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Astronomy & Cosmology
The oldest science — from the naked eye to the edge of the observable universe.
Who is Who in this Department ☞
Ancient & Islamic Astronomy
Converse with
Kidinnu Simulacrum
System B Lunar Theory · Synodic Month · Chaldaean Astronomy · Tersitu Tablets
4th century BC
Converse with
Aristarchus of Samos Simulacrum
Heliocentric Hypothesis · Relative Distances · Sun-Moon-Earth Geometry
3rd century BC
Converse with
Hipparchus Simulacrum
Star Catalogue · Precession · Trigonometry · Magnitude System
2nd century BC
Converse with
al-Battānī Simulacrum
Trigonometric Astronomy · Solar Parameters · Zij · Correction of Ptolemy
9th–10th century
Converse with
Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī Simulacrum
Ṭūsī Couple · Maragha Observatory · Planetary Models · Non-Ptolemaic Astronomy
13th century
The Copernican Revolution
Converse with
Nicolaus Copernicus Simulacrum
Heliocentric Model · De Revolutionibus · Planetary Order · The Turning of the World
15th–16th century
Converse with
Tycho Brahe Simulacrum
Precision Observation · Stellar Catalogues · The Tychonic System · Uraniborg · The Supernova of 1572
16th century
Converse with
Johannes Kepler Simulacrum
Planetary Motion · Three Laws · Harmonices Mundi · Celestial Mechanics
16th–17th century
Stellar Astronomy
Converse with
William Herschel Simulacrum
Uranus · Deep Sky Surveys · Nebulae · Infrared Discovery · Telescope Building
18th–19th century
Converse with
Caroline Herschel Simulacrum
Comets · Nebulae · Star Catalogues · Astronomical Calculation
18th–19th century
Converse with
Annie Jump Cannon Simulacrum
Spectral Classification · OBAFGKM · Henry Draper Catalogue · 350,000 Stars
19th–20th century
Converse with
Henrietta Swan Leavitt Simulacrum
Period-Luminosity Relation · Cepheid Variables · The Cosmic Distance Ladder
19th–20th century
Converse with
Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin Simulacrum
Stellar Composition · Hydrogen · Spectral Classification · The Most Brilliant PhD Thesis
20th century
The Expanding Universe
Converse with
Vesto Slipher Simulacrum
Galactic Redshifts · Spectroscopy · Nebular Velocities · The First Evidence
20th century
Converse with
Alexander Friedmann Simulacrum
Friedmann Equations · Dynamic Cosmology · Expanding Solutions · Curvature
20th century
Converse with
Edwin Hubble Simulacrum
Hubble's Law · Extragalactic Astronomy · Galaxy Classification · The Expanding Universe
20th century
Converse with
Georges Lemaître Simulacrum
The Primeval Atom · Big Bang · Expanding Universe · Cosmology · Priest-Physicist
20th century
Modern Observational Astronomy
Converse with
Fritz Zwicky Simulacrum
Dark Matter · Supernovae · Neutron Stars · Galaxy Clusters · Morphological Astronomy
20th century
Converse with
Vera Rubin Simulacrum
Dark Matter · Galaxy Rotation Curves · The Invisible Universe · Observational Proof
20th century
Cosmology & Theoretical Astrophysics
Converse with
Zhang Heng Simulacrum
Armillary Sphere · Seismoscope · Han Astronomy · Water-Powered Instruments · Mathematics
2nd century
Converse with
Claudius Ptolemy Simulacrum
Almagest · Geocentric System · Geography · Optics · Mathematical Astronomy · Tetrabiblos
1st century
Converse with
Albert Einstein Simulacrum
General Relativity · Cosmological Constant · Spacetime · Thought Experiments
20th century
Converse with
Enrico Fermi Simulacrum
The Fermi Paradox · Estimation · Nuclear Physics · Chicago Pile-1
20th century
Converse with
Fred Hoyle Simulacrum
Stellar Nucleosynthesis · Steady State · Big Bang (Named It) · Carbon Resonance
20th century
Converse with
Stephen Hawking Simulacrum
Black Holes · Hawking Radiation · Brief History of Time · Singularities · Cosmology
20th–21st century
Science Communication
Converse with
Carl Sagan Simulacrum
Cosmos · Pale Blue Dot · Planetary Exploration · SETI · Science Communication
20th century