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Welcome to Lesson 29 of the Arabic course for English speakers. This lesson focuses on the preposition من (min) meaning "from," one of the most versatile and frequently used prepositions in Arabic. You'll learn its various meanings including source, origin, composition, and partitive uses, as well as its role in comparative constructions and idiomatic expressions.
For a complete index of all lessons in this course, please visit: https://latinum.substack.com/p/index
FAQ Schema: Q: What does من mean in Arabic? A: من (min) is a preposition primarily meaning "from," indicating source, origin, or movement away. It also means "of" (partitive), "than" (comparison), "since" (time), and "made of" (material), making it one of Arabic's most multifunctional prepositions.
In this lesson, من (min) will appear in various grammatical constructions - indicating physical movement from places, temporal starting points, material composition, and abstract relationships. You'll encounter its use in comparisons, partitive expressions ("some of"), and numerous idiomatic phrases that are essential to natural Arabic expression.
Key Takeaways: -
من (min) primarily indicates source, origin, or departure point -
It forms comparative constructions with أفعل patterns -
Functions as partitive "some of" or "among" -
Indicates material composition ("made from") -
Combines with other particles for specialized meanings -
Essential in many Arabic idioms and fixed expressions
29.1a جاء (jāʾa) came من (min) from البيت (al-bayt) the-house
29.1b jāʾa (jaa-a) came min (min) from al-bayt (al-bayt) the-house
29.2a خرجت (kharajtu) I-exited من (min) from المدرسة (al-madrasah) the-school مبكراً (mubakkiran) early
29.2b kharajtu (kha-raj-tu) I-exited min (min) from al-madrasah (al-mad-ra-sah) the-school mubakkiran (mu-bak-ki-ran) early
29.3a هذا (hādhā) this الكتاب (al-kitāb) the-book من (min) from صديقي (ṣadīqī) my-friend
29.3b hādhā (haa-dhaa) this al-kitāb (al-ki-taab) the-book min (min) from ṣadīqī (ṣa-dee-qee) my-friend
29.4a أكبر (akbar) bigger منك (minka) than-you بـسنتين (bi-sanatain) by-two-years
29.4b akbar (ak-bar) bigger minka (min-ka) than-you bi-sanatain (bi-sa-na-tayn) by-two-years
29.5a واحد (wāḥid) one من (min) from الطلاب (aṭ-ṭullāb) the-students غائب (ghāʾib) absent
29.5b wāḥid (waa-ḥid) one min (min) from aṭ-ṭullāb (aṭ-ṭul-laab) the-students ghāʾib (ghaa-ib) absent
29.6a صنع (ṣuniʿa) was-made من (min) from الخشب (al-khashab) the-wood الصلب (aṣ-ṣulb) the-hard
29.6b ṣuniʿa (ṣu-ni-ʿa) was-made min (min) from al-khashab (al-kha-shab) the-wood aṣ-ṣulb (aṣ-ṣulb) the-hard
29.7a من (min) from الصباح (aṣ-ṣabāḥ) the-morning إلى (ilā) to المساء (al-masāʾ) the-evening
29.7b min (min) from aṣ-ṣabāḥ (aṣ-ṣa-baaḥ) the-morning ilā (i-laa) to al-masāʾ (al-ma-saa) the-evening
29.8a أخذت (akhadhtu) I-took قليلاً (qalīlan) little من (min) from الطعام (aṭ-ṭaʿām) the-food
29.8b akhadhtu (a-khadh-tu) I-took qalīlan (qa-lee-lan) little min (min) from aṭ-ṭaʿām (aṭ-ṭa-ʿaam) the-food
29.9a من (man) who منكم (minkum) from-you يعرف (yaʿrifu) knows الجواب (al-jawāb) the-answer
29.9b man (man) who minkum (min-kum) from-you yaʿrifu (yaʿ-ri-fu) knows al-jawāb (al-ja-waab) the-answer
29.10a قريب (qarīb) near من (min) from هنا (hunā) here محطة (maḥaṭṭah) station
29.10b qarīb (qa-reeb) near min (min) from hunā (hu-naa) here maḥaṭṭah (ma-ḥaṭ-ṭah) station
29.11a خائف (khāʾif) afraid من (min) from الظلام (aẓ-ẓalām) the-darkness الشديد (ash-shadīd) the-intense
29.11b khāʾif (khaa-if) afraid min (min) from aẓ-ẓalām (aẓ-ẓa-laam) the-darkness ash-shadīd (ash-sha-deed) the-intense
29.12a تعلمت (taʿallamtu) I-learned الكثير (al-kathīr) the-much من (min) from التجربة (at-tajribah) the-experience
29.12b taʿallamtu (ta-ʿal-lam-tu) I-learned al-kathīr (al-ka-theer) the-much min (min) from at-tajribah (at-taj-ri-bah) the-experience
29.13a ممنوع (mamnūʿ) forbidden من (min) from التدخين (at-tadkhīn) the-smoking هنا (hunā) here
29.13b mamnūʿ (mam-nooʿ) forbidden min (min) from at-tadkhīn (at-tad-kheen) the-smoking hunā (hu-naa) here
29.14a بدأ (badaʾa) began العمل (al-ʿamal) the-work من (min) from جديد (jadīd) new
29.14b badaʾa (ba-da-a) began al-ʿamal (al-ʿa-mal) the-work min (min) from jadīd (ja-deed) new
29.15a أفضل (afḍal) better من (min) than الأول (al-awwal) the-first بكثير (bi-kathīr) by-much
29.15b afḍal (af-ḍal) better min (min) than al-awwal (al-aw-wal) the-first bi-kathīr (bi-ka-theer) by-much
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29.1 جاء من البيت - He came from the house
29.2 خرجت من المدرسة مبكراً - I left school early
29.3 هذا الكتاب من صديقي - This book is from my friend
29.4 أكبر منك بسنتين - Older than you by two years
29.5 واحد من الطلاب غائب - One of the students is absent
29.6 صنع من الخشب الصلب - Made from hard wood
29.7 من الصباح إلى المساء - From morning to evening
29.8 أخذت قليلاً من الطعام - I took a little of the food
29.9 من منكم يعرف الجواب؟ - Who among you knows the answer?
29.10 قريب من هنا محطة - Near here is a station
29.11 خائف من الظلام الشديد - Afraid of intense darkness
29.12 تعلمت الكثير من التجربة - I learned a lot from experience
29.13 ممنوع من التدخين هنا - Smoking is forbidden here
29.14 بدأ العمل من جديد - He started work anew
29.15 أفضل من الأول بكثير - Much better than the first
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29.1 جاء من البيت
29.2 خرجت من المدرسة مبكراً
29.3 هذا الكتاب من صديقي
29.4 أكبر منك بسنتين
29.5 واحد من الطلاب غائب
29.6 صنع من الخشب الصلب
29.7 من الصباح إلى المساء
29.8 أخذت قليلاً من الطعام
29.9 من منكم يعرف الجواب؟
29.10 قريب من هنا محطة
29.11 خائف من الظلام الشديد
29.12 تعلمت الكثير من التجربة
29.13 ممنوع من التدخين هنا
29.14 بدأ العمل من جديد
29.15 أفضل من الأول بكثير
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Grammar Rules for من (min)
The preposition من (min) ranks among Arabic's most essential function words, with meanings far exceeding English "from." Its core sense of source or origin extends metaphorically to create diverse grammatical constructions. Understanding من requires recognizing its multiple roles rather than seeking a single translation.
Primary Functions: -
Source/Origin: جاء من مصر (jāʾa min Miṣr - "he came from Egypt") -
Partitive: بعض من الناس (baʿḍ min an-nās - "some of the people") -
Comparison: أكبر من (akbar min - "bigger than") -
Material: من ذهب (min dhahab - "of/from gold") -
Cause: من الخوف (min al-khawf - "from/out of fear") -
Time: من يومين (min yawmayn - "since two days ago")
Common Mistakes: -
Confusing من (min "from") with من (man "who") -
Forgetting من in comparatives - saying just أكبر instead of أكبر من -
Using إلى instead of من for origin -
Omitting من in partitive expressions -
Not recognizing idiomatic uses that differ from English
Step-by-Step Guide for Usage: -
For physical movement: verb + من + place of origin -
For comparisons: comparative adjective + من + compared item -
For partitives: quantity word + من + definite noun -
For materials: made/consisting + من + material -
For time spans: من + start time + إلى + end time
Comparison with English: While English uses different prepositions for various functions ("from," "of," "than," "since"), Arabic uses من for all these meanings. English partitive "some students" becomes "some from the students" in Arabic. The comparative structure differs completely: English places "than" after the compared item, while Arabic integrates من directly after the comparative adjective.
Idiomatic Expressions with من: -
من فضلك (min faḍlik - "please," literally "from your favor") -
من جديد (min jadīd - "anew," literally "from new") -
من قبل (min qabl - "before," literally "from before") -
من بعد (min baʿd - "after," literally "from after")
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The preposition من (min) permeates Arabic cultural expressions, reflecting deep-rooted concepts of origin, identity, and belonging. In Arab society, one's origin (أصل aṣl) carries immense social significance, and the question "من أين أنت؟" (min ayna anta - "where are you from?") often opens conversations, establishing tribal, regional, or familial connections that shape social interactions.
Classical Arabic poetry frequently employs من in expressions of longing and separation. The pre-Islamic tradition of weeping over abandoned campsites uses من to trace journeys: "من الديار" (min ad-diyār - "from the dwellings"). This poetic convention influenced centuries of Arabic literature, where من connects the poet to lost homes and departed beloved ones.
In Islamic contexts, من appears in fundamental religious phrases. "من الله وإلى الله" (min Allah wa-ilā Allah - "from God and to God") expresses the Islamic worldview of divine origin and return. The Quranic phrase "من الشيطان الرجيم" (min ash-shayṭān ar-rajīm - "from Satan the accursed") in the seeking refuge formula demonstrates من's protective function, creating distance from evil.
The hospitality formula "من عيوني" (min ʿuyūnī - "from my eyes") when offering something represents the cultural extreme of generosity, suggesting one would give even their eyes to serve a guest. Similarly, "من قلبي" (min qalbī - "from my heart") emphasizes sincerity in offers or statements.
Modern Arabic maintains these cultural uses while adding new ones. "من زمان" (min zamān - "from long ago") expresses nostalgia for past times, particularly in Egyptian dialect. The phrase "من جد" (min jidd - "seriously," literally "from seriousness") shows how من creates adverbial expressions that color contemporary communication.
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From the Muʿallaqah of Imruʾ al-Qays (المعلقة لامرئ القيس):
"قفا نبك من ذكرى حبيب ومنزل بسقط اللوى بين الدخول فحومل. فتوضح فالمقراة لم يعف رسمها لما نسجتها من جنوب وشمأل. ترى بعر الأرآم في عرصاتها وقيعانها كأنه حب فلفل."
Part F-A (Interleaved Construed Text)
F-A1 قفا (qifā) stop-you-two نبك (nabki) let-us-weep من (min) from
F-A2 ذكرى (dhikrā) memory حبيب (ḥabīb) beloved ومنزل (wa-manzil) and-dwelling
F-A3 بسقط (bi-siqṭ) at-curve اللوى (al-liwā) the-sand-dune بين (bayna) between
F-A4 الدخول (ad-Dakhūl) ad-Dakhul فحومل (fa-Ḥawmal) and-Hawmal
F-A5 فتوضح (fa-Tawḍiḥ) and-Tawdih فالمقراة (fa-l-Miqrāh) and-al-Miqrah لم (lam) not
F-A6 يعف (yaʿfu) erased رسمها (rasmuhā) its-traces لما (limā) from-what
F-A7 نسجتها (nasajathā) wove-it من (min) from جنوب (janūb) south-wind
F-A8 وشمأل (wa-shamʾal) and-north-wind ترى (tarā) you-see بعر (baʿr) droppings
F-A9 الأرآم (al-arʾām) the-white-deer في (fī) in عرصاتها (ʿaraṣātihā) its-courtyards
F-A10 وقيعانها (wa-qīʿānihā) and-its-hollows كأنه (ka-annahu) as-if-it حب (ḥabb) seeds فلفل (fulful) pepper
Part F-B (Original Arabic with English Translation)
قفا نبك من ذكرى حبيب ومنزل بسقط اللوى بين الدخول فحومل. فتوضح فالمقراة لم يعف رسمها لما نسجتها من جنوب وشمأل.
Stop, let us weep from the memory of a beloved and a dwelling at the curve of the sand dune between ad-Dakhul and Hawmal, and Tawdih and al-Miqrah, whose traces have not been erased by what the south and north winds have woven over them.
Part F-C (Arabic Text Only)
قفا نبك من ذكرى حبيب ومنزل بسقط اللوى بين الدخول فحومل. فتوضح فالمقراة لم يعف رسمها لما نسجتها من جنوب وشمأل.
Part F-D (Literary Analysis)
This opening of the most famous pre-Islamic Arabic poem demonstrates من in its causal sense - "weeping from memory." The construction "نبك من ذكرى" (nabki min dhikrā) shows how من indicates the source of emotion, a pattern that continues throughout Arabic poetry. The poet weeps not at the memory but from it, as if memory itself generates tears.
The second use, "من جنوب وشمأل" (min janūb wa-shamʾal - "from south and north winds"), employs من to indicate agency in passive constructions. The winds act as weavers, with من marking them as the source of the action that threatens to erase the beloved's traces. This meteorological imagery using من became a template for describing time's passage in Arabic literature.
The classical Arabic maintains the full form of من even in poetry, where meter might allow elision. This preservation emphasizes the preposition's structural importance in conveying the poem's central theme: the relationship between present observation and past memory, mediated through the traces (رسم rasm) that survive من (from) the forces of erasure.
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Part A (Interlinear Glossing)
29.16a خذ (khudh) take كوبين (kūbayn) two-cups من (min) from الدقيق (ad-daqīq) the-flour المنخول (al-mankhūl) the-sifted
29.16b khudh (khudh) take kūbayn (koo-bayn) two-cups min (min) from ad-daqīq (ad-da-qeeq) the-flour al-mankhūl (al-man-khool) the-sifted
29.17a أضف (aḍif) add ملعقة (milʿaqah) spoon من (min) from الملح (al-milḥ) the-salt الناعم (an-nāʿim) the-fine
29.17b aḍif (a-ḍif) add milʿaqah (mil-ʿa-qah) spoon min (min) from al-milḥ (al-milḥ) the-salt an-nāʿim (an-naa-ʿim) the-fine
29.18a اخلط (ikhliṭ) mix المكونات (al-muqawwimāt) the-ingredients من (min) from الأسفل (al-asfal) the-bottom للأعلى (li-l-aʿlā) to-the-top
29.18b ikhliṭ (ikh-liṭ) mix al-muqawwimāt (al-mu-qaw-wi-maat) the-ingredients min (min) from al-asfal (al-as-fal) the-bottom li-l-aʿlā (lil-aʿ-laa) to-the-top
29.19a اسكب (uskub) pour قليلاً (qalīlan) little من (min) from الماء (al-māʾ) the-water الدافئ (ad-dāfiʾ) the-warm
29.19b uskub (us-kub) pour qalīlan (qa-lee-lan) little min (min) from al-māʾ (al-maa) the-water ad-dāfiʾ (ad-daa-fi) the-warm
29.20a اعجن (iʿjin) knead من (min) from خمس (khams) five إلى (ilā) to عشر (ʿashr) ten دقائق (daqāʾiq) minutes
29.20b iʿjin (iʿ-jin) knead min (min) from khams (khams) five ilā (i-laa) to ʿashr (ʿashr) ten daqāʾiq (da-qaa-iq) minutes
29.21a غطِّ (ghaṭṭi) cover العجينة (al-ʿajīnah) the-dough واتركها (wa-trukhā) and-leave-it من (min) from ساعة (sāʿah) hour لساعتين (li-sāʿatayn) to-two-hours
29.21b ghaṭṭi (ghaṭ-ṭi) cover al-ʿajīnah (al-ʿa-jee-nah) the-dough wa-trukhā (wat-ruk-haa) and-leave-it min (min) from sāʿah (saa-ʿah) hour li-sāʿatayn (li-saa-ʿa-tayn) to-two-hours
29.22a اقطع (iqṭaʿ) cut قطعاً (qiṭaʿan) pieces من (min) from العجين (al-ʿajīn) the-dough المختمر (al-mukhtamir) the-fermented
29.22b iqṭaʿ (iq-ṭaʿ) cut qiṭaʿan (qi-ṭa-ʿan) pieces min (min) from al-ʿajīn (al-ʿa-jeen) the-dough al-mukhtamir (al-mukh-ta-mir) the-fermented
29.23a اخبز (ikhbiz) bake من (min) from عشرين (ʿishrīn) twenty إلى (ilā) to ثلاثين (thalāthīn) thirty دقيقة (daqīqah) minute
29.23b ikhbiz (ikh-biz) bake min (min) from ʿishrīn (ʿish-reen) twenty ilā (i-laa) to thalāthīn (tha-laa-theen) thirty daqīqah (da-qee-qah) minute
29.24a أخرج (akhrij) remove الخبز (al-khubz) the-bread من (min) from الفرن (al-furn) the-oven بحذر (bi-ḥadhar) with-care
29.24b akhrij (akh-rij) remove al-khubz (al-khubz) the-bread min (min) from al-furn (al-furn) the-oven bi-ḥadhar (bi-ḥa-dhar) with-care
29.25a اتركه (utrukhu) leave-it يبرد (yabrud) cools من (min) from خمس (khams) five دقائق (daqāʾiq) minutes
29.25b utrukhu (ut-ruk-hu) leave-it yabrud (yab-rud) cools min (min) from khams (khams) five daqāʾiq (da-qaa-iq) minutes
29.26a قدم (qaddim) serve من (min) from طبق (ṭabaq) plate خشبي (khashabī) wooden جميل (jamīl) beautiful
29.26b qaddim (qad-dim) serve min (min) from ṭabaq (ṭa-baq) plate khashabī (kha-sha-bee) wooden jamīl (ja-meel) beautiful
29.27a احفظ (iḥfaẓ) preserve الباقي (al-bāqī) the-remainder من (min) from الخبز (al-khubz) the-bread للغد (li-l-ghad) for-tomorrow
29.27b iḥfaẓ (iḥ-faẓ) preserve al-bāqī (al-baa-qee) the-remainder min (min) from al-khubz (al-khubz) the-bread li-l-ghad (lil-ghad) for-tomorrow
29.28a استخدم (istakhdim) use دقيقاً (daqīqan) flour من (min) from القمح (al-qamḥ) the-wheat الكامل (al-kāmil) the-whole
29.28b istakhdim (is-takh-dim) use daqīqan (da-qee-qan) flour min (min) from al-qamḥ (al-qamḥ) the-wheat al-kāmil (al-kaa-mil) the-whole
29.29a أحضر (aḥḍir) bring المقادير (al-maqādīr) the-ingredients من (min) from السوق (as-sūq) the-market الطازجة (aṭ-ṭāzajah) the-fresh
29.29b aḥḍir (aḥ-ḍir) bring al-maqādīr (al-ma-qaa-deer) the-ingredients min (min) from as-sūq (as-sooq) the-market aṭ-ṭāzajah (aṭ-ṭaa-za-jah) the-fresh
29.30a ابدأ (ibdaʾ) begin من (min) from الآن (al-ān) the-now واستمتع (wa-stamtiʿ) and-enjoy بالطبخ (bi-ṭ-ṭabkh) with-the-cooking
29.30b ibdaʾ (ib-da) begin min (min) from al-ān (al-aan) the-now wa-stamtiʿ (was-tam-tiʿ) and-enjoy bi-ṭ-ṭabkh (biṭ-ṭabkh) with-the-cooking
Part B (Natural Arabic with English Translation)
29.16 خذ كوبين من الدقيق المنخول - Take two cups of sifted flour
29.17 أضف ملعقة من الملح الناعم - Add a spoon of fine salt
29.18 اخلط المكونات من الأسفل للأعلى - Mix the ingredients from bottom to top
29.19 اسكب قليلاً من الماء الدافئ - Pour a little warm water
29.20 اعجن من خمس إلى عشر دقائق - Knead for five to ten minutes
29.21 غطِّ العجينة واتركها من ساعة لساعتين - Cover the dough and leave it for one to two hours
29.22 اقطع قطعاً من العجين المختمر - Cut pieces from the fermented dough
29.23 اخبز من عشرين إلى ثلاثين دقيقة - Bake for twenty to thirty minutes
29.24 أخرج الخبز من الفرن بحذر - Remove the bread from the oven carefully
29.25 اتركه يبرد من خمس دقائق - Let it cool for five minutes
29.26 قدم من طبق خشبي جميل - Serve from a beautiful wooden plate
29.27 احفظ الباقي من الخبز للغد - Save the rest of the bread for tomorrow
29.28 استخدم دقيقاً من القمح الكامل - Use flour from whole wheat
29.29 أحضر المقادير من السوق الطازجة - Bring the ingredients from the fresh market
29.30 ابدأ من الآن واستمتع بالطبخ - Start now and enjoy cooking
Part C (Arabic Text Only)
29.16 خذ كوبين من الدقيق المنخول
29.17 أضف ملعقة من الملح الناعم
29.18 اخلط المكونات من الأسفل للأعلى
29.19 اسكب قليلاً من الماء الدافئ
29.20 اعجن من خمس إلى عشر دقائق
29.21 غطِّ العجينة واتركها من ساعة لساعتين
29.22 اقطع قطعاً من العجين المختمر
29.23 اخبز من عشرين إلى ثلاثين دقيقة
29.24 أخرج الخبز من الفرن بحذر
29.25 اتركه يبرد من خمس دقائق
29.26 قدم من طبق خشبي جميل
29.27 احفظ الباقي من الخبز للغد
29.28 استخدم دقيقاً من القمح الكامل
29.29 أحضر المقادير من السوق الطازجة
29.30 ابدأ من الآن واستمتع بالطبخ
Part D (Grammar Notes for Recipe Context)
In culinary Arabic, من serves essential measurement and instruction functions. The partitive use dominates recipe language: "كوب من" (kūb min - "a cup of"), "ملعقة من" (milʿaqah min - "a spoon of"). This construction precisely specifies quantities while maintaining Arabic's preference for definite nouns after من.
Time ranges in cooking instructions consistently use the من...إلى structure: "من عشرين إلى ثلاثين دقيقة" (from twenty to thirty minutes). This parallel construction appears more frequently in recipes than in general Arabic, providing flexibility for varying cooking conditions. The imperative verbs that begin each instruction create a rhythmic pattern with من phrases.
The directive "من الأسفل للأعلى" (from bottom to top) exemplifies how Arabic cooking terminology uses من for directional movement in food preparation. Modern recipe Arabic has adopted this systematic use of من to translate international cooking methods while maintaining classical Arabic structure. The preposition links ingredients to their sources: "من القمح الكامل" (from whole wheat), emphasizing quality and origin in contemporary healthy cooking discourse.
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The preposition من (min) consists of two letters: mīm (م) and nūn (ن). The mīm produces a standard "m" sound, while the nūn creates an "n" sound. Together, they form a single syllable pronounced like "min" in English "mint," but with a lighter, shorter vowel.
When من appears before the definite article ال (al-), speakers often assimilate the nūn slightly, though it remains audible. Before sun letters (letters that assimilate the "l" of the article), the pronunciation flows smoothly: من الشمس (min ash-shams) sounds like "minash-shams" in rapid speech.
With attached pronouns, من maintains its form but connects directly: -
منك (minka) - "from you" (masculine) -
منها (minhā) - "from her/it" -
منهم (minhum) - "from them"
Regional variations affect pronunciation minimally. Egyptian Arabic sometimes reduces the vowel to a schwa sound, making it sound closer to "mən." Gulf dialects preserve the clear "i" sound. In Levantine Arabic, speakers might extend the vowel slightly in emphasis: "miiiin" when asking "from where?"
Classical recitation and formal Arabic maintain crisp articulation of both consonants. The nūn should touch the ridge behind the upper teeth, while the mīm requires complete lip closure. This precision distinguishes من (min - "from") from َمن (man - "who"), where the fatha vowel creates "man."
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