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Phunziro 2

Zilembo zolendewera pamzere

M'phunziro ili uphunzira kulemba alifabeti yosavuta ya zilembo zosindikizidwa. Yapangidwira aliyense amene amavutika kulamulira cholembera. Ili ndi vuto lofala, ndipo njira yolithetsera ndi kuchita zosiyana kotheratu ndi zimene zimaphunzitsidwa kawirikawiri.

Ophunzira akamaphunzira kulemba, nthawi zonse amaphunzitsidwa kukhazika zilembo zawo pamzere, kotero kuti zilembozo zimakwera m'mwamba kuchokera pamzerewo. Zotsatira zake n'zakuti amavutika kwambiri kulamulira mbali za pamwamba za zilembo zawo.

Pano ife timachita zosiyana ndi zimenezo. Zilembo zathu timazipachika pamzere.

Ganizira kuti mzerewo ndi chingwe choyanikapo zovala, ndipo chilembo chilichonse chagwiridwa pamenepo ndi zokanikizira zovala (mapegi). Pamwamba pa chilembo chilichonse pamakhudza mzere, ndipo chilembocho chimalendewera pansi kuchokera pamenepo, monga momwe malaya amalendewera pachingwe choyanikapo zovala.

Zilembo zikamalendewera pamzere, zolemba zimaoneka zofanana nthawi zonse. Maso ako amakopeka ndi mzere, choncho zilibe kanthu kwenikweni ngati mbali za pansi za zilembo sizili zotalika mofanana. Limodzi mwa mavuto akuluakulu a kalembedwe ka pamanja, kuti zonse zikhale mofanana pamzere, limachoka.

Alifabeti iyi ndi mtundu wosavuta kwambiri wa kalembedwe ka Chancery. Kalembedwe ka Chancery kankagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba pamanja ku England m'nthawi ya Mfumu Henry VIII ndi Mfumukazi Elizabeth I. Ndi kalembedwe kokhala ndi ngodya zambiri: kamapangidwa makamaka ndi mizere yowongoka, yokhala ndi mizere yokhota yochepa kwambiri, ndipo mzere wowongoka ndi wosavuta kwambiri kuti dzanja liulamulire kuposa mzere wokhota. N'chifukwa chake timaphunzitsa Chancery choyamba, tisanaphunzitse zilembo zosindikizidwa kapena kalembedwe ka zilembo zozungulira. Ndinakonzera alifabeti iyi wophunzira wanga wina amene sankatha kulamulira mizere yokhota.

Chilembo chilichonse m'phunziro ili chikhoza kupangidwa ndi mizere yowongoka yokha. Ngati ukhoza kupanga mizere yokhota, ukhoza kukhotetsa ngodya zina. Ngati sungathe kutero pakali pano, mizere yowongoka ndi yokwanira: chilembo chako chidzaoneka chosakongola pang'ono, koma chidzakhalabe chomveka bwino, ndipo sichingakhale chilembo china chilichonse. Pambuyo pake, ukayamba kudzidalira kwambiri, ukhoza kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito mzere wokhota.

Mawu kwa aphunzitsi. Ngati wophunzira akuvutika kumvetsa kuti zilembo zimalendewera, jambula zokanikizira zovala ziwiri pamwamba pa chilembo, ngati kuti chakanikizidwa pamzere. Ukhozanso kujambula tisheti yaing'ono yolendewera pamzere, ndi zokanikizira zake. Pamenepo wophunzirayo adzamvetsa kuti chilembo chimalendewera pamzere, monga momwe malaya amalendewera.

Onera phunziro ili pavidiyo (m'Chingerezi): Zilembo zolendewera pamzere

Alifabeti yolendewera. Chilembo chilichonse chimakhudza mzere pamwamba pake ndipo chimalendewera pansi kuchokera pamenepo.

Chilembo a

Chilembo a, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatana ndi mndandanda woti ulembe pamwamba pa timadontho

Kumbukira: chilembo chimayambira pamzere ndipo chimalendewera pansi kuchokera pamenepo.

  1. Pita mopingasa, chonchi, kenako tsika pansi, chonchi.
  2. Kenako, kuti upange chilembo a, chimene ukufunika kuchita ndi ichi: kweza cholembera chako, bwerera, ndipo panga mzere wokhota umene umatsika pansi kenako n'kukwera kukakumana ndi ngodya yolunjika ija pansi.

Ndiye chimenechi ndi chilembo a chathu. Ngati ukufunadi, ukhoza kuchipatsa chongo chaching'ono pansi pake, ndipo ukhoza kuchikongoletsa kwambiri ngati ukufuna, koma chimenechi ndi chilembo a chosavuta kwambiri.

Kodi mbali za pansi zili zofanana? Ukalemba mndandanda wa zilembo a, jambula mzere ndi rula pansi pake, motsatira mbali za pansi. Ndi zilembo ziti zimene sizikufika pamzerewo? Ndi ziti zimene zikudutsa? Lembanso mndandandawo ndipo dzikonze wekha.

Chilembo b

Chilembo b, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatana ndi mndandanda woti ulembe pamwamba pa timadontho

Choyamba lemba chilembo a. Chidzakhala choyezera kuzama, kukusonyeza kumene mzere wautali wa b uyenera kutsikira.

  1. Koka mzere woyimirira chilili. Umayambira pamwamba pa mzere, patali pang'ono, ndipo umatsika mpaka pansi pa chilembo a.
  2. Kenako koka kamzere kakang'ono kotulukira kumanja.
  3. Kenako lumikiza kamzere kameneko ndi mzere wokhota mpaka pansi pa mzere wautali woyimirira chilili.

Ndiye chimenechi ndi chilembo b.

Pambuyo pake ukhoza kuika rula pansi pa chilembo a, kuti uone kumene chilembo b chikutsikira. Mwina sizidzakhala bwino maulendo angapo oyamba. Zilibe kanthu, chifukwa zilembo zathu tikuzipachika pamzere, monga zovala pachingwe choyanikapo zovala. Pambuyo pake tidzakonza mbali ya pansi, kuti zonse zikhale zokongola ndi zofanana. Poyamba, timaika mtima pa maonekedwe enieni a zilembo.

Chilembo c

Chilembo c, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatana ndi mndandanda woti ulembe pamwamba pa timadontho

Tisanalembe chilembo c, tilemba kaye chilembo a, chifukwa chidzatiuza zambiri za kutalika komwe chilembo c chimatsikira pansi pa mzere. Choncho lemba chilembo a chako.

  1. Pafupi ndi chilembo a, koka kamzere kakang'ono kopingasa, kuyambira kumanja kupita kumanzere, kenako tsika pansi. Choncho upanga ngodya yolunjika, yakuthwa, kumanzere.
  2. Kenako usunthira cholembera chako kutsogolo, ngati kamzere kakang'ono kokhota pansi, monga ukuonera pachithunzi.

Ndipo umu ndi mmene umapezera chilembo c chako.

Poyamba, ine ndikanakulangiza kuti upange kamzere kokhota kaja pokoka padera. Ukamapita patsogolo, ukhoza kuchita zonse pokoka kamodzi, osakweza cholembera chako.

Chilembo d

Chilembo d, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatana ndi mndandanda woti ulembe pamwamba pa timadontho

Nachi chilembo d. Kwenikweni chilembo d n'chofanana ndi chilembo a, kupatula kuti mzere wa kumanja ndi wautali kwambiri. Koma timachipanga mosiyana pang'ono.

Tisanayambe, timalemba chilembo a, kuti tiyese kutalika komwe mzere ukutsikira pansi pa mzere umene tikupachikapo chilembo, monga zovala pachingwe choyanikapo zovala.

  1. Choyamba, timakoka mzere wautali woyimirira chilili, kutsika pansi.
  2. Kenako umakweza cholembera chako ndipo umakoka mzere wopita kumanzere. Kenako umautsitsa mokhotera pansi n'kukhudza pansi pa mzere woyimirira chilili.

Ndipo umu ndi mmene umapezera chilembo d.

Chenjezo laling'ono lokhudza mizere yokwera m'mwamba ndi mizere yotsika pansi. Mizere yokwera ili ngati maroketi oulukira m'mwamba, ndipo mizere yotsika ili ngati sitima zoyenda pansi pa madzi, zolowa pansi pa nyanja. Mzere wako wokwera uyenera kukhala wautali osachepera kutalika kwa chilembo chili pansi pake, ndipo ukhoza kukhala wautali kuposa pamenepo ngati ukufuna. Koma usakhale waufupi, chifukwa ukatero chilembocho chikhoza kuganiziridwa kuti ndi chilembo a ngati wina akuwerenga mofulumira, ndipo sufuna kuti chilembo d chako chisokonezeke ndi chilembo a.

Cholondola ndi cholakwika: mzere wautali wa d uyenera kukhala wosachepera kutalika kwa chilembo, apo ayi chimaoneka ngati chilembo a

Chilembo e

Chilembo e, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatana ndi mndandanda woti ulembe pamwamba pa timadontho

Chilembo chathu chotsatira ndi chilembo e. Choyamba, timalemba chilembo a. Kenako, pafupi ndi chilembo a, lemba chilembo c. Udzaona kuti chilembo e chikufanana kwambiri ndi chilembo c, ndipo zoonadi, timachilemba chimodzimodzi.

  1. Timakoka mzere wopingasa, kuyambira kumanja kupita kumanzere, kenako timatsika pansi. Choncho timapanga ngodya yolunjika.
  2. Kenako timapanga chongo, kapena mzere wokhota pang'ono, pansi, chimodzimodzi monga tinachitira popanga chilembo c.
  3. Kenako umakweza cholembera chako, ndipo pakati pa mzere woyimirira chilili, umakoka mzere wolumikiza umene ukukwera mopendeka n'kukhudza kumapeto kwa mzere wa pamwamba.

Ndipo tsopano uli ndi chilembo e.

Pokoka kawiri. Ngati ukufuna, ukhoza kuchita izi pokoka kawiri. Umayambira pamwamba kumanja. Umakoka cholembera chako mopingasa kupita kumanzere. Umatsika pansi, kenako umapanga chongo chokhota pansi. Kenako umakweza cholembera chako, ndipo umakoka mzere wolumikiza wopendeka.

Chilembo f

Chilembo f, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatana ndi mndandanda woti ulembe pamwamba pa timadontho

Chilembo chathu chotsatira ndi chilembo f. Tsopano, chilembo ichi chimavuta anthu ambiri amene akungoyamba kumene, chifukwa chimakwera m'mwamba kwambiri, ngati roketi, ndipo chimatsika pansi kwambiri, ngati sitima yoyenda pansi pa madzi. Choncho zimene timachita ndi izi.

Choyamba, umalemba chilembo a. Chidzakuthandiza kudziwa kutalika komwe uyenera kuyambira m'mwamba, chifukwa chilembo ichi timachiyambira pamwamba. Chimapangidwa ndi mizere iwiri.

  1. Choyamba, umakoka kamzere kakang'ono, kopendeka pang'ono, kenako umakoka mzere wowongoka kutsika pansi mpaka pamzere, kenako umatsikanso kuzama komweko pansi pa mzere, kenako umakoka kamzere kakang'ono kopita kumanzere. Choncho chimaoneka ngati mzere wautali kwambiri, wokhala ndi kamzere kakang'ono kopita kumanja pamwamba ndi kamzere kakang'ono kopita kumanzere pansi.
  2. Kenako umapeza chingwe choyanikapo zovala, monga momwe ndizichitchulira, mzere umene timapachikapo zilembo, ndipo umakoka kamzere kakang'ono kopingasa pamenepo.

Ndipo chimenecho ndi chilembo f.

Ngati ukufuna, ukhoza kukhotetsa pang'ono pamwamba ndi pansi, kuti chisakhale chakuthwa kwambiri. Choncho chimakhala ngati chilembo s chachitali kwambiri. Zimenezonso n'zotheka.

Chilembo g

Chilembo g, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatana ndi mndandanda woti ulembe pamwamba pa timadontho

Tsopano tafika pa chilembo g. Chilembo g chimapangidwa ndi chilembo a chophatikizidwa ndi mbali ya pansi ya chilembo f.

Ndipo timachita motere. Choyamba, timalemba chilembo a, chifukwa chimatithandiza kudziwa kutalika komwe gawo la sitima yoyenda pansi pa madzi la chilembo g liyenera kutsikira pansi pa mzere.

  1. Choncho timayamba motere. Timakoka mzere wopingasa, kenako timatsika pansi molunjika. Timatsitsa sitima yathu yoyenda pansi pa madzi mpaka pansi pa nyanja, kenako timakhotetsa mzere pang'ono kulowera kumanzere pansi pake.
  2. Kenako timakweza cholembera chathu ndipo timapita kumapeto kwa mzere wopingasa, ndipo timapanga maonekedwe omwewo amene tinapanga popanga chilembo a, ndiko kuti: timatsika pansi, timapanga mzere wokhota pang'ono, timakwera, ndipo timakumana ndi mzere umene tinakoka poyamba.

Ukayang'ana chilembo a ndi chilembo g, mbali ya pamwamba ya g iyenera kuoneka ngati chilembo a chako.

Chilembo h

Chilembo h, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatana ndi mndandanda woti ulembe pamwamba pa timadontho

Chilembo chotsatira ndi chilembo h, chimene chimapangidwa mofanana kwambiri ndi chilembo b. Choyamba, timalemba chilembo a, ndipo chimatithandiza kudziwa kutalika komwe chilembo chathu chiyenera kutsikira pansi pa mzere.

  1. Kenako timakoka mzere woyimirira chilili. Mzere umenewu, ndithudi, umayambira m'mwamba kwambiri, osachepera kutalika kwa chilembo a pamwamba pa mzere. Ndipo timautsitsa mpaka pansi pa chilembo a, pamalo omwewo pamene pali chilembo a.
  2. Kenako timakoka kamzere kakang'ono kopingasa kuchokera pakati, pachingwe choyanikapo zovala, kenako timakatsitsa mokhota pang'ono. Koma sitikhudza, ayi ndithu, mzere woyimirira chilili.

Ukakhudza mzere woyimirira chilili, kapena ukauyandikira kwambiri, chimaoneka ngati b, ndipo sitikufuna kuti chilembo h chathu chioneke ngati b. Choncho payenera kukhala mpata pansi. Kumeneku ndiko kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa h ndi b.

Cholondola ndi cholakwika: chilembo h chimasiya mpata pansi; mzere wokhota ukakhudza mzere wautali, chimaoneka ngati b

Chilembo i

Chilembo i, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatana ndi mndandanda woti ulembe pamwamba pa timadontho

Chilembo chathu chotsatira ndi chilembo i, chimene ndi chosavuta kuposa zonse. Ndi kamzere kakang'ono chabe. Timayambira pachingwe choyanikapo zovala, timatsika pansi, ndipo timatsika mpaka kutalika kwa chilembo a basi. Choncho choyamba, timalemba chilembo a.

  1. Kenako, pafupi ndi chilembo a, timakoka kamzere kakang'ono kowongoka.
  2. Ndipo timaikapo kadontho, kapena kamzere kakang'ono, ngati ukufuna, koloza kutsogolo.

Ndipo chimenecho ndi chilembo i.

Koma usajambule bwalo pamwamba pake. Zimenezo zimaoneka zoseketsa. Choncho mwina kadontho, kapena chongo chaching'ono kwambiri monga ndajambulira ine.

Chilembo j

Chilembo j, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatana ndi mndandanda woti ulembe pamwamba pa timadontho

Chilembo chathu chotsatira ndi chilembo j, chimene chimaoneka chosavuta, koma kwenikweni chimavuta pang'ono chifukwa chimatsika pansi ngati sitima yoyenda pansi pa madzi. Choyamba, lemba chilembo a chako.

  1. Kenako yamba kulemba chilembo i, kuyambira pachingwe choyanikapo zovala ndi kutsika pansi. Tsika kupitirira chilembo a ndipo pitiriza kutsika, osachepera kutalika kwa chilembo a, mozama kwambiri, ndipo ukhotetse pang'ono pansi kulowera kumanzere.
  2. Kenako ikapo kadontho kapena kamzere kakang'ono.

Ndipo chimenecho ndi chilembo j.

Koma usajambule bwalo pamwamba pake, chifukwa zimenezo zimaoneka zopusa.

Kwenikweni chilembo j ndi chilembo i chachitali. Ndipo m'chinenero cha Chilatini, chimangotchedwa choncho, chilembo i chachitali.

Chilembo k

Chilembo k, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatana ndi mndandanda woti ulembe pamwamba pa timadontho

Chilembo k chili ndi mzere wautali woyimirira chilili, monga chilembo h chimene tinachita kale. Choncho timayamba ngati kuti tikulemba chilembo h.

  1. Timatsika pansi molunjika.
  2. Kenako timapita mopingasa, monga tinachitira ndi chilembo h. Mizere iwiri yoyamba ndi yofanana, koma ulendo uno, kuchokera kumapeto kwa mzere wopingasa umene uli pachingwe choyanikapo zovala, timatsitsa mzere n'kukhudza mzere woyimirira chilili, ndipo timapanga makona atatu.
  3. Kenako timakweza cholembera chathu ndipo, penapake potsika pa mzere umenewo, timakoka mzere wina wopendekera kutsogolo.

Ukhozanso kuchita izi pokoka kawiri. Umatsika pansi molunjika, kenako umapita mopingasa, umatsitsa mzere wako, umakhudza mzere woyimirira chilili, kenako umautulutsanso kumanja osakweza cholembera chako. Zimenezo sizioneka bwino ngati pamene utsika pansi, upita mopingasa, ubweretsa mzere mkati, upanga ngodya yako yaing'ono, imene sikhudza kwenikweni pansi pa mzere woyimirira chilili, zindikira zimenezo, kenako ukweza cholembera chako ndipo ukoka kamzere kakang'ono kopita kumanja.

Choncho chili ngati chilembo chachikulu R, koma chilembo chachikulu R chili ndi mbendera pamwamba pake, yoloza kumwamba.

Chilembo l

Chilembo l, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatana ndi mndandanda woti ulembe pamwamba pa timadontho

Tsopano tili ndi chilembo l. Choyamba, timalemba chilembo a. Chilembo l ndi chilembo chimene ukhoza kuchipanga chachifupi kwambiri mwangozi, ndipo pamenepo chimaoneka ngati chilembo i. Choncho uyenera kukumbukira kuti chilembo ichi chimakwera m'mwamba ngati roketi.

  1. Choncho timayambira pamwamba pa mzere, osachepera kutalika kwa chilembo a pamwamba pa mzere, ndipo timatsika pansi molunjika mpaka tifike pansi pa chilembo a.

Basi, ndi zokhazo. Chimenecho ndi chilembo l.

Koma chinsinsi chachikulu ndi kuonetsetsa kuti ndi chachitali mokwanira, chifukwa chimene chimachitika kwa ophunzira anga ambiri n'chakuti amachipanga chachifupi kwambiri, ndipo pamenepo chimaoneka ngati chilembo i.

Cholondola ndi cholakwika: chilembo l chimakwera ngati roketi; chikakhala chachifupi kwambiri, chimaoneka ngati chilembo i

Chilembo n

Chilembo n, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatana ndi mndandanda woti ulembe pamwamba pa timadontho

Tsopano, chilembo n. Tichilemba chilembochi chilembo m chisanafike, mosatsata ndondomeko ya alifabeti. Choncho lemba chilembo a, kenako pambali pake lemba chilembo i. Kenako pafupi ndi pamwamba pa chilembo i, khotetsa mzere, kenako tsika pansi ndipo lemba chilembo i china. Chilembochi chili choncho basi. Ndi zilembo i ziwiri zoyandikana, ndipo zalumikizidwa ndi mzere wokhota.

  1. Choncho lemba chilembo i choyamba,
  2. kenako kweza cholembera chako, ndipo khotetsa mzere pang'ono, ngati kuti ukulemba chilembo r, kenako ingopitiriza ndipo tsika pansi.

Njira imodzi yoganizira chilembochi ndi yakuti chikufanana ndi chilembo h. Chimangosowa gawo lake lalitali lokwera kumwamba.

Tsopano, ngati mzere wokhotawo ukukuvuta, ndiye ndikukulangiza kuti uchite izi. Lemba chilembo i, kenako pafupi ndi pamwamba pa chilembo i, ingolemba mzere wopendeka pang'ono kwambiri, kenako tsika pansi. Choncho chilembo n chako chimakhala ndi ngodya, osati chozungulira kwambiri, koma njira zonse ziwiri zili bwino.

Njira ziwiri zolembera chilembo n: chozungulira, kapena cha ngodya ndi mzere wopendeka pang'ono; zonse ziwiri zili bwino

Chilembo m

Chilembo m, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatana ndi mndandanda woti ulembe pamwamba pa timadontho

Tsopano tili ndi chilembo m. Timayamba ndi chilembo a chathu monga mwa nthawi zonse,

  1. (mizere 1 ndi 2) kenako pambali pake, timalemba chilembo n chimene tangochita kumene.
  2. (mzere 3) Kenako timakweza cholembera chathu ndipo timalumikizapo chilembo n china.

Kwenikweni, chilembo m ndi chilembo n chowirikiza. Timalemba chilembo n chathu, timakweza cholembera chathu, ndipo timalemba china cholumikizana nacho pomwepo. Sizovuta, ndi zophweka kwambiri.

Chilembo o

Chilembo o, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatana ndi mndandanda woti ulembe pamwamba pa timadontho

Chilembo o ndicho chovuta kwambiri mwa zilembo zonse. Akuti wojambula zithunzi Raphael anajambula mabwalo masauzande ambiri pofuna kujambula bwalo limodzi lopanda cholakwika. Ife sitichita zimenezo. Tichilemba m'njira yosavuta.

  1. Choncho, kuyambira pachingwe choyanikapo zovala, timalemba bulaketi, ndiye kuti mzere wokhota ngati umene umagwiritsa ntchito m'maphunziro a masamu. Timalemba bulaketi yakunja,
  2. kenako timakweza cholembera chathu, ndipo timalemba bulaketi ya mbali inayo.

Ndipo mabulaketi awiriwa, akakhudzana, amapanga kaonekedwe ka chilembo o. Tsopano chilembo o chimenechi ndi chachitali ndi chopyapyala ndithu. Ndi chachitali mofanana ndi chilembo a chathu.

Tikhoza kukhotetsa bulaketiyo pang'ono kuposa pamenepo, ndipo zimenezo zitipatsa chilembo o chozungulira pang'ono kuposa poyamba. Kapena, ngati ukumva kulimba mtima, ukhoza kuyambira pamzere ndi kujambula bwalo kutsika mpaka pansi ndi kulibwezera pamene unayambira.

Ngati zimenezo zikuvuta kwambiri, ndiye chimene uchite ndi kulemba bulaketi yosongoka. Choncho umatsika pansi ndipo umalemba daimondi, ndiye kuti kaonekedwe kokhala ndi ngodya zinayi. Choncho m'malo mojambula bwalo, umasandutsa chilembo o chako kukhala daimondi. Ndipo ukudziwa kale kujambula kaonekedwe ka daimondi.

Njira zolembera chilembo o: mabulaketi awiri, chokhota kwambiri, bwalo, kapena daimondi

Chilembo p

Chilembo p, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatana ndi mndandanda woti ulembe pamwamba pa timadontho

Chilembo chotsatira ndi chilembo p. Chilembochi chikufanana kwambiri ndi chilembo b, kupatula kuti m'malo moti mzere wake ukhale pamwamba pa chingwe choyanikapo zovala, uli pansi pake.

  1. Choncho timayambira pachingwe choyanikapo zovala, kapena pamwamba pake pang'ono chabe, ndipo timatsika kuzama kwa chilembo a, kenako timatsikanso kuzama kwina kofanana nako. Choncho chimatsika pansi kuwirikiza kawiri kuzama kwa chilembo a.
  2. Kenako timakweza cholembera chathu, ndipo timalemba mzere wopingasa pachingwe choyanikapo zovala, kenako timautsitsa ndi mzere wokhota kuti ukhudze mzere woyimirira chilili pamalo omwewo pamene pansi pa chilembo a pakanakhala.

Choncho chilembochi chili chimodzimodzi ngati b, kupatula kuti chili ndi mzere wopita pansi m'malo mwa mzere wopita m'mwamba.

Kumbukira, mzere wopita pansiwo uyenera kutsika patali ndithu.

Chilembo q

Chilembo q, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatana ndi mndandanda woti ulembe pamwamba pa timadontho

Chilembo chotsatira ndi chilembo q, chimene ndi mtundu wina wa chilembo a. Chikufanana kwambiri ndi chilembo a. Choncho timalemba chilembo a chathu, kenako pambali pake timachita izi.

  1. Timalemba mzere wopingasa, kenako timatsika pansi, monga momwe tikanachitira polemba chilembo a, koma timapitiriza kutsika, mpaka kuzama kwina kofanana nako, kenako timalemba kamzere kakang'ono koloza kutsogolo ngati chongo.
  2. Kenako timakweza cholembera chathu, ndipo timapita kumapeto kwa mzere wopingasa pachingwe choyanikapo zovala, ndipo timalemba mzere wotseka monga momwe tikanachitira ndi chilembo a.

Choncho chilembo q chikufanana kwambiri ndi chilembo a. Chimangokhala ndi mzere wautali wopita pansi, wokhala ndi chongo choloza kutsogolo pansi pake.

Chilembo r

Chilembo r, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatana ndi mndandanda woti ulembe pamwamba pa timadontho

Chilembo chotsatira ndi chilembo r. Choyamba timalemba chilembo a chathu.

  1. Kenako timalemba chilembo i, koma timayambira pamwamba pang'ono pa mzere, osati m'mwamba kwambiri, pang'ono chabe. Ndipo timalemba chilembo i.
  2. Kenako timakweza cholembera chathu, ndipo ngati kuti tikuyamba kulemba chilembo n, timayamba mzere wokhota wa chilembo n, koma sitipita mpaka kumapeto. Timaima.

Choncho chili ngati gawo lapamwamba la chilembo n, chopanda mzere wachiwiri wa chilembo n umene umatsika pansi ngati chilembo i chachiwiri. Ndipo chimenecho ndi chilembo r.

Chilembo s

Chilembo s, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatana ndi mndandanda woti ulembe pamwamba pa timadontho

Chilembo chotsatira ndi chilembo s. Kutalika kwake kumafanana ndi kwa chilembo a. Gawo lovuta kwambiri ndi lakuti uyenera kulamulira cholembera chako kuti ulembe mizere yokhota iwiri.

  1. Choncho yambira pamwamba, pamzere, ndipo lemba mzere wa zigizagi. Ndiye kuti umatsika pansi, kenako umadutsa kumbali, kenako umatsikanso pansi.

Mzere umenewu ukhoza kukhota pang'ono, ngati kaonekedwe kenikeni ka chilembo s.

Kapena ngati mizere yokhota ikukuvuta, ukhoza kuchilemba kuti chifanane kwambiri ndi kaonekedwe ka zigizagi. Ndiye kuti chimenecho ndi chilembo s.

Njira ziwiri zolembera chilembo s: chokhota, kapena ngati zigizagi

Chilembo t

Chilembo t, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatana ndi mndandanda woti ulembe pamwamba pa timadontho

Chilembo t ndi chilembo chimene uyenera kuchiyang'anitsitsa, ngakhale kuti ndi chosavuta kwambiri, chifukwa ndi chilembo chachitali ndithu, koma sichitalika ngati l.

  1. Choncho timayambira pamwamba pa mzere, osati m'mwamba kwambiri ngati momwe tikanachitira ndi l, ndipo timatsika pansi mpaka kuzama kwa chilembo a, kenako timalemba chongo choloza kutsogolo pansi pake.
  2. Kenako timabwerera, ndipo pachingwe choyanikapo zovala timadutsa t ndi mzere wopingasa.

Choncho ona kuti chilembo t chili ndi kagawo kotulukira m'mwamba pamwamba pa mzere wopingasawo, ndipo kagawoko kakhoza kutulukira m'mwamba patali ndithu.

Ngati kagawo kotulukira m'mwambako kulibe, ndipo ukuwerenga mofulumira, chilembochi chikhoza kuoneka ngati c, ndipo zimenezo sukuzifuna. Ndicho chifukwa chake uyenera kukhala ndi mzere wotulukira m'mwamba pamwamba, kuti pamene ukuwerenga mofulumira, usachiganizire kuti ndi chilembo c.

Cholondola ndi cholakwika: chilembo t chili ndi kagawo kotulukira m'mwamba pamwamba pa mzere wopingasa; popanda kagawoko, chimaoneka ngati c

Chilembo u

Chilembo u, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatana ndi mndandanda woti ulembe pamwamba pa timadontho

Chilembo u chimatsatira bwino ndithu pambuyo pa chilembo t.

  1. Choncho yambira pamzere, tsika pansi mpaka kuzama kofanana ndi kwa chilembo a, kenako lemba chongo choloza kutsogolo.
  2. Kenako kweza cholembera chako, ndipo lemba mzere wina ngati chilembo i, ndipo chilembo i chimenecho chiyenera kukhudza kumapeto kwa chongo.

Kapena ngati ukufuna, ukhoza kuchita mosinthana. Ukhoza kuyamba ndi chilembo i chimene chili kumanja, kenako ukhoza kulemba mzere wakumanzere, kutsika pansi ndi kukweranso m'mwamba ndi chongo chokhudza chilembo i chija.

Njira ziwiri zolembera chilembo u: yambira kumanzere ndi chongo, kapena yambira kumanja ndi chilembo i

Choncho ukhoza kuchilemba m'njira imodzi mwa njira ziwiri. Ukhoza kuyambira kumanzere, kapena ukhoza kuyambira kumanja. Zili ndi iwe.

Choncho ukachiyang'anitsitsa, chili ngati chilembo a chopanda gawo lake lapamwamba, ndipo ndi zimene chilidi.

Chilembo v

Chilembo v, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatana ndi mndandanda woti ulembe pamwamba pa timadontho

Chilembo chotsatira ndi chilembo v, ndipo timachilemba pokoka kamodzi.

  1. Timayambira pamzere, timatsika mopendeka, kenako timakweranso m'mwamba mpaka kukhudza mzere, ndipo timapanga ngodya yosongoka imeneyi, imene ndi chilembo v.

Ndi chilembo chosavuta kwambiri.

Chilembo w

Chilembo w, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatana ndi mndandanda woti ulembe pamwamba pa timadontho

Chilembo chathu chotsatira ndi chilembo w, chimenenso ndi chilembo chosavuta. Timayamba ndi chilembo a,

  1. kenako pambali pake, timalemba chilembo v, chimene tangochita kumene. Ndipo ukafika pamwamba pa v, tsika pansi ndipo lemba china pambali pake pomwepo.

Choncho ndi chilembo v chimodzi chotsatiridwa ndi chilembo v china, ndipo sukweza cholembera chako.

Ngati ukufuna, ukhoza kukweza cholembera chako. Lemba chilembo v choyamba, kenako lemba chilembo v chotsatira pambali pake.

Chilembo x

Chilembo x, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatana ndi mndandanda woti ulembe pamwamba pa timadontho

Chilembo chotsatira ndi chilembo x.

  1. Timayambira pamzere kumbali yakumanja, ndipo timakoka mzere wopendeka kutsika pansi kulowera kumanzere.
  2. Kenako timakweza cholembera chathu ndi kupita kumanzere, pamwamba pa pamene mzere winawo wathera, timayambira pamenepo ndi kukoka mzere wina wopendeka kutsika pansi kuti mizereyo idutsane pakati, ndipo timapanga chizindikiro cha mtanda kapena x.

Kupendeka kumeneku kusakhale kotsetsereka kwambiri, ndiponso kusakhale kogona kwambiri.

Chilembo y

Chilembo y, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatana ndi mndandanda woti ulembe pamwamba pa timadontho

Chotsatira ndi chilembo y. Tsopano, ichi chili ngati mtundu wina wa v, koma chili ndi mzere wautali wopendeka wotsika ngati sitima yoyenda pansi pa madzi.

  1. Timayamba ndi mzere wautali wopendeka wa chilembo y, poyambira kumbali yakumanja, ndipo timatsitsa mzere wopendeka umene umapita pansi pa chilembo a mpaka kuzama kofanana ndi kutalika kwa chilembo a. Usakhale wotsetsereka kwambiri, koma usakhalenso woyimirira chilili. Choncho umapendekera kumanzere.
  2. Kenako timakweza cholembera chathu, timapita kuchingwe choyanikapo zovala, ndipo timalemba mzere wotsika umene ukhudza mzere wopendeka uja pafupi ndi pamene pansi pa chilembo a pakanakhala.

Choncho chimaoneka ngati chilembo v chokhala ndi mchira wautali wolowera kumanzere.

Chilembo z

Chilembo z, cholendewera pamzere, ndi mizere yake motsatana ndi mndandanda woti ulembe pamwamba pa timadontho

Chilembo chathu chotsatira ndi chilembo z, kapena kuti zed, monga momwe ena amachitchulira. Ichi ndi chosavuta ndithu.

  1. Timayambira kumbali yakumanzere. Timalemba mzere wopingasa pamzere, kenako timatsika mopendeka mpaka kuzama kwa chilembo a, kenako timalemba mzere wopingasa pansi.

Ndipo chimenecho ndi chilembo z chathu.

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Kuphunzira Kulemba — Gawo Loyamba: Kalembedwe ka Italiki Kosavuta · Evan Millner · Published by Abecedaria Press