← Latinum Institute Ecclesiastical Latin Reading Course
Lesson Index: Latinum Institute Course Index
The Latin word heri (Ecclesiastical: /ˈɛ.ri/) means “yesterday” and appears with profound theological significance throughout Catholic Scripture, liturgy, and patristic literature. Unlike English where “yesterday” functions as a noun, Latin heri is an indeclinable temporal adverb—it never changes form regardless of its grammatical context.
The most famous occurrence in Ecclesiastical Latin comes from Hebrews 13:8: Iesus Christus heri et hodie ipse et in saecula—”Jesus Christ, yesterday and today, the same also unto the ages.” This verse crystallizes the Church’s teaching on Christ’s eternal immutability, making heri not merely a marker of temporal reference but a theological term expressing the continuity of divine presence across all time.
The ‘h’ in Ecclesiastical Latin is silent following Italianate pronunciation norms adopted universally by the Roman Church since Pope Pius X’s 1912 directive. Thus heri sounds like “EH-ree” rather than Classical Latin’s aspirated “HEH-ree.”
Related to heri is the adjective hesternus, -a, -um (of yesterday, pertaining to the day before), which Saint Augustine employs alongside heri in his sermons to create temporal emphasis. The complete temporal network in Latin places heri (yesterday) before hodiē (today) before crās (tomorrow).
FAQ: What does heri mean in Ecclesiastical Latin?
A: Heri is the Latin adverb meaning “yesterday.” In Catholic theological usage, it carries special weight in Hebrews 13:8, affirming Christ’s unchanging nature across past, present, and future.
Key Takeaways: -
Heri is an indeclinable adverb meaning “yesterday” -
Ecclesiastical pronunciation: /ˈɛ.ri/ (silent ‘h’) -
Most significant usage: Hebrews 13:8 — Christ’s eternal sameness -
Related adjective: hesternus, -a, -um (of yesterday) -
Temporal system: heri (yesterday) — hodiē (today) — crās (tomorrow)
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Duplex Method Format:
Line a: Latin word + English gloss (direct script comprehension)
Line b: Latin word + (IPA pronunciation) + English gloss (phonetic guidance)
1.1a Heri yesterday oravimus we-prayed
1.1b Heri (/ˈɛ.ri/) yesterday oravimus (/o.ˈra.vi.mus/) we-prayed
1.2a Christus Christ heri yesterday venit came
1.2b Christus (/ˈkris.tus/) Christ heri (/ˈɛ.ri/) yesterday venit (/ˈve.nit/) came
1.3a Heri yesterday Missam Mass-ACC audivimus we-heard
1.3b Heri (/ˈɛ.ri/) yesterday Missam (/ˈmis.sam/) Mass-ACC audivimus (/au.ˈdi.vi.mus/) we-heard
1.4a Fratres brothers-NOM heri yesterday ieiunaverunt fasted
1.4b Fratres (/ˈfra.tres/) brothers-NOM heri (/ˈɛ.ri/) yesterday ieiunaverunt (/je.ju.na.ˈve.runt/) fasted
1.5a Ab from heri yesterday laboravi I-labored
1.5b Ab (/ab/) from heri (/ˈɛ.ri/) yesterday laboravi (/la.bo.ˈra.vi/) I-labored
1.6a Qui who-NOM adfuistis were-present heri yesterday recordamini remember hodie today
1.6b Qui (/kwi/) who-NOM adfuistis (/ad.fu.ˈis.tis/) were-present heri (/ˈɛ.ri/) yesterday recordamini (/re.kor.ˈda.mi.ni/) remember hodie (/ˈo.di.e/) today
1.7a Iesus Jesus Christus Christ heri yesterday et and hodie today ipse himself
1.7b Iesus (/ˈje.sus/) Jesus Christus (/ˈkris.tus/) Christ heri (/ˈɛ.ri/) yesterday et (/et/) and hodie (/ˈo.di.e/) today ipse (/ˈip.se/) himself
1.8a Hesterno yesterday’s-ABL die day-ABL peccator sinner-NOM conversus converted est is
1.8b Hesterno (/es.ˈter.no/) yesterday’s-ABL die (/ˈdi.e/) day-ABL peccator (/pek.ˈka.tor/) sinner-NOM conversus (/kon.ˈver.sus/) converted est (/est/) is
1.9a Verbum Word-NOM Dei of-God heri yesterday lectum read est was in in ecclesia church-ABL
1.9b Verbum (/ˈver.bum/) Word-NOM Dei (/ˈde.i/) of-God heri (/ˈɛ.ri/) yesterday lectum (/ˈlek.tum/) read est (/est/) was in (/in/) in ecclesia (/ek.ˈkle.si.a/) church-ABL
1.10a Sacerdos priest-NOM heri yesterday Eucharistiam Eucharist-ACC celebravit celebrated et and hodie today iterum again celebrat celebrates
1.10b Sacerdos (/sa.ˈtʃer.dos/) priest-NOM heri (/ˈɛ.ri/) yesterday Eucharistiam (/eu.ka.ˈris.ti.am/) Eucharist-ACC celebravit (/tʃe.le.ˈbra.vit/) celebrated et (/et/) and hodie (/ˈo.di.e/) today iterum (/ˈi.te.rum/) again celebrat (/ˈtʃe.le.brat/) celebrates
1.11a Quod what heri yesterday fecisti you-did confitere confess hodie today
1.11b Quod (/kwod/) what heri (/ˈɛ.ri/) yesterday fecisti (/fe.ˈtʃis.ti/) you-did confitere (/kon.fi.ˈte.re/) confess hodie (/ˈo.di.e/) today
1.12a Gratia grace-NOM Christi of-Christ heri yesterday et and hodie today et and in into saecula ages-ACC manet remains
1.12b Gratia (/ˈɡra.tsi.a/) grace-NOM Christi (/ˈkris.ti/) of-Christ heri (/ˈɛ.ri/) yesterday et (/et/) and hodie (/ˈo.di.e/) today et (/et/) and in (/in/) into saecula (/ˈse.ku.la/) ages-ACC manet (/ˈma.net/) remains
1.13a Ut that heri yesterday ieiunus fasting-NOM tanta so-great-things agere to-do possem I-could orationes prayers-NOM sancti of-Saint Stephani Stephen praestiterunt provided
1.13b Ut (/ut/) that heri (/ˈɛ.ri/) yesterday ieiunus (/je.ˈju.nus/) fasting-NOM tanta (/ˈtan.ta/) so-great-things agere (/ˈa.dʒe.re/) to-do possem (/ˈpos.sem/) I-could orationes (/o.ra.tsi.ˈo.nes/) prayers-NOM sancti (/ˈsaŋk.ti/) of-Saint Stephani (/ˈste.fa.ni/) Stephen praestiterunt (/pres.ti.ˈte.runt/) provided
1.14a Dominus Lord-NOM qui who heri yesterday sanavit healed aegrotum sick-man-ACC hodie today etiam also sanat heals
1.14b Dominus (/ˈdo.mi.nus/) Lord-NOM qui (/kwi/) who heri (/ˈɛ.ri/) yesterday sanavit (/sa.ˈna.vit/) healed aegrotum (/e.ˈɡro.tum/) sick-man-ACC hodie (/ˈo.di.e/) today etiam (/ˈe.tsi.am/) also sanat (/ˈsa.nat/) heals
1.15a Et both hesterno yesterday’s-ABL die day-ABL et and hodie today loquente speaking-ABL Domino Lord-ABL nostro our-ABL Iesu Jesus-ABL Christo Christ-ABL parabolas parables-ACC seminantis of-sower-GEN audivimus we-heard
1.15b Et (/et/) both hesterno (/es.ˈter.no/) yesterday’s-ABL die (/ˈdi.e/) day-ABL et (/et/) and hodie (/ˈo.di.e/) today loquente (/lo.ˈkwen.te/) speaking-ABL Domino (/ˈdo.mi.no/) Lord-ABL nostro (/ˈnos.tro/) our-ABL Iesu (/ˈje.su/) Jesus-ABL Christo (/ˈkris.to/) Christ-ABL parabolas (/pa.ˈra.bo.las/) parables-ACC seminantis (/se.mi.ˈnan.tis/) of-sower-GEN audivimus (/au.ˈdi.vi.mus/) we-heard
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1.1 Heri oravimus. “Yesterday we prayed.”
1.2 Christus heri venit. “Christ came yesterday.”
1.3 Heri Missam audivimus. “Yesterday we heard Mass.”
1.4 Fratres heri ieiunaverunt. “The brothers fasted yesterday.”
1.5 Ab heri laboravi. “I have labored since yesterday.”
1.6 Qui adfuistis heri, recordamini hodie. “You who were present yesterday, remember today.”
1.7 Iesus Christus heri et hodie ipse. “Jesus Christ, yesterday and today, the same.”
1.8 Hesterno die peccator conversus est. “On yesterday the sinner was converted.”
1.9 Verbum Dei heri lectum est in ecclesia. “The Word of God was read yesterday in church.”
1.10 Sacerdos heri Eucharistiam celebravit et hodie iterum celebrat. “The priest celebrated the Eucharist yesterday and celebrates again today.”
1.11 Quod heri fecisti, confitere hodie. “What you did yesterday, confess today.”
1.12 Gratia Christi heri et hodie et in saecula manet. “The grace of Christ remains yesterday and today and unto the ages.”
1.13 Ut heri ieiunus tanta agere possem, orationes sancti Stephani praestiterunt. “That I could do such great things yesterday while fasting, the prayers of Saint Stephen provided.”
1.14 Dominus qui heri sanavit aegrotum hodie etiam sanat. “The Lord who healed the sick man yesterday heals also today.”
1.15 Et hesterno die et hodie, loquente Domino nostro Iesu Christo, parabolas seminantis audivimus. “Both yesterday and today, as our Lord Jesus Christ spoke, we heard the parables of the sower.”
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1.1 Heri oravimus.
1.2 Christus heri venit.
1.3 Heri Missam audivimus.
1.4 Fratres heri ieiunaverunt.
1.5 Ab heri laboravi.
1.6 Qui adfuistis heri, recordamini hodie.
1.7 Iesus Christus heri et hodie ipse.
1.8 Hesterno die peccator conversus est.
1.9 Verbum Dei heri lectum est in ecclesia.
1.10 Sacerdos heri Eucharistiam celebravit et hodie iterum celebrat.
1.11 Quod heri fecisti, confitere hodie.
1.12 Gratia Christi heri et hodie et in saecula manet.
1.13 Ut heri ieiunus tanta agere possem, orationes sancti Stephani praestiterunt.
1.14 Dominus qui heri sanavit aegrotum hodie etiam sanat.
1.15 Et hesterno die et hodie, loquente Domino nostro Iesu Christo, parabolas seminantis audivimus.
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These are the grammar rules for heri in Ecclesiastical Latin:
Part of Speech: Heri is an indeclinable temporal adverb. Unlike nouns or adjectives, it never changes form—no case endings, no gender, no number. It remains simply heri in all contexts.
Pronunciation: In Ecclesiastical (Italianate) Latin, the initial ‘h’ is completely silent. The word is pronounced /ˈɛ.ri/ (EH-ree), with stress on the first syllable. The ‘e’ has the open sound of “bet,” and the ‘i’ is a pure /i/ as in “machine.”
Word Order: Heri typically appears sentence-initially for emphasis, or immediately before the verb in neutral statements. Post-verbal position creates contrastive focus, as in answering a question about when something happened.
The Temporal Triad: Latin expresses the immediate temporal sequence through three indeclinable adverbs forming a complete system: heri (yesterday), hodiē (today), crās (tomorrow). These frequently appear together in theological and liturgical contexts.
The Related Adjective: Hesternus, -a, -um: When Latin requires an adjective meaning “of yesterday” or “yesterday’s,” it uses the first/second declension adjective hesternus. This agrees with its noun in gender, number, and case. Example: hesterno die (on the day of yesterday / yesterday) uses the ablative of time.
Ablative of Time Construction: Hesterno die employs the ablative case without a preposition to express “on/during a particular day.” This is the standard Latin construction for time when.
Duration with “Ab”: The preposition ab + heri means “since yesterday” or “from yesterday,” indicating continuous duration from a past point to the present.
Common Mistakes:
English speakers sometimes try to decline heri as if it were a noun. Remember: heri is always heri, never heris or hero. If you need an inflected form, use the adjective hesternus, -a, -um with an appropriate noun.
Another error involves pronouncing the ‘h’. In Ecclesiastical Latin liturgical practice, consistently drop the /h/ sound: say /ˈɛ.ri/, not /ˈhɛ.ri/.
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Hebrews 13:8 — The Heart of Catholic Usage: No discussion of heri in Ecclesiastical Latin is complete without Hebrews 13:8. The phrase Iesus Christus heri et hodie ipse et in saecula proclaims Christ’s unchanging nature across all time. Pope Saint John Paul II made this verse the motto of the Great Jubilee of the Year 2000, placing heri at the center of millennial Catholic reflection.
Patristic Frequency: Saint Augustine of Hippo employed heri and hesterno die together in his sermons to create vivid connections between consecutive days of preaching. His Sermon 73, on the parables of the sower, explicitly invites those who “were present yesterday” (adfuistis heri) to “remember today” (recordamini hodie), creating pastoral continuity across liturgical days.
Monastic Use: In monastic communities following the Benedictine Rule, the daily rhythm of the Divine Office creates constant reference to “yesterday” and “today.” The monk who chanted Vespers heri returns hodie to chant them again, experiencing the eternal return that monastic time embodies.
Liturgical Calendar: The Church’s liturgical year depends on the concept of “yesterday.” Vigil Masses anticipate feast days; octaves extend celebrations. The Easter Vigil’s proclamation that Christ rose “yesterday” (in liturgical time) while we celebrate “today” captures the sacramental collapse of past into present.
Idiomatic Expressions: Ab heri (since yesterday) appears in narratives of illness, fasting, or labor. Heri et hodie (yesterday and today) has become nearly formulaic for expressing continuity. Usque ab heri (from yesterday until now) emphasizes duration.
Register: Heri belongs to elevated literary and liturgical register. In casual speech, Romance descendants replaced it (Italian ieri, French hier, Spanish ayer), but Latin retained heri for sacred contexts.
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Source: Saint Augustine of Hippo, Sermo 73 (Sermon 73), c. 412 AD Sermon on the Parable of the Wheat and the Tares
F-A: Interlinear Construed Text
Et both hesterno yesterday’s-ABL die day-ABL et and hodie today loquente speaking-ABL Domino Lord-ABL nostro our-ABL Iesu Jesus-ABL Christo Christ-ABL parabolas parables-ACC seminantis of-sower-GEN audivimus we-heard
Et (/et/) both hesterno (/es.ˈter.no/) yesterday’s-ABL die (/ˈdi.e/) day-ABL et (/et/) and hodie (/ˈo.di.e/) today loquente (/lo.ˈkwen.te/) speaking-ABL Domino (/ˈdo.mi.no/) Lord-ABL nostro (/ˈnos.tro/) our-ABL Iesu (/ˈje.su/) Jesus-ABL Christo (/ˈkris.to/) Christ-ABL parabolas (/pa.ˈra.bo.las/) parables-ACC seminantis (/se.mi.ˈnan.tis/) of-sower-GEN audivimus (/au.ˈdi.vi.mus/) we-heard
Qui who-NOM adfuistis were-present heri yesterday recordamini remember hodie today
Qui (/kwi/) who-NOM adfuistis (/ad.fu.ˈis.tis/) were-present heri (/ˈɛ.ri/) yesterday recordamini (/re.kor.ˈda.mi.ni/) remember hodie (/ˈo.di.e/) today
F-B: Full Text with Translation
Et hesterno die et hodie, loquente Domino nostro Iesu Christo, parabolas seminantis audivimus. Qui adfuistis heri, recordamini hodie.
“Both yesterday and today, as our Lord Jesus Christ spoke, we heard the parables of the sower. You who were present yesterday, remember today.”
— Saint Augustine, Sermon 73
F-C: Latin Text Only
Et hesterno die et hodie, loquente Domino nostro Iesu Christo, parabolas seminantis audivimus. Qui adfuistis heri, recordamini hodie.
F-D: Grammar and Vocabulary Notes
Hesterno die — ablative of time without preposition, “on yesterday” or “yesterday.” The adjective hesternus agrees with die (ablative singular of dies).
Loquente Domino — ablative absolute construction, “with the Lord speaking” or “as the Lord spoke.”
Seminantis — genitive singular of the present participle seminans (sowing), modifying an implied hominis or describing the character in the parable.
Adfuistis — second person plural perfect indicative of adsum (to be present), “you were present.”
Recordamini — second person plural imperative of the deponent verb recordor (to remember), “remember!”
F-E: Commentary
Augustine’s rhetorical strategy brilliantly deploys both hesterno die and heri in close proximity. The more formal hesterno die opens the sentence with temporal gravitas, establishing the liturgical continuity of his preaching across two days. Then the more direct heri appears in his exhortation to the congregation, creating an intimate, urgent tone: “You who were present yesterday...”
This sermon fragment demonstrates the pastoral function of temporal reference in patristic homiletics. Augustine does not merely report when events occurred; he creates a community of memory across time. Those who heard him “yesterday” form a fellowship with those hearing him “today”—and by extension, with all who read his words across the centuries.
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The following 15 examples form a coherent meditation on time, eternity, and the constancy of Christ, suitable for liturgical reflection.
PART A: Interlinear Construed Text 1.16a Fratres brothers-VOC carissimi most-dear heri yesterday convenimus we-assembled et and hodie today iterum again convenimus we-assemble
1.16b Fratres (/ˈfra.tres/) brothers-VOC carissimi (/ka.ˈris.si.mi/) most-dear heri (/ˈɛ.ri/) yesterday convenimus (/kon.ve.ˈni.mus/) we-assembled et (/et/) and hodie (/ˈo.di.e/) today iterum (/ˈi.te.rum/) again convenimus (/kon.ve.ˈni.mus/) we-assemble
1.17a Quid what mutatum changed est is ab from heri yesterday usque until ad to hodie today
1.17b Quid (/kwid/) what mutatum (/mu.ˈta.tum/) changed est (/est/) is ab (/ab/) from heri (/ˈɛ.ri/) yesterday usque (/ˈus.kwe/) until ad (/ad/) to hodie (/ˈo.di.e/) today
1.18a Mundus world-NOM mutatur changes Christus Christ-NOM autem however heri yesterday et and hodie today idem same-NOM permanet remains
1.18b Mundus (/ˈmun.dus/) world-NOM mutatur (/mu.ˈta.tur/) changes Christus (/ˈkris.tus/) Christ-NOM autem (/ˈau.tem/) however heri (/ˈɛ.ri/) yesterday et (/et/) and hodie (/ˈo.di.e/) today idem (/ˈi.dem/) same-NOM permanet (/per.ˈma.net/) remains
1.19a Si if heri yesterday peccavimus we-sinned hodie today paenitentiam repentance-ACC agamus let-us-do
1.19b Si (/si/) if heri (/ˈɛ.ri/) yesterday peccavimus (/pek.ka.ˈvi.mus/) we-sinned hodie (/ˈo.di.e/) today paenitentiam (/pe.ni.ˈten.tsi.am/) repentance-ACC agamus (/a.ˈɡa.mus/) let-us-do
1.20a Mors death-NOM heri yesterday vicit conquered sed but Christus Christ-NOM hodie today vincit conquers
1.20b Mors (/mors/) death-NOM heri (/ˈɛ.ri/) yesterday vicit (/ˈvi.tʃit/) conquered sed (/sed/) but Christus (/ˈkris.tus/) Christ-NOM hodie (/ˈo.di.e/) today vincit (/ˈvin.tʃit/) conquers
1.21a Apostoli apostles-NOM heri yesterday Dominum Lord-ACC reliquerunt abandoned hodie today autem however pro for eo him moriuntur they-die
1.21b Apostoli (/a.ˈpos.to.li/) apostles-NOM heri (/ˈɛ.ri/) yesterday Dominum (/ˈdo.mi.num/) Lord-ACC reliquerunt (/re.li.ˈkwe.runt/) abandoned hodie (/ˈo.di.e/) today autem (/ˈau.tem/) however pro (/pro/) for eo (/ˈe.o/) him moriuntur (/mo.ri.ˈun.tur/) they-die
1.22a Heri yesterday terra earth-NOM tenebras darkness-ACC habuit had hodie today lux light-NOM Christi of-Christ refulget shines-forth
1.22b Heri (/ˈɛ.ri/) yesterday terra (/ˈter.ra/) earth-NOM tenebras (/ˈte.ne.bras/) darkness-ACC habuit (/ˈa.bu.it/) had hodie (/ˈo.di.e/) today lux (/luks/) light-NOM Christi (/ˈkris.ti/) of-Christ refulget (/re.ˈful.dʒet/) shines-forth
1.23a Quod what heri yesterday in in corde heart-ABL celabas you-hid hodie today in in confessione confession-ABL revela reveal
1.23b Quod (/kwod/) what heri (/ˈɛ.ri/) yesterday in (/in/) in corde (/ˈkor.de/) heart-ABL celabas (/tʃe.ˈla.bas/) you-hid hodie (/ˈo.di.e/) today in (/in/) in confessione (/kon.fes.si.ˈo.ne/) confession-ABL revela (/re.ˈve.la/) reveal
1.24a Misericordia mercy-NOM Domini of-Lord heri yesterday et and hodie today et and in into aeternum eternity durat endures
1.24b Misericordia (/mi.se.ri.ˈkor.di.a/) mercy-NOM Domini (/ˈdo.mi.ni/) of-Lord heri (/ˈɛ.ri/) yesterday et (/et/) and hodie (/ˈo.di.e/) today et (/et/) and in (/in/) into aeternum (/e.ˈter.num/) eternity durat (/ˈdu.rat/) endures
1.25a Sancti saints-NOM qui who heri yesterday passi suffered sunt have hodie today in in gloria glory-ABL regnant reign
1.25b Sancti (/ˈsaŋk.ti/) saints-NOM qui (/kwi/) who heri (/ˈɛ.ri/) yesterday passi (/ˈpas.si/) suffered sunt (/sunt/) have hodie (/ˈo.di.e/) today in (/in/) in gloria (/ˈɡlo.ri.a/) glory-ABL regnant (/ˈreɲ.nant/) reign
1.26a Ecclesia Church-NOM quae which heri yesterday persecutionem persecution-ACC sustinuit endured hodie today floret flourishes
1.26b Ecclesia (/ek.ˈkle.si.a/) Church-NOM quae (/kwe/) which heri (/ˈɛ.ri/) yesterday persecutionem (/per.se.ku.tsi.ˈo.nem/) persecution-ACC sustinuit (/sus.ti.ˈnu.it/) endured hodie (/ˈo.di.e/) today floret (/ˈflo.ret/) flourishes
1.27a Heri yesterday servus servant-NOM peccati of-sin fui I-was hodie today per through baptismum baptism-ACC filius son-NOM Dei of-God factus made sum I-am
1.27b Heri (/ˈɛ.ri/) yesterday servus (/ˈser.vus/) servant-NOM peccati (/pek.ˈka.ti/) of-sin fui (/ˈfu.i/) I-was hodie (/ˈo.di.e/) today per (/per/) through baptismum (/bap.ˈtis.mum/) baptism-ACC filius (/ˈfi.li.us/) son-NOM Dei (/ˈde.i/) of-God factus (/ˈfak.tus/) made sum (/sum/) I-am
1.28a Veritas truth-NOM quae which heri yesterday praedicata preached est was hodie today eadem same-NOM manet remains
1.28b Veritas (/ˈve.ri.tas/) truth-NOM quae (/kwe/) which heri (/ˈɛ.ri/) yesterday praedicata (/pre.di.ˈka.ta/) preached est (/est/) was hodie (/ˈo.di.e/) today eadem (/ˈe.a.dem/) same-NOM manet (/ˈma.net/) remains
1.29a Crux Cross-NOM Christi of-Christ quae which heri yesterday stultitia foolishness-NOM videbatur seemed hodie today virtus power-NOM Dei of-God demonstratur is-shown
1.29b Crux (/kruks/) Cross-NOM Christi (/ˈkris.ti/) of-Christ quae (/kwe/) which heri (/ˈɛ.ri/) yesterday stultitia (/stul.ˈti.tsi.a/) foolishness-NOM videbatur (/vi.de.ˈba.tur/) seemed hodie (/ˈo.di.e/) today virtus (/ˈvir.tus/) power-NOM Dei (/ˈde.i/) of-God demonstratur (/de.mon.ˈstra.tur/) is-shown
1.30a Ideo therefore fratres brothers-VOC confidite be-confident quia because Iesus Jesus Christus Christ heri yesterday et and hodie today ipse himself et and in into saecula ages-ACC
1.30b Ideo (/ˈi.de.o/) therefore fratres (/ˈfra.tres/) brothers-VOC confidite (/kon.fi.ˈdi.te/) be-confident quia (/ˈkwi.a/) because Iesus (/ˈje.sus/) Jesus Christus (/ˈkris.tus/) Christ heri (/ˈɛ.ri/) yesterday et (/et/) and hodie (/ˈo.di.e/) today ipse (/ˈip.se/) himself et (/et/) and in (/in/) into saecula (/ˈse.ku.la/) ages-ACC