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Isifundo 2

Oonobumba Abajinga Emgceni

Kwesi sifundo uya kufunda ukubhala ialfabhethi elula yoonobumba bokushicilela. Yenzelwe nabani na onengxaki yokulawula usiba. Le yingxaki eqhelekileyo, kwaye isisombululo sayo kukwenza okuchaseneyo noko kufundiswa qho.

Xa abafundi befunda ukubhala, bahlala befundiswa ukuhlalisa oonobumba babo phezu komgca, ukuze oonobumba banyuke ukusuka kuwo. Oko kubangela ukuba babe nengxaki enkulu yokulawula iinxalenye ezingaphezulu zoonobumba babo.

Apha senza okuchaseneyo. Sixhoma oonobumba bethu emgceni, bajinge kuwo.

Khawucinge ukuba umgca yintambo yokuxhoma iimpahla, kwaye unobumba ngamnye ubanjwe kuyo ngeepegi zempahla. Inxalenye engaphezulu yonobumba ngamnye ichukumisa umgca, kwaye unobumba ujinga ezantsi ukusuka kuwo, kanye njengehempe ejinga entanjeni yokuxhoma iimpahla.

Xa oonobumba bejinga emgceni, umbhalo uhlala ubonakala ulingana. Iliso lakho litsalwa ngumgca, ngoko akubalulekanga kangako ukuba iinxalenye ezingezantsi zoonobumba azilingani ngobude. Enye yezona ngxaki zinkulu zokubhala ngesandla, ukulungelelanisa yonke into ibe semgceni, iyasuswa.

Le alfabhethi luhlobo olwenziwe lula kakhulu lombhalo weChancery. IChancery yayisetyenziselwa ukubhala ngesandla eNgilani ngexesha likaHenry VIII nelikaElizabeth I. Ngumbhalo oneekona ezininzi ezibukhali: wenziwe ikakhulu ngemigca ethe ngqo, onamagophe ambalwa kakhulu, kwaye umgca othe ngqo kulula kakhulu ukuba isandla siwulawule kunegophe. Yiyo loo nto sifundisa iChancery kuqala, phambi koonobumba bokushicilela okanye umbhalo ongqukuva (roundhand). Le alfabhethi ndayiyilela umfundi wam owayengakwazi ukulawula amagophe.

Wonke unobumba kwesi sifundo unokwenziwa ngemigca ethe ngqo kuphela. Ukuba uyakwazi ukwenza amagophe, ungazigoba ezinye iikona. Ukuba akukakwazi, imigca ethe ngqo yanele: unobumba wakho uya kubonakala erhabaxa kancinci, kodwa uya kuhlala ecacile, kwaye akanakuba ngomnye unobumba. Kamva, njengoko uzithemba ngakumbi, ungongeza igophe.

Inqaku kootitshala. Ukuba umfundi kunzima kuye ukuqonda ukuba oonobumba bayajinga, zoba iipegi zempahla ezimbini phezu konobumba, ngokungathi uxhonywe emgceni. Ungade uzobe nehempe encinci (T-shirt) ejinga emgceni, kunye neepegi zayo. Ngoko umfundi uya kuqonda ukuba unobumba ujinga emgceni, kanye njengehempe.

Bukela esi sifundo kwividiyo (ngesiNgesi): Oonobumba abajinga emgceni

Ialfabhethi ejingayo. Wonke unobumba uchukumisa umgca phezulu aze ajinge ezantsi ukusuka kuwo.

Unobumba a

Unobumba a, ejinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana, kunye noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Khumbula: unobumba uqala emgceni aze ajinge ezantsi ukusuka kuwo.

  1. Nqumla, ngolu hlobo, uze wehle, ngolo hlobo.
  2. Emva koko, ukuze wenze unobumba a, ekuphela kwento ekufuneka uyenze yile: phakamisa usiba lwakho, ubuyele umva, uze wenze imilo egobileyo eyehlayo ize inyuke idibane ne-engile ethe ngqo ezantsi.

Ngoko lowo ngunobumba a wethu. Ukuba uyafuna nyhani, ungamenzela uphawu oluncinci ezantsi, kwaye umhombise ngakumbi ukuba uyafuna, kodwa lowo ngunobumba a olula kakhulu.

Ingaba iinxalenye ezingezantsi ziyalingana? Xa ugqibile ukubhala uluhlu loonobumba a, zoba umgca ngerula ngaphantsi kwabo, ulandela iinxalenye zabo ezingezantsi. Ngabaphi abangafikiyo emgceni? Ngabaphi abawugqithayo? Phinda ubhale uluhlu uze uzilungise.

Unobumba b

Unobumba b, ejinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana, kunye noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Kuqala zoba unobumba a. Uya kukunika isilinganiso sobunzulu, ukuze wazi ukuba umgca omde ka-b kufuneka wehle ude ufike phi.

  1. Zoba umgca ome nkqo. Uqala phezulu ngaphezu komgca, uze wehle ude ufike apho unobumba a aphela khona ezantsi.
  2. Emva koko zoba umgca omncinci ophumela ngasekunene.
  3. Emva koko, ngegophe, dibanisa loo mgca nesiphelo esingezantsi somgca omde ome nkqo.

Ngoko lowo ngu-b.

Emva koko ungabeka irula ngaphantsi konobumba a, ujonge ukuba u-b wehla ukuya kufika phi. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba akuyi kulunga amaxesha ambalwa okuqala. Akunamsebenzi, kuba sixhoma oonobumba bethu emgceni, njengeempahla entanjeni yokuxhoma iimpahla. Emva koko siya kulungisa iinxalenye ezingezantsi, ukuze yonke into ilingane kakuhle. Ekuqaleni, sigxila kwiimilo ezisisiseko.

Unobumba c

Unobumba c, ejinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana, kunye noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Phambi kokuba sizobe unobumba c, siza kuzoba unobumba a, kuba uza kusixelela lukhulu malunga nokuba u-c wehla ukuya kufika phi ngaphantsi komgca. Ngoko zoba unobumba a wakho.

  1. Ecaleni konobumba a, zoba umgca omncinci olele, uqala ngasekunene usiya ngasekhohlo, uze wehle. Ngoko wenza i-engile ethe ngqo, enekona ebukhali ngasekhohlo.
  2. Emva koko uqhubela usiba lwakho phambili ngohlobo lwegophe elincinci ezantsi, njengoko unokubona emfanekisweni.

Kwaye oku kukunika unobumba c wakho.

Ekuqaleni, ndingakucebisa ukuba wenze igophe elincinci ngomzobo owahlukileyo wosiba lwakho. Njengoko uphucuka, ungakwenza konke ngomzobo omnye, ungaphakamisi usiba lwakho.

Unobumba d

Unobumba d, ejinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana, kunye noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Apha sinonobumba d. Eneneni, unobumba d uyafana nonobumba a, ngaphandle kokuba umgca osekunene mde kakhulu. Kodwa simenza ngendlela eyahluke kancinci.

Phambi kokuba siqale, senza unobumba a, ukuze sikwazi ukuqikelela ukuba umgca wehla ukuya kufika phi ngaphantsi komgca esixhoma kuwo unobumba, njengeempahla entanjeni yokuxhoma iimpahla.

  1. Kuqala, sizoba umgca omde ome nkqo, sisehla.
  2. Emva koko uphakamisa usiba lwakho, uze wenze umgca oya ngasekhohlo. Emva koko uwehlisa ngegophe uze uchukumise isiphelo esingezantsi somgca ome nkqo.

Kwaye oko kukunika unobumba d.

Isilumkiso malunga nemigca enyukayo nemigca ehlayo. Imigca enyukayo ifana neerokhethi ezinyukela phezulu, kwaye imigca ehlayo ifana neenkwili ezihamba phantsi kolwandle. Umgca wakho onyukayo kufuneka ubuncinane ulingane nobude bonobumba ongaphantsi kwawo, kwaye ungaba mde ngakumbi ukuba uyafuna. Kodwa akufuneki ube mfutshane, kuba ngoko unokuthathwa njengonobumba a ukuba ubufunda ngokukhawuleza, kwaye akufuni ukuba u-d wakho athathwe njengonobumba a.

Okulungileyo nokungalunganga: umgca omde ka-d kufuneka ubuncinane ulingane nobude bonobumba, kungenjalo u-d ufana nonobumba a

Unobumba e

Unobumba e, ejinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana, kunye noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Unobumba wethu olandelayo ngunobumba e. Kuqala, sizoba unobumba a. Emva koko, ecaleni konobumba a, zoba unobumba c. Uya kuqaphela ukuba unobumba e ufana kakhulu nonobumba c, kwaye ngenene, simenza ngendlela efanayo.

  1. Sizoba umgca olele, siqala ngasekunene siya ngasekhohlo, size sehle. Ngoko senza i-engile ethe ngqo.
  2. Emva koko senza uphawu oluncinci, okanye umgca ogobe kancinci, ezantsi, kanye ngendlela esenze ngayo xa besisenza u-c.
  3. Emva koko uphakamisa usiba lwakho, uze, embindini womgca ome nkqo, uzobe umgca odibanisayo othambeka unyuke uze uchukumise isiphelo somgca ongaphezulu.

Ngoko ke unonobumba e.

Ngemizobo emibini. Ukuba uyafuna, ungakwenza oku ngemizobo emibini yosiba. Uqala phezulu ngasekunene. Utsala usiba lwakho uye ngasekhohlo. Wehla, uze wenze uphawu oluncinci olugobileyo ezantsi. Emva koko uphakamisa usiba lwakho, uze uzobe umgca odibanisayo othambekileyo.

Unobumba f

Unobumba f, ejinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana, kunye noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Unobumba wethu olandelayo ngunobumba f. Ngoku, lo nobumba unika iingxaki uninzi lwabaqalayo, kuba unyuka kakhulu, njengerokhethi, kwaye wehla kakhulu, njengenkwili. Ngoko nantsi into esiyenzayo.

Kuqala, wenza unobumba a. Oku kuya kukunika umbono wokuba kufuneka uqale phezulu kangakanani, kuba lo nobumba simqala phezulu. Wenziwa ngemigca emibini.

  1. Kuqala, wenza umgca omncinci, othambeke kancinci, uze wehle ngqo ude ufike emgceni, uze uqhubeke wehla kwakhona ubunzulu obulinganayo ngaphantsi, uze wenze umgca omncinci oya ngasekhohlo. Ngoko ufana nomgca omde kakhulu, onomgca omncinci oya ngasekunene phezulu, nomgca omncinci oya ngasekhohlo ezantsi.
  2. Emva koko ufumana intambo yokuxhoma iimpahla, njengoko ndiza kuyibiza, umgca esixhoma kuwo oonobumba, uze uzobe umgca omncinci onqumlayo apho.

Kwaye lowo ngunobumba f.

Ukuba uyafuna, ungagoba kancinci phezulu nasezantsi, ukuze angabi bukhali kangako. Ngoko ufana no-s omde kakhulu. Nako oko kunokwenzeka.

Unobumba g

Unobumba g, ejinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana, kunye noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Ngoku sifika kunobumba g. Unobumba g wenziwa ngonobumba a odityaniswe nenxalenye engezantsi yonobumba f.

Kwaye nantsi indlela esimenza ngayo. Kuqala, sizoba unobumba a, kuba usinika umbono wokuba inxalenye yenkwili yonobumba g kufuneka yehle ukuya kufika phi ngaphantsi komgca.

  1. Ngoko siqala ngolu hlobo. Sizoba umgca olele, size sehle ngqo. Sithatha inkwili yethu siyehlisele phantsi kolwandle, size sigobe umgca kancinci usiya ngasekhohlo ezantsi.
  2. Emva koko siphakamisa usiba lwethu, siye esiphelweni somgca olele, size senze kwa imilo esiyenzileyo xa besisenza unobumba a, oko kukuthi: siyehla, senze igophe elincinci, sinyuke, size sidibane nomgca esiwuzobe kuqala.

Ukuba ujonga unobumba a no-g, inxalenye engaphezulu ka-g kufuneka ifane nonobumba a wakho.

Unobumba h

Unobumba h, ejinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana, kunye noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Unobumba olandelayo ngunobumba h, owenziwa ngendlela efana kakhulu neyonobumba b. Kuqala, sizoba unobumba a, kwaye oko kusinika umbono wokuba unobumba wethu kufuneka ehle ukuya kufika phi ngaphantsi komgca.

  1. Emva koko sizoba umgca ome nkqo. Lo mgca, kunjalo, uqala phezulu kakhulu, ubuncinane uphakame ngaphezu komgca kangangobude bonobumba a. Size siwehlise ude ufike ezantsi konobumba a, kwindawo apho unobumba a aphela khona.
  2. Emva koko sizoba umgca omncinci onqumlayo ukusuka embindini, entanjeni yokuxhoma iimpahla, size siwehlise ngegophe elincinci. Kodwa asiwuchukumisi, nakanye, umgca ome nkqo.

Ukuba uyawuchukumisa umgca ome nkqo, okanye usondele kakhulu kuwo, unobumba ufana no-b, kwaye asifuni ukuba u-h wethu afane no-b. Ngoko kufuneka kubekho isithuba ezantsi. Lowo ngowona mahluko mkhulu phakathi kuka-h no-b.

Okulungileyo nokungalunganga: u-h ugcina isithuba ezantsi; ukuba igophe lichukumisa umgca omde, ufana no-b

Unobumba i

Unobumba i, ejinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana, kunye noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Unobumba wethu olandelayo ngunobumba i, ongoyena ulula kunabo bonke. Ngumgca omncinci nje. Siqala entanjeni yokuxhoma iimpahla, sehle, kwaye sehla kuphela side sifike kubude bonobumba a. Ngoko kuqala, sizoba unobumba a.

  1. Emva koko, ecaleni konobumba a, sizoba umgca omncinci othe ngqo.
  2. Size sibeke ichaphaza phezu kwawo, okanye umgca omncinci omfutshane, ukuba uyafuna, ojonge phambili.

Kwaye lowo ngunobumba i.

Kodwa musa ukuzoba isangqa phezu kwakhe. Oko kubonakala kuhlekisa. Ngoko yenza nokuba ichaphaza, okanye uphawu oluncinci kakhulu njengolo ndiluzobileyo.

Unobumba j

Unobumba j, ejinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana, kunye noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Unobumba wethu olandelayo ngunobumba j, obonakala elula, kodwa eneneni unika ingxaki encinci kuba wehla njengenkwili. Kuqala, zoba unobumba a wakho.

  1. Emva koko qala ukuzoba unobumba i, uqala entanjeni yokuxhoma iimpahla usehla. Yehla udlule unobumba a uqhubeke usehla, ubuncinane umgama olingana nonobumba a, nangaphezulu, uze uwugobe kancinci ezantsi usiya ngasekhohlo.
  2. Uze ubeke ichaphaza phezu kwakhe okanye umgca omncinci omfutshane.

Kwaye lowo ngunobumba j.

Kodwa musa ukuzoba isangqa phezu kwakhe, kuba oko kubonakala kububudenge.

Eneneni, u-j ngunobumba i omde. Kwaye ngolwimi lwesiLatini, ubizwa ngolo hlobo nje: unobumba i omde.

Unobumba k

Unobumba k, ejinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana, kunye noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Unobumba k unomgca omde ome nkqo, kanye njengonobumba h esimenze ngaphambili. Ngoko siqala ngokungathi sizoba u-h.

  1. Sehla ngqo.
  2. Emva koko siyanqumla, kanye njengakwa-h. Imizobo emibini yokuqala iyafana, kodwa ngeli xesha, ukusuka esiphelweni somgca olele osentanjeni yokuxhoma iimpahla, sehlisa umgca size sichukumise umgca ome nkqo, senze unxantathu.
  3. Emva koko siphakamisa usiba lwethu, size, kwindawo ethile ezantsi kulo mgca, senze omnye umgca othambekela phambili.

Ungakwenza nangemizobo emibini. Wehla ngqo, emva koko unqumle, wehlise umgca wakho, uchukumise umgca ome nkqo, uze uwukhuphe kwakhona usiya ngasekunene ungaphakamisanga usiba lwakho. Oko akubonakali kuhle njengaxa wenza ngolu hlobo: wehla, unqumle, ungenise umgca, wenze i-engile yakho encinci (qaphela ukuba ayichukumisi ncam isiphelo esingezantsi somgca ome nkqo), uze uphakamise usiba lwakho wenze umzobo omncinci oya ngasekunene.

Ngoko ufana nonobumba omkhulu R, kodwa unobumba omkhulu R unefulegi phezu kwakhe, ejonge phezulu esibhakabhakeni.

Unobumba l

Unobumba l, ejinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana, kunye noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Ngoku sinonobumba l. Kuqala, sizoba unobumba a. Unobumba l kulula ukumenza mfutshane kakhulu ngempazamo, aze afane nonobumba i. Ngoko kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba lo nobumba unyuka njengerokhethi.

  1. Ngoko siqala ngaphezu komgca, ubuncinane umgama olingana nobude bonobumba a ngaphezu komgca, size sehle ngqo side sifike ezantsi konobumba a.

Kuphelele apho. Lowo ngunobumba l.

Kodwa eyona nto iphambili kukuqinisekisa ukuba mde ngokwaneleyo, kuba into eyenzeka kuninzi lwabafundi bam kukuba bamenza mfutshane kakhulu, aze afane nonobumba i.

Okulungileyo nokungalunganga: u-l unyuka njengerokhethi; xa emfutshane kakhulu, ufana nonobumba i

Unobumba n

Unobumba n, ejinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana kwayo, kunye noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Okulandelayo ngunobumba n. Siza kumenza ngaphambi kokuba senze unobumba m, nangona oko kungahambelani nolandelelwano lwealfabhethi. Ngoko uzoba unobumba a, uze ecaleni kwakhe wenze unobumba i. Emva koko, kufutshane nendawo ephezulu kanobumba i, uyagoba ujikeleze, uze wehle, wenze omnye unobumba i. Yiyo kanye loo nto. Ngoko ngoonobumba i ababini abasecaleni komnye nomnye, kwaye badityaniswe ligophe.

  1. Ngoko wenza unobumba i wokuqala,
  2. emva koko uphakamisa usiba lwakho, ulugobe kancinci, ngokungathi wenza unobumba r, uze uqhubeke nje wehle.

Enye indlela yokucinga ngalo nobumba kukuba ufana nonobumba h. Kuphela nje akanayo inxalenye yakhe ende enyukela phezulu esibhakabhakeni.

Ngoku, ukuba elo gophe liyakuxakekisa, ndikucebisa ukuba wenze oku. Wenza unobumba i, uze kufutshane nendawo ephezulu kanobumba i, uzobe nje umgca othambekileyo, othambeke kancinci kakhulu, uze wehle. Ngoko unobumba n wakho uba nembombo ngakumbi, angabi ngqukuva kangako, kodwa zombini ezi ndlela ziyasebenza.

Iindlela ezimbini zokwenza unobumba n: engqukuva, okanye enembombo ngomgca othambeke kancinci; zombini ziyasebenza

Unobumba m

Unobumba m, ejinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana kwayo, kunye noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Ngoku sinonobumba m. Siqala ngonobumba a wethu njengesiqhelo,

  1. (imizobo 1 no-2) size ecaleni kwakhe sizobe unobumba n esisandula ukumenza.
  2. (umzobo 3) Emva koko siphakamisa usiba lwethu, size sincamathelise kuye omnye unobumba n.

Ngoko ngamafutshane, unobumba m ngunobumba n ophindiweyo. Senza unobumba n wethu, siphakamise usiba lwethu, size senze omnye oncanyathiselwe kanye kuye. Akunzima, kulula kakhulu.

Unobumba o

Unobumba o, ejinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana kwayo, kunye noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Unobumba o ngoyena unzima kunabo bonke oonobumba. Kuthiwa umzobi uRaphael wazoba izangqa ezingamawaka ezama ukuzoba isangqa esigqibeleleyo. Thina asizi kwenza loo nto. Siza kukwenza kube lula.

  1. Ngoko, siqala entanjeni yokuxhoma iimpahla, senze isibiyeli, uhlobo lwesibiyeli olusetyenziswa kwizifundo zezibalo. Senza isibiyeli sangaphandle,
  2. emva koko siphakamisa usiba lwethu, senze isibiyeli kwelinye icala.

Kwaye ezi zibiyeli zimbini, zichukumisana, zenza imilo kanobumba o. Ngoku loo milo kanobumba o inde kwaye ibhityile. Iphakame ngokulingana nonobumba a wethu.

Singenza isibiyeli sigobe ngakumbi, kwaye oko kuya kusinika unobumba o ongqukuva ngakumbi. Okanye, ukuba uziva unesibindi, ungaqala emgceni, uzobe isangqa, wehle ujikeleze, uze ubuyele apho uqale khona.

Ukuba oko kunzima kakhulu, into oyenzayo kukuba wenze isibiyeli esinembombo. Ngoko uyehla, wenze idayimani. Ngoko endaweni yokuzoba isangqa, wenza unobumba o wakho abe yidayimani. Kwaye uyayazi indlela yokuzoba imilo yedayimani.

Iindlela zokwenza unobumba o: izibiyeli ezimbini, ezigobe ngakumbi, isangqa, okanye idayimani

Unobumba p

Unobumba p, ejinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana kwayo, kunye noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Unobumba olandelayo ngunobumba p. Lo nobumba ufana kakhulu nonobumba b, ngaphandle kokuba endaweni yokuba umgca ube ngaphezulu kwentambo yokuxhoma iimpahla, wona ungaphantsi kwayo.

  1. Ngoko siqala entanjeni yokuxhoma iimpahla, okanye kancinci nje ngaphezulu kwayo, sehle ubunzulu bukanobumba a, size sehle obunye ubunzulu kwakhona. Ngoko unzulu kabini kunonobumba a.
  2. Emva koko siphakamisa usiba lwethu, sizobe umgca olele entanjeni yokuxhoma iimpahla, size siwehlise ngegophe ukuze uchukumise umgca ome nkqo kanye kwindawo ebiya kuba sezantsi kukanobumba a.

Ngoko lo nobumba ufana ncam nonobumba b, ngaphandle kokuba unomgca ohlela ezantsi endaweni yomgca onyukela phezulu.

Khumbula, umgca ohlela ezantsi kufuneka wehle uye kude ngokwaneleyo.

Unobumba q

Unobumba q, ejinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana kwayo, kunye noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Unobumba olandelayo ngunobumba q, ofana nohlobo oluthile lukanobumba a. Ufana kakhulu nonobumba a. Ngoko sizoba unobumba a wethu, size ecaleni kwakhe senze oku kulandelayo.

  1. Senza umgca olele, size sehle, kanye njengoko besiya kwenza kunobumba a, kodwa siqhubeke sisehla, side sehle obunye ubunzulu bonke, size senze umgca omncinci okhombe phambili njengophawu oluncinci.
  2. Emva koko siphakamisa usiba lwethu, siye esiphelweni somgca olele entanjeni yokuxhoma iimpahla, size senze umgca ovalayo kanye njengoko besiya kwenza kunobumba a.

Ngoko unobumba q ufana kakhulu nonobumba a. Kuphela nje unomgca omde ohlela ezantsi, onophawu oluncinci olukhombe phambili ezantsi.

Unobumba r

Unobumba r, ejinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana kwayo, kunye noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Unobumba olandelayo ngunobumba r. Kuqala sizoba unobumba a wethu.

  1. Emva koko senza unobumba i, kodwa siqale kancinci ngaphezulu komgca, singayi phezulu kakhulu, kancinci nje. Size senze unobumba i.
  2. Emva koko siphakamisa usiba lwethu, kwaye ngokungathi siqala ukwenza unobumba n, siqala igophe likanobumba n, kodwa asiyi kude kube sekupheleni. Siyema.

Ngoko ufana nenxalenye ephezulu kanobumba n, kodwa akanawo umzobo wesibini kanobumba n owehlayo njengonobumba i wesibini. Kwaye lowo ngunobumba r.

Unobumba s

Unobumba s, ejinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana kwayo, kunye noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Unobumba olandelayo ngunobumba s. Ubude bakhe bulingana nobukanobumba a. Eyona nto inzima kuye kukuba kufuneka ulawule usiba lwakho ukuze wenze amagophe amabini.

  1. Ngoko uqala phezulu, emgceni, wenze umgca ojikajikayo. Ngoko uyehla, uye ecaleni, uphinde wehle.

Lo mgca ungagoba kancinci, kube njengemilo yokwenene kanobumba s.

Okanye ukuba amagophe ayakuxakekisa, ungamenza afane ngakumbi nomgca ojikajikayo. Ngoko lowo ngunobumba s.

Iindlela ezimbini zokwenza unobumba s: egotyiwe, okanye njengomgca ojikajikayo

Unobumba t

Unobumba t, ejinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana kwayo, kunye noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Unobumba t ngunobumba ekufuneka umjonge ngononophelo, nangona elula kakhulu, kuba ungunobumba omde ngokwaneleyo, kodwa engemde njengonobumba l.

  1. Ngoko siqala ngaphezulu komgca, singayi phezulu njengoko besiya kwenza kunobumba l, size sehle side sifike ezantsi njengonobumba a, size senze uphawu oluncinci olukhombe phambili ezantsi.
  2. Emva koko sibuyela umva, kwaye ngapha entanjeni yokuxhoma iimpahla, senze umgca onqumlayo.

Ngoko qaphela ukuba unobumba t unenxalenye encinci ephakame ngaphezulu komgca onqumlayo, kwaye ingaphakama kakhulu.

Ukuba loo nxalenye iphakamileyo ayikho, kwaye ufunda ngokukhawuleza, unobumba t angabonakala ngathi ngunobumba c, kwaye akufuni oko. Yiyo loo nto kufuneka ube nomgca ophakame ngaphezulu, ukuze xa ufunda ngokukhawuleza ungambhidanisi nonobumba c.

Okulungileyo nokungalunganga: unobumba t unenxalenye ephakame ngaphezulu komgca onqumlayo; ngaphandle kwayo, ubonakala ngathi ngunobumba c

Unobumba u

Unobumba u, ejinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana kwayo, kunye noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Unobumba u ulandela kakuhle emva kukanobumba t.

  1. Ngoko uqala emgceni, wehle ubunzulu obulingana nobukanobumba a, uze wenze uphawu oluncinci olukhombe phambili.
  2. Emva koko uphakamisa usiba lwakho, wenze omnye umgca onjengonobumba i, kwaye loo nobumba i kufuneka achukumise isiphelo sophawu oluncinci.

Okanye ukuba ukhetha, ungakwenza ngenye indlela. Ungaqala ngonobumba i okwicala lasekunene, uze uzobe lowo usekhohlo, wehle unyuke, ngophawu oluncinci oluchukumisa unobumba i.

Iindlela ezimbini zokwenza unobumba u: qala ngasekhohlo ngophawu oluncinci, okanye qala ngasekunene ngonobumba i

Ngoko ungamenza ngenye yeendlela ezimbini. Ungaqala ngasekhohlo, okanye ungaqala ngasekunene. Kuxhomekeke kuwe.

Ngoko ukuba umjonga ngononophelo, ufana nonobumba a ongenayo inxalenye yakhe ephezulu, kwaye yiyo kanye loo nto.

Unobumba v

Unobumba v, ejinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana kwayo, kunye noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Unobumba olandelayo ngunobumba v, kwaye simenza ngomzobo omnye.

  1. Siqala emgceni, sehle sithambeka, size sinyuke kwakhona side sichukumise umgca, sisenza le engile ebukhali, engunobumba v.

Ngunobumba olula kakhulu.

Unobumba w

Unobumba w, ejinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana kwayo, kunye noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Unobumba wethu olandelayo ngunobumba w, ongomnye unobumba olula. Siqala ngonobumba a,

  1. size ecaleni kwakhe senze unobumba v, esisandula ukumenza. Kwaye xa ufika phezulu kukanobumba v, uyehla, wenze omnye kanye ecaleni kwakhe.

Ngoko ngunobumba v olandelwa ngomnye unobumba v, kwaye akuluphakamisi usiba lwakho.

Ukuba uyafuna, ungaluphakamisa usiba lwakho. Wenza unobumba v omnye, uze wenze unobumba v olandelayo ecaleni kwakhe.

Unobumba x

Unobumba x, ejinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana kwayo, kunye noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Unobumba olandelayo ngunobumba x.

  1. Siqala emgceni kwicala lasekunene, sizobe umgca othambekileyo usiya ezantsi ngasekhohlo.
  2. Emva koko siphakamisa usiba lwethu siye ngasekhohlo, ngaphezulu kwalapho omnye umgca uphele khona, siqale sizobe omnye umgca othambekileyo usiya ezantsi, ukuze imigca inqumlane embindini, yenze uphawu lomnqamlezo okanye unobumba x.

Le engile akufuneki ime nkqo kakhulu, kwaye akufuneki ilale kakhulu.

Unobumba y

Unobumba y, ejinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana kwayo, kunye noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Olandelayo ngunobumba y. Ngoku, lo ufana nohlobo lukanobumba v, kodwa unomgca omde othambekileyo wenkwili.

  1. Siqala ngomgca omde othambekileyo kanobumba y, siqala kwicala lasekunene, size sehlise umgca othambekileyo owehla ngaphantsi kukanobumba a, ude ufike kubunzulu obulingana nobude bukanobumba a. Ungami nkqo kakhulu, kodwa ungami nkqo ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko uthambeke usiya ngasekhohlo.
  2. Emva koko siphakamisa usiba lwethu, siye entanjeni yokuxhoma iimpahla, size senze umgca owehlayo ochukumisa loo mgca othambekileyo kufutshane nalapho ezantsi kukanobumba a bekuya kuba khona.

Ngoko ubonakala njengonobumba v onomsila omde oya ngasekhohlo.

Unobumba z

Unobumba z, ejinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana kwayo, kunye noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Unobumba wethu olandelayo ngunobumba z, okanye zed, njengoko abanye bembiza njalo. Ngoko lo ulula ngokwaneleyo.

  1. Siqala kwicala lasekhohlo. Sizoba umgca olele emgceni, size sehle sithambeka siye kubunzulu bukanobumba a, size sizobe umgca olele ngapha ezantsi.

Kwaye lowo ngunobumba z wethu.

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Ukufunda Ukubhala — Inxalenye Yokuqala: Ukubhala Okuthambekileyo Okwenziwe Lula · Evan Millner · Published by Abecedaria Press