Converse with
Erwin Schrödinger Simulacrum
Quantum mechanics · wave equation · biology of life
20th century
Converse with
Wolfgang Pauli Simulacrum
Quantum Mechanics · Exclusion · Structure
19th–20th century
Converse with
Werner Heisenberg Simulacrum
Quantum Mechanics · Uncertainty · Matrix
20th century
Converse with
Paul Dirac Simulacrum
The Dirac equation · antimatter · mathematical beauty
20th century
Converse with
John von Neumann Simulacrum
Game Theory · Architecture · Physics
20th century
Converse with
Kurt Gödel Simulacrum
Logic · Incompleteness · Formal Systems
20th century
Converse with
Hans Bethe Simulacrum
Nuclear Physics · Stellar Nucleosynthesis · Manhattan Project Theoretical Division · Nobel 1967
20th century
Converse with
Richard Feynman Simulacrum
Quantum Electrodynamics · Paths · Teaching
20th century
Radioactivity & Nuclear Physics
Converse with
Marie Curie Simulacrum
Radioactivity · nuclear physics · pioneer
19th–20th century
Converse with
Ernest Rutherford Simulacrum
Nuclear atom · gold foil experiment · proton · radioactive decay
19th–20th century
Converse with
Lise Meitner Simulacrum
Nuclear fission · radioactivity · unseen pioneer
20th century
Converse with
James Chadwick Simulacrum
Neutron · Nuclear Physics · Manhattan Project UK Delegation · Nobel 1935
20th century
Converse with
Arthur Compton Simulacrum
Compton Effect · Chicago Metallurgical Laboratory · Manhattan Project · Nobel 1927
20th century
Converse with
Leslie Groves Simulacrum
Project Management · Manhattan Project · Secrecy
19th–20th century
Converse with
Leó Szilárd Simulacrum
Nuclear Chain Reaction · Einstein–Szilárd Letter · Atomic Bomb · Franck Report · Disarmament
20th century
Converse with
Enrico Fermi Simulacrum
Nuclear Physics · Estimation · Experiment
20th century
Converse with
Edward Teller Simulacrum
Fusion Ignition · Hydrogen Bomb · Source Physics · Controversial Legacy
20th century
Converse with
Stanislaw Ulam Simulacrum
Monte Carlo Method · Staging Mathematics · Teller-Ulam · Nuclear Pulse Propulsion
20th century
Converse with
Bernard Brodie Simulacrum
Nuclear Strategy · Deterrence · The Absolute Weapon · Averting War
20th century
Relativity & Cosmology
Converse with
Albert Einstein Simulacrum
Relativity · Quantum Theory · Thought Experiments
19th–20th century
Converse with
Stephen Hawking Simulacrum
Cosmology · Black Holes · Radiation
20th–21st century