← Latin for Biologists and Gardeners — Botanical Latin
6.16 Folium the leaf morbidum diseased ad to medicāmentum treatment nōn not respondet. responds.
6.17 Īnfectiō the infection fungōsa fungal in in āridīs dry condiciōnibus conditions nōn not serpit. spreads.
6.18 Vīrus the virus extrā outside hospitem the host nōn not supervīvit. survives.
6.19 Colōnia the colony bacteriālis bacterial ad at īnfimās low temperātūrās temperatures nōn not crēscit. grows.
6.20 Pathogenum the pathogen sānum healthy textum tissue nōn not penetrat. penetrates.
6.21 Fungus the fungus rūbīginōsus rust varietātēs varieties resistentēs resistant nōn not afficit. affects.
6.22 Tābēs the blight in in curātīs treated locīs places nōn not prōgreditur. progresses.
6.23 Rādīx the root īnfecta infected aquam water nōn not trānsportat. transports.
6.24 Morbus the disease sine without certīs specific condiciōnibus conditions nōn not manifestātur. manifests.
6.25 Laesiō the lesion sine without interventiōne intervention nōn not sānēscit. heals.
6.26 Symptōmata the symptoms statim immediately nōn not appārent. appear.
6.27 Sporae the spores in in sterilī sterile solō soil nōn not germinant. germinate.
6.28 Īnfectiō the infection sine without vectōribus vectors nōn not accidit. occurs.
6.29 Resistentia the resistance sine without pressiōne pressure sēlectīvā selective nōn not ēvolvitur. develops.
6.30 Curātiō the treatment post after amplum extensive damnum damage nōn not efficit. works.
7.1 In cortice hīc mūscus viridis crēscit. On the bark this green moss grows.
7.2 Annulōs trecentōs haec quercus habet. This oak has three hundred rings.
7.3 Dīligenter hōc specimen in herbāriō cōnservō. I carefully preserve this specimen in the herbarium.
7.4 Sub microscopiō hunc fungum botanicus exāminat. Under the microscope the botanist examines this fungus.
7.5 Cotīdiē hanc orchideam hortulānus cūrat. Daily the gardener tends this orchid.
7.6 Sporae huius fungī rotundae sunt. The spores of this fungus are round.
7.7 Huic plantae nūtrīmentum novum addō. I add new nutrient to this plant.
7.8 In vāse hī bulbī germinant. In the pot these bulbs germinate.
7.9 Pulchrē hae algae sub aquā natant. These algae float beautifully under water.
7.10 Per microscopium haec bactēria videntur. Through the microscope these bacteria are seen.
7.11 Attentē hōs līchēnēs studiōsī observant. The students carefully observe these lichens.
7.12 Ad experīmentum hās cellulās sēparāmus. For the experiment we separate these cells.
7.13 Ex hīs foliīs pigmenta extrahō. From these leaves I extract pigments.
7.14 Rādīcēs huius fīlicis profundae sunt. The roots of this fern are deep.
7.15 Analysis hōrum speciminum accūrāta est. The analysis of these specimens is accurate.
7.1 In cortice hīc mūscus viridis crēscit.
7.2 Annulōs trecentōs haec quercus habet.
7.3 Dīligenter hōc specimen in herbāriō cōnservō.
7.4 Sub microscopiō hunc fungum botanicus exāminat.
7.5 Cotīdiē hanc orchideam hortulānus cūrat.
7.6 Sporae huius fungī rotundae sunt.
7.7 Huic plantae nūtrīmentum novum addō.
7.8 In vāse hī bulbī germinant.
7.9 Pulchrē hae algae sub aquā natant.
7.10 Per microscopium haec bactēria videntur.
7.11 Attentē hōs līchēnēs studiōsī observant.
7.12 Ad experīmentum hās cellulās sēparāmus.
7.13 Ex hīs foliīs pigmenta extrahō.
7.14 Rādīcēs huius fīlicis profundae sunt.
7.15 Analysis hōrum speciminum accūrāta est.
✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾
The demonstrative adjective/pronoun "hīc, haec, hōc" shows the following forms:
Singular: -
Masculine: hīc, huius, huic, hunc, hōc -
Feminine: haec, huius, huic, hanc, hāc -
Neuter: hōc, huius, huic, hōc, hōc
Plural: -
Masculine: hī, hōrum, hīs, hōs, hīs -
Feminine: hae, hārum, hīs, hās, hīs -
Neuter: haec, hōrum, hīs, haec, hīs
Common biological contexts include: -
Specimen description: "hīc mūscus" (this moss) -
Method indication: "hāc methodō" (by this method) -
Reference to structures: "hae cellulae" (these cells) -
Collection data: "ex hīs locīs" (from these places)
In modern scientific Latin, "hīc, haec, hōc" appears frequently in: -
Taxonomic Descriptions -
"Hōc genus ā congeneribus differt..." (This genus differs from its congeners...) -
"Haec speciēs nova..." (This new species...) -
Laboratory Protocols -
"Hāc temperātūrā..." (At this temperature...) -
"Hōc modō procēdimus..." (We proceed in this way...) -
Anatomical Descriptions -
"Hae strūctūrae microscopicae..." (These microscopic structures...) -
"Hōc in stratō cellulārum..." (In this layer of cells...)
7.1 In on cortice the bark hīc this mūscus moss viridis green crēscit. grows.
7.2 Annulōs rings trecentōs three hundred haec this quercus oak habet. has.
7.3 Dīligenter carefully hōc this specimen specimen in in herbāriō the herbarium cōnservō. I preserve.
7.4 Sub under microscopiō the microscope hunc this fungum fungus botanicus the botanist exāminat. examines.
7.5 Cotīdiē daily hanc this orchideam orchid hortulānus the gardener cūrat. tends.
7.6 Sporae the spores huius of this fungī fungus rotundae round sunt. are.
7.7 Huic to this plantae plant nūtrīmentum nutrient novum new addō. I add.
7.8 In in vāse the pot hī these bulbī bulbs germinant. germinate.
7.9 Pulchrē beautifully hae these algae algae sub under aquā water natant. float.
7.10 Per through microscopium the microscope haec these bactēria bacteria videntur. are seen.
7.11 Attentē carefully hōs these līchēnēs lichens studiōsī the students observant. observe.
7.12 Ad for experīmentum the experiment hās these cellulās cells sēparāmus. we separate.
7.13 Ex from hīs these foliīs leaves pigmenta pigments extrahō. I extract.
7.14 Rādīcēs the roots huius of this fīlicis fern profundae deep sunt. are.
7.15 Analysis the analysis hōrum of these speciminum specimens accūrāta accurate est. is.
Hārum plantārum anatomia et oeconomia simplicissima est. The anatomy and organization of these plants is very simple.
Linnaeus uses the genitive plural feminine "hārum" to refer back to previously discussed plants (likely cryptogams). His precise use of demonstratives helps create clear taxonomic descriptions.
-
"Hārum" feminine genitive plural agreeing with "plantārum" -
"Anatomia" and "oeconomia" feminine nominative singular subjects -
"Simplicissima" feminine nominative singular superlative adjective -
Word order emphasizes the possessive relationship
✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾
7.16 In in vitrō dish hōc this cultūram culture bactēriārum of bacteria incubāmus we incubate
7.17 Sub under lente lens hunc this prōcessum process mitōsis of mitosis observāre to observe possumus we are able
7.18 Per through membrānam membrane hanc this solūtiōnem solution fīltrāmus we filter
7.19 Temperātūram temperature huius of this mediī medium ad to trīgintā thirty gradūs degrees augēmus we increase
7.20 Hōc with this īnstrumentō instrument cellulās cells vīvās living numerāmus we count
7.21 Microscopium microscope electroncium electron hās these strūctūrās structures minūtās minute revelat reveals
7.22 Ex from hīs these tissūīs tissues DNA DNA extrahere to extract temptāmus we attempt
7.23 Colōniārum of colonies hārum of these diametrum diameter metīmur we measure
7.24 Analysis analysis chrōmatographica chromatographic haec these pigmenta pigments sēparat separates
7.25 Studiōsus the student hunc this errōrem error systemāticum systematic corrigit corrects
7.26 Post after centrīfugātiōnem centrifugation hōc this sēdimentum sediment exāmināmus we examine
7.27 Praecīsē precisely hās these mēnsūrātiōnēs measurements in in tabulā table notāmus we note
7.28 Huic to this spectrō spectrum maximum maximum absōrptiōnis of absorption respondēre to correspond vidētur seems
7.29 Hōrum of these resultātōrum results significātiōnem significance statisticam statistical computāmus we compute
7.30 Ex from hīs these datīs data conclūsiōnem conclusion validam valid dēdūcimus we deduce
✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾
✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾
7.16 In vitrō hōc cultūram bactēriārum incubāmus. In this dish we incubate the bacterial culture.
7.17 Sub lente hunc prōcessum mitōsis observāre possumus. Under the lens we can observe this process of mitosis.
7.18 Per membrānam hanc solūtiōnem fīltrāmus. Through the membrane we filter this solution.
7.19 Temperātūram huius mediī ad trīgintā gradūs augēmus. We increase the temperature of this medium to thirty degrees.
7.20 Hōc īnstrumentō cellulās vīvās numerāmus. With this instrument we count the living cells.
7.21 Microscopium electroncium hās strūctūrās minūtās revelat. The electron microscope reveals these minute structures.
7.22 Ex hīs tissūīs DNA extrahere temptāmus. We attempt to extract DNA from these tissues.
7.23 Colōniārum hārum diametrum metīmur. We measure the diameter of these colonies.
7.24 Analysis chrōmatographica haec pigmenta sēparat. Chromatographic analysis separates these pigments.
7.25 Studiōsus hunc errōrem systemāticum corrigit. The student corrects this systematic error.
7.26 Post centrīfugātiōnem hōc sēdimentum exāmināmus. After centrifugation we examine this sediment.
7.27 Praecīsē hās mēnsūrātiōnēs in tabulā notāmus. We precisely note these measurements in the table.
7.28 Huic spectrō maximum absōrptiōnis respondēre vidētur. The absorption maximum seems to correspond to this spectrum.
7.29 Hōrum resultātōrum significātiōnem statisticam computāmus. We compute the statistical significance of these results.
7.30 Ex hīs datīs conclūsiōnem validam dēdūcimus. From these data we deduce a valid conclusion.
7.16 In vitrō hōc cultūram bactēriārum incubāmus.
7.17 Sub lente hunc prōcessum mitōsis observāre possumus.
7.18 Per membrānam hanc solūtiōnem fīltrāmus.
7.19 Temperātūram huius mediī ad trīgintā gradūs augēmus.
7.20 Hōc īnstrumentō cellulās vīvās numerāmus.
7.21 Microscopium electroncium hās strūctūrās minūtās revelat.
7.22 Ex hīs tissūīs DNA extrahere temptāmus.
7.23 Colōniārum hārum diametrum metīmur.
7.24 Analysis chrōmatographica haec pigmenta sēparat.
7.25 Studiōsus hunc errōrem systemāticum corrigit.
7.26 Post centrīfugātiōnem hōc sēdimentum exāmināmus.
7.27 Praecīsē hās mēnsūrātiōnēs in tabulā notāmus.
7.28 Huic spectrō maximum absōrptiōnis respondēre vidētur.
7.29 Hōrum resultātōrum significātiōnem statisticam computāmus.
7.30 Ex hīs datīs conclūsiōnem validam dēdūcimus.
Special attention to macrons in scientific terminology: -
Biological Terms: -
First declension nouns: cellula, cellulae (nom. pl.) -
Second declension nouns: speciēs, speciērum -
Third declension nouns: rādīx, rādīcis -
Fourth declension nouns: prōcessus, prōcessūs -
Fifth declension nouns: speciēs, speciēī -
Laboratory Vocabulary: -
Instruments: microscopium, ī n. -
Measurements: mēnsūra, ae f. -
Procedures: fīltrātiō, ōnis f. -
Observations: observātiō, ōnis f. -
Common Scientific Suffixes: -
-ātus, -āta, -ātum (participial endings) -
-ōsus, -ōsa, -ōsum (full of) -
-ālis, -āle (pertaining to) -
-āris, -āre (belonging to) -
Technical Compounds: -
chrōmatographia, ae f. -
spectrophotometria, ae f. -
centrīfugātiō, ōnis f.
✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾
---