Universitas Scholarium — A Community of Scholars Log In

Abecedaria Press · Ukufunda Ukubhala

Isifundo 3

Chancery Italic

Kwesi sifundo sijonga uhlobo lokubhala ngesandla olwalusetyenziswa ixesha elide, kwada kwaba ngeminyaka yoo-1700, xa lwathi lwathatyathelwa indawo kukubhala okudibeneyo. Lubizwa ngokuba yiChancery, okanye iChancery Italic. Apha ndiyibhala ngendlela elula kakhulu, kuba le nto yenzelwe abafundi abasafunda ukubhala.

Isizathu sokuba ndikuthande oku kubhala kukuba kuzele ziimilo eziqinileyo kakhulu. Thatha unobumba a: sinqumla ngaphezulu, sehle, senze i-engile, sinyuke, emva koko sehle kwaye sinyuke. Oko kulula kakhulu kumfundi kunokulawula imilo kanobumba c, enzima ngokwenene.

Ngoko ke kwiChancery oonobumba benziwa ngamagophe ambalwa kakhulu. Sele uyayazi ialfabhethi ejingayo emgceni, oyifunde kwiSifundo 2. IChancery Italic yingcamango efanayo, kodwa ibhalwe ngobunono obuthe kratya, ineempawu ezincinci zokugqiba imizobo. Gcina iincopho zoonobumba bakho abancinci zikumphakamo omnye, zijinga emgceni, njengoko wenzile kwiSifundo 2.

Bukela esi sifundo kwividiyo (ngesiNgesi): IChancery Italic, eyenziwe lula

IChancery Italic (1966), ifonti yentsimbi eyenziwa nguPaul Hayden Duensing (1928–2006), weThe Private Press and Type Foundry, eVicksburg, eMichigan: oonobumba abancinci, uphawu &, iziphumlisi namanani.

Unobumba a

Unobumba a weChancery Italic, ojinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana, noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Unobumba a, kwiChancery Italic elula. Nakulo nobumba, sixhoma oonobumba bethu emgceni.

  1. Sizoba umgca onqumlayo phezulu, kanye njengakuthotho lokuqala lwezifundo, size sehle. Umahluko kukuba ezantsi kanye, senza uphawu oluncinci kakhulu.
  2. Emva koko imilo, imilo yesibini, imilo edibanisayo, egobe kancinci, njengesibiyeli, emva koko senze uphawu oluncinci olunyukela phezulu.

Iqhinga apha kukuba uphawu oluncinci olunyukayo kufuneka lwenziwe ngokukhawuleza kancinci, ukuze unobumba abe nobunono obuthile. Elo ke liqhinga.

Unobumba b

Unobumba b weChancery Italic, ojinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana, noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Apha sinonobumba b. Kukho umahluko omncinci kwindlela esasimenza ngayo okokuqala xa sasimfunda.

  1. Xa sisehla ngomzobo owehlayo, siwugoba kancinci phezulu. Eli gophe lingaba lincinci, okanye ungalenza libe likhulu ngakumbi ukuba uyafuna. Emva koko umzobo wehla uthe ngqo.
  2. Emva koko into esiyenzayo kukuba asizobi umgca olele njengoko senzile okokuqala, kodwa kancinci ngaphantsi kwentambo yokuxhoma iimpahla, sinyuka ngokuthambeka, size sehle ngokungathi senza unobumba j, siwusondeze ngaphakathi, uchukumise isiphelo sezantsi somzobo owehlayo.

Kwaye oko kusinika unobumba wethu b.

Unobumba c

Unobumba c weChancery Italic, ojinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana, noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Unobumba c apha uphantse afane nonobumba c esamfunda okokuqala.

  1. Siqala emgceni sisuka ngasekunene, sizobe umgca olele, size sehle, size senze uphawu oluncinci olunyukela phezulu ezantsi.

Kwaye oko kusinika unobumba wethu c.

Uphawu oluncinci olungezantsi lungaba lufutshane, njengoko ndilwenzile apha, okanye ungalwenza lube lude kancinci, ukuze lunyuke lulingane ngobunzulu nomgca olele ophezulu.

Iindlela ezimbini zokugqiba unobumba c: uphawu oluncinci olufutshane, okanye uphawu oluncinci olude

Unobumba d

Unobumba d weChancery Italic, ojinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana, noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Unobumba d apha ufana kakhulu nonobumba d esamenza okokuqala.

  1. Umahluko kukuba phezulu kukho igophe. Emva koko siyehla, kwaye xa sifika ezantsi, senza uphawu oluncinci kakhulu oluya phambili.
  2. Emva koko emgceni, sisuka emgceni omde siye ngasekhohlo, size sehle senze unobumba j ojonge ngasemva, size senze uphawu oluncinci olunyukayo ukuze luchukumise umgca omde.

Ngoku, eli gophe lingaba lifutshane, njengoko ndinalo apha, okanye ungalenza libe lide kancinci, njengoko unokubona kwimizekelo yombhalo wakudala esikubonise yona.

Unobumba e

Unobumba e weChancery Italic, ojinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana, noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Unobumba e kulo mbhalo uyafana nonobumba e wombhalo wangaphambili.

  1. Senza umgca olele, size sehle, size sigobe senze uphawu oluncinci oluya phambili.
  2. Emva koko sisuka embindini, sinyuka ngokuthambeka siye kuchukumisa isiphelo somgca olele osentanjeni yokuxhoma iimpahla.

Kwaye oko kusinika unobumba wethu e.

Unobumba f

Unobumba f weChancery Italic, ojinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana, noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Apha sinonobumba f. Siqala phezulu kakhulu ngaphezu komgca kwaye sehla siye ezantsi kakhulu ngaphantsi komgca. Ngoko ke yiirokhethi neenkwili kwakhona. Kwaye ugobile. Ngoko ufana nonobumba s omde kakhulu ogobileyo.

  1. Igophe elincinci phezulu, emva koko sintywilela ezantsi, size sigobe ngobunono ezantsi.
  2. Emva koko siyamnqumla emgceni.

Unobumba g

Unobumba g weChancery Italic, ojinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana, noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Apha sinonobumba g. Ubonakala enzima kancinci, kodwa akanzima.

  1. Ngoko siqala emgceni, senza umgca olele, size sehle ngokungathi senza unobumba j. Ngoko umzobo wehla uye kude ezantsi, njengenkwili, size siqhubeke sigobela ngaphakathi, sigobe side sibuyele ngasemva, size sichukumise umgca kwindawo apho isiphelo sezantsi sikanobumba a siya kuba khona.
  2. Emva koko siphakamisa usiba lwethu, siye esiphelweni, sehle size senze uphawu oluncinci olungena ngaphakathi, kanye njengoko senza xa sibhala unobumba a.

Unobumba h

Unobumba h weChancery Italic, ojinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana, noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Apha sinonobumba h. Wahluke kancinci kunonobumba h esamenza okokuqala, kodwa ufana nonobumba b esisandula ukumenza.

  1. Ngoko siqala ngegophe lethu phezulu, emva koko silijikelezise size sehle ngqo. Khumbula, oku kuphezulu kakhulu ngaphezu komgca, ubuncinane ngobude bonobumba omnye ngaphezu komgca, mhlawumbi nangaphezulu. Igophe eliya phambili lingaba lincinci okanye likhulu. Ungajonga umzekelo wakudala.
  2. Emva koko kancinci ngaphantsi komgca, siqala umzobo wethu wesibini, sinyuka ngokuthambeka, size senze imilo encinci efana nonobumba j, eyehlayo kwaye engachukumisi umgca ome nkqo. Ngoko ifana nesibiyeli esincinci, kodwa ayichukumisi.

Kukho isithuba esihle ezantsi. Ukuba bekungekho sithuba ezantsi, ubeya kuba ngunobumba b, kwaye oko bekuya kuba kubi.

Okulungileyo nokungalunganga: unobumba h ugcina isithuba esihle ezantsi; ukuba bekungekho sithuba ubeya kuba ngunobumba b

Unobumba i

Unobumba i weChancery Italic, ojinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana, noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Unobumba i kule alfabhethi uhonjiswe kancinci ngakumbi kunonobumba i esamenza kwimilo elula.

  1. Kukho uphawu oluncinci kakhulu olunyukela emgceni, emva koko siyehla, kwaye kukho uphawu oluncinci olujonge ngaphandle ezantsi. Kodwa umgca kanobumba i kufuneka uthe ngqo.
  2. Emva koko simbeka ichaphaza, okanye sibeke umgca omncinci omfutshane phezulu, njengangaphambili.

Ukuba unobumba i akathanga ngqo, xa ubhala kwaye ufunda ngokungxama, unokucinga ukuba ngunobumba c. Ngoko khumbula ukuba unobumba i kufuneka athe ngqo.

Unobumba j

Unobumba j weChancery Italic, ojinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana, noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Apha sinonobumba j, ongunobumba i omde.

  1. Kwaye njengonobumba i esisandula ukumenza, uqala ngophawu oluncinci olunyukela emgceni. Emva koko sehla ngqo, kwaye siqhubeke sisehla njengenkwili. Kwaye ezantsi, simnika igophe elihle.
  2. Kwaye phezulu, simbeka ichaphaza okanye umgca omncinci omfutshane.

Unobumba k

Unobumba k weChancery Italic, ojinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana, noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Apha sinonobumba k.

  1. Kwakhona, unegophe phezulu, umhombiso omncinci, emva koko uyehla aze ame.
  2. Emva koko siphakamisa usiba lwethu, siye kwindawo apho unqumla khona umgca. Sinqumla ngapha, size sehle sichukumise umgca ome nkqo. Emva koko sizoba umgca omncinci ogobileyo wenxalenye engezantsi kanobumba k.

Kwaye loo mgca omncinci ogobileyo ungasongeka kancinci ukuba uyafuna. Kwaye igophe eliphezulu, elisongeka liye phambili, nalo lingasongeka ngakumbi ukuba uyafuna. Jonga umzekelo wakudala.

Unobumba l

Unobumba l weChancery Italic, ojinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana, noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Unobumba l ngokwenene ukhangeleka efana nomzobo wokuqala esawenzayo kunobumba k.

  1. Ngoko sinegophe, size sehle ngqo, kwaye ezantsi, uphawu oluncinci oluya phambili.

Yiloo nto kuphela. Unobumba k akanalo olo phawu oluncinci oluya phambili ezantsi komzobo wakhe ome nkqo.

Unobumba m

Unobumba m weChancery Italic, ojinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana, noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Apha sinonobumba m.

  1. Ngoko siqala ngokungathi senza unobumba i, uphawu oluncinci olunyukela emgceni, emva koko sehle ngqo.
  2. Emva koko kancinci ngaphantsi komgca, sinyuka ngokuthambeka, size sigobe kancinci sisehla, umzobo oya ngasemva,
  3. size siphinde kwakhona okwesibini, siphakamisa usiba lwethu, sinyuka siye emgceni, size sigobe kancinci, umzobo oya ngasemva.

Kwaye lowo ngunobumba wethu m.

Ngoko ezi zifana nezibiyeli ezimbini, ndicinga njalo, okanye izibiyeli ezimbini ezigobileyo, ezo uzisebenzisayo kwizibalo.

Unobumba n

Unobumba n weChancery Italic, ojinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana, noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Unobumba n wenziwa ngale ndlela

  1. ngokwenza uphawu oluncinci olunyukela emgceni, nangokwehla ngqo,
  2. emva koko kancinci ngaphantsi komgca, sinyuka ngokuthambeka, size senze umgca wethu ogobileyo owehlayo, okanye imilo yethu yesibiyeli eyehlayo, igophe elincinci.

Kwaye lowo ngunobumba n.

Unobumba o

Unobumba o weChancery Italic, ojinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana, noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Nanku unobumba o. Esi sifundo siyafana nesifundo esasinaso kwiqela lezifundo ezidlulileyo.

  1. Ngoko ungamenza ngokuzoba izibiyeli ezimbini ezigobileyo ezichukumisanayo,
  2. izibiyeli ezimbini ezichukumisanayo.

Kwaye unobumba o akangqukuva ncam, kodwa mde kancinci kwaye ubhityile. Okanye ungamzoba ngesandla ngokwenza imo efana neqanda kancinci. Kwaye ungamthambekisa kancinci ecaleni, njengoko ndimenzile apha, okanye ungamenza ame nkqo. Olo lukhetho lwakho.

Iindlela zokwenza unobumba o weChancery: izibiyeli ezimbini ezichukumisanayo, okanye umzobo omnye ofana neqanda kancinci, uthambekile okanye ume nkqo

Unobumba p

Unobumba p weChancery Italic, ojinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana, noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Unobumba p apha uqala kancinci ngaphezu komgca, ngegophe elijonge phambili. Ngoko sigoba sibuyela ngasemva xa simbhala, kuba siqala phezulu.

  1. Emva koko sehla ngqo. Kwaye ezantsi, sigoba siye ngaphandle.
  2. Emva koko, kancinci ngaphantsi komgca, kumzobo wethu wesibini, sinyuka ngokuthambeka, size senze imo encinci efana nonobumba j ojonge ngasemva, side sichukumise umgca ome nkqo.

Kwaye lo ngunobumba wethu p.

Unobumba q

Unobumba q weChancery Italic, ojinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana, noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Unobumba q apha uyafana nonobumba q kwisifundo sethu sokuqala, ngaphandle kokuba ezantsi, ukutsiba okuncinci okukhawulezayo kuhonjiswe kancinci ngakumbi, okanye kugobe kancinci ngakumbi, kodwa ngaphandle koko uyafana.

  1. Ngoko sihamba sinqumla ngapha, emva koko sehle, size sigobe siye ngaphandle kancinci ezantsi,
  2. size senze umzobo wethu wesibini, senze le mo encinci efana nonobumba j ngaphakathi, kanye ngokungathi senza unobumba a.

Kwaye lo ngunobumba wethu q.

Unobumba r

Unobumba r weChancery Italic, ojinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana, noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Unobumba r wenziwa ngonobumba i, unobumba i esimfunde kwesi sifundo.

  1. Ngoko senza uphawu oluncinci olunyukela emgceni, sehle ngqo, size senze uphawu oluncinci oluphumela ngaphandle ezantsi.
  2. Emva koko senza umgca ogobileyo onyuka phezulu. Uchukumisa intambo yokuxhoma iimpahla, uze wehle kancinci.

Kwaye lo ngunobumba r.

Unobumba s

Unobumba s weChancery Italic, ojinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana, noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Nanku unobumba s. Uyafana nonobumba s kwisifundo sokuqala. Ngoko uyimo entle egobagobayo.

  1. Eyona ndawo iphezulu kuye ichukumisa umgca, size simgobe ngokujikeleza.

Qaphela ukuba igophe elingaphezulu lincinci kancinci kunegophe elingezantsi. Ngoko mcinge njengomntu onentloko encinci nesisu esikhulu.

Unobumba t

Unobumba t weChancery Italic, ojinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana, noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Nanku unobumba t omncinci, kwaye izilumkiso eziqhelekileyo ziyasebenza nalapha. Lo nobumba mde kunokuba ucinga.

  1. Ngoko siqala phezulu kakhulu ngaphezu komgca, kodwa ke, hayi kangangonobumba l. Sehla ngqo, size senze uphawu oluncinci oluphumela ngaphandle ezantsi,
  2. size simnqumle emgceni.
Okulungileyo nokungalunganga: unobumba t unyuka kakhulu ngaphezu komgca wakhe onqumlayo; ukuba akunjalo, xa ufunda ngokukhawuleza, ubonakala ngathi ngunobumba c

Unobumba u

Unobumba u weChancery Italic, ojinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana, noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Unobumba u apha wenziwa ngendlela efana neyesifundo sokuqala.

  1. Ngoko siqala ngomzobo osekunene. Sehla, size senze ukutsiba okuncinci okukhawulezayo siye phambili.
  2. Emva koko sibuyela umva size sizobe umzobo wesibini. Unophawu oluncinci olunyukela emgceni, wehle ngqo, size siwugobe unyuke senze uphawu oluncinci, ude uchukumise umgca wokuqala.

Kwaye oko kusinika unobumba wethu u.

Unobumba v

Unobumba v weChancery Italic, ojinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana, noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Unobumba wethu v apha ufana kakhulu nonobumba v kwisifundo sokuqala, kodwa uhonjiswe kancinci ngakumbi.

  1. Kukho uphawu oluncinci olunyukela emgceni, emva koko senza imo yethu eqhelekileyo kanobumba v, size senze uphawu oluncinci ekupheleni.

Zombini ezi mpawu ezincinci zifika kanye entanjeni yokuxhoma iimpahla.

Unobumba w

Unobumba w weChancery Italic, ojinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana, noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Nanku unobumba wethu w, kwaye kunobumba w sinokukhetha ukuba siyayinqumlanisa imigca emibini embindini okanye hayi.

  1. Ngoko siyaqala, ngophawu oluncinci olunyukela emgceni, size senze unobumba wethu v.
  2. Emva koko siphakamisa usiba lwethu, size senze unobumba wethu v wesibini, sehla ngqo, sinyuke, size senze uphawu oluncinci oluphumela ngaphandle. Kwaye imigca inqumlana kancinci embindini.

Okanye ungamenza ngomzobo omnye: uphawu oluncinci olunyukela emgceni, unobumba v, wehle ngqo uye kunobumba v wesibini, uze wenze uphawu oluncinci oluphumela ngaphandle, imigca inganqumlani, ungaphakamisi usiba lwakho.

Iindlela ezimbini zokwenza unobumba w weChancery: imizobo emibini enqumlanayo embindini, okanye umzobo omnye ongazinqumliyo

Ngoko ukuba imigca iyanqumlana, kufuneka uphakamise usiba lwakho. Okanye ukuba akuluphakamisi usiba lwakho, sinomgca othe ngqo nje onophawu oluncinci kwisiphelo ngasinye.

Unobumba x

Unobumba x weChancery Italic, ojinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana, noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Nanku unobumba wethu x.

  1. Sigoba sinyuka kancinci siye emgceni, size sehle ngokuthambeka, size sigobe siye ngaphandle ezantsi. Obu bubude bonobumba a.
  2. Emva koko siphakamisa usiba lwethu, size, ngaphezu kwesiphelo esingezantsi somzobo osekunene, siqale umzobo wethu owehlayo, size sibuyele ngasemva. Sigoba sinyuke siye emgceni, size sehle, size sigobe siye ngaphandle.

Kwaye lo mgca ungaba mde kunomgca wokuqala, kodwa olo lukhetho lwakho.

Unobumba y

Unobumba y weChancery Italic, ojinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana, noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Unobumba y wenziwa ngemo efana nonobumba j.

  1. Ngoko senza uphawu oluncinci olunyukela kancinci kakhulu emgceni. Sehla ngqo size senze igophe elihle ezantsi. Khumbula, le yinkwili. Sehla siye kude ezantsi.
  2. Emva koko siphakamisa usiba lwethu. Sibuyela emgceni. Senza uphawu oluncinci olunyukayo, sehle side sifike kubunzulu bonobumba a, size senze ukutsiba okuncinci okukhawulezayo singene ngaphakathi, sichukumise imo efana nonobumba j.

Kwaye nanku unobumba wethu y.

Unobumba z

Unobumba z weChancery Italic, ojinga emgceni, nemizobo yakhe ngokulandelelana, noluhlu lokulandela amachaphaza

Kwaye ekugqibeleni, sifikile kunobumba z: zed, okanye zee (ngesiNgesi), kuxhomekeke apho uvela khona.

  1. Ngoko into esiyenzayo kukuba senza ukutsiba okuncinci okukhawulezayo sinyuke kancinci, emva koko senze umgca wethu olele, emva koko sehle ngokuthambeka, senze umgca olele ezantsi, size senze ukutsiba okuncinci sinyuke kancinci nje.

Kwaye lo ngunobumba wethu z.

Umzekelo Wembali: iNkosazana uElizabeth

INkosazana uElizabeth, intombi kaKumkani uHenry VIII, ebhala eneminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu ngo-1548: ileta yakhe esuka eCheshunt eya kuKumkanikazi uKatherine (uKatherine Parr), umhlolokazi kakumkani. The National Archives, Kew.

Ukubhala ngesandla kweNkosazana uElizabeth, intombi kaKumkani uHenry VIII, eneminyaka eli-15, ngo-1548. Njengoko ubona, iimo ezininzi zoonobumba esibafundileyo apha kule ncwadi ziyafana.

Universitas Scholarium insignia

Ukufunda Ukubhala — Inxalenye Yokuqala: Ukubhala Okuthambekileyo Okwenziwe Lula · Evan Millner · Published by Abecedaria Press