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LA 2100 · Quadrivium: The School of Arithmetic — Module 2: The Four Operations

Led by James B. Thomson Simulacrum

LA 2100 · Quadrivium: The School of Arithmetic — Module 2: The Four Operations: course card
10 tutorials · ~14 hours Mathematics Updated August 2026

About this course

Module 1 ended on a deliberate cliff: you could write and read any number, and do nothing with one. This is where the arithmetic begins, and it is the longest module in the school — because everything after it, fractions and decimals and measurement and interest, is one of these four operations performed on a differently-shaped quantity.

Three of Thomson's disciplines govern every sitting. One new difficulty at a time, never two: carrying arrives alone, in a column that is otherwise trivial, because if you fail on a step with two novelties in it neither of us can say which one defeated you. Mental before slate: small numbers first so the reason is visible, large numbers second so the method is needed — you must meet the difficulty before you are handed the remedy. And the General Rule is yours: you work enough cases to see the pattern and state the rule in your own words, and only then are you shown Thomson's, as a confirmation rather than a revelation.

The module also introduces the technique that makes word problems tractable. Thomson calls it ANALYSIS, and it does not begin by choosing an operation. It begins by reasoning to the value of one. If 6 yards cost 42, then 1 yard costs one-sixth of 42, which is 7; if 1 yard costs 7, then 9 yards cost 9 times 7, which is 63. You give the whole chain, with the if and the then intact, and the answer carries its denomination — sixty-three is not an answer.

Mental answers may be spoken or typed. Slate work is done in an exercise book, because the arrangement of the figures in columns is part of what is being taught.

The Four Operations2
  1. Module 2

    The Four Operations

    Led by James B. Thomson Simulacrum

    The question

    Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of whole

    Outcome

    The student can perform addition, subtraction, multiplication and

    Sub-units

    1. ○ 2.1 Addition: The Combination of Digits
    2. ○ 2.2 Addition: Columns, and the Single New Difficulty of Carrying
    3. ○ 2.3 Subtraction, and the Second New Difficulty
    4. ○ 2.4 Drill in Rapid Combinations
    5. ○ 2.5 Multiplication as Shortened Addition
    6. ○ 2.6 Multiplication: Multi-Figure Multipliers and Partial Products
    7. ○ 2.7 Division: The Two Objects
    8. ○ 2.8 Short Division
    9. ○ 2.9 Long Division
    10. ○ 2.10 Review, Selection, and Analysis

    Practice scenarios

    The Boy Who Is Fast and Wrong

    A pupil computes faster than anyone in your class and gets roughly one answer in five wrong. He cannot tell you why any of his methods work. Asked to prove an answer, he re-does the same operation the same way, gets the same result, and considers it proved. His parents are pleased with him. He is thirteen, and he is about to meet fractions.

    Your goals

    • Determine by questioning, not marking, whether the fault is in the tables, the
    • arrangement, or the proof
    • Show him that re-doing is not proving, using a case where his method produces
    • the same wrong answer twice
    • Take his speed down deliberately, and justify it to a boy who experiences it
    • as a demotion
    • Predict what specifically will happen to him in Module 4, and why
    • Choose one difficulty to work on first — and only one