← Latinum Institute Ecclesiastical Latin Reading Course
familia, -ae (f.) — family, household, domestic church
The Latin word familia stands at the heart of Catholic teaching on the domestic church. Derived from famulus (servant), the term originally designated the household—including servants and all persons under the authority of the pater familiās. In Ecclesiastical Latin, familia underwent a profound theological transformation, becoming a cornerstone concept for understanding the Church herself as the Familia Dei (Family of God) and the Christian household as the Ecclesia domestica (domestic church).
The Second Vatican Council in Lumen Gentium §11 recovered the ancient patristic expression when it taught that the Christian family “can and must be called the domestic Church.” Pope John Paul II’s apostolic exhortation Familiaris Consortio (1981) developed this theology extensively, declaring: “Familia christiana constituit specificam manifestationem ac perfectionem communionis ecclesialis” — “The Christian family constitutes a specific manifestation and realization of ecclesial communion.”
This lesson explores familia across its full range of ecclesiastical meanings: from the Holy Family of Nazareth (Sacra Familia) to the universal Church as God’s household, to each Christian home where faith is first transmitted and lived.
Course Index:
https://latinum.substack.com/p/index
FAQ: What does “familia” mean in Ecclesiastical Latin? In Ecclesiastical Latin, familia means “family” or “household,” but carries rich theological significance as the fundamental unit of the Church—the “domestic church” where Christian life is first experienced, faith is transmitted, and holiness is cultivated.
Key Takeaways: -
Familia is a 1st declension feminine noun following the standard -a, -ae pattern -
The archaic genitive familiās survives in fixed phrases like pater familiās -
Ecclesiastically, familia designates the Christian household as a miniature church -
The Sacra Familia (Holy Family) of Jesus, Mary, and Joseph is the model for all Christian families -
Ecclesia domestica and familia christiana are near-synonymous in Catholic teaching
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170.1a Familia the-family Christiana Christian orat prays cotidie daily
170.1b Familia (/fa.ˈmi.li.a/) the-family Christiana (/kris.ti.ˈa.na/) Christian orat (/ˈo.rat/) prays cotidie (/ko.ti.ˈdi.e/) daily
170.2a Sacra the-Holy Familia Family in in Nazareth Nazareth habitabat dwelt
170.2b Sacra (/ˈsa.kra/) the-Holy Familia (/fa.ˈmi.li.a/) Family in (/in/) in Nazareth (/ˈna.za.ret/) Nazareth habitabat (/ha.bi.ˈta.bat/) dwelt
170.3a Deus God familiam the-family-ACC nostram our benedicit blesses
170.3b Deus (/ˈde.us/) God familiam (/fa.ˈmi.li.am/) the-family-ACC nostram (/ˈnos.tram/) our benedicit (/be.ne.ˈdi.tʃit/) blesses
170.4a Amor love familiae of-the-family-GEN est is fundamentum the-foundation
170.4b Amor (/ˈa.mor/) love familiae (/fa.ˈmi.li.e/) of-the-family-GEN est (/est/) is fundamentum (/fun.da.ˈmen.tum/) the-foundation
170.5a Pater the-father familias of-the-household-GEN domum the-house-ACC regit governs
170.5b Pater (/ˈpa.ter/) the-father familias (/fa.ˈmi.li.as/) of-the-household-GEN domum (/ˈdo.mum/) the-house-ACC regit (/ˈre.dʒit/) governs
170.6a Ecclesia the-Church est is familia the-family Dei of-God-GEN in in terra the-earth-ABL
170.6b Ecclesia (/ek.ˈkle.zi.a/) the-Church est (/est/) is familia (/fa.ˈmi.li.a/) the-family Dei (/ˈde.i/) of-God-GEN in (/in/) in terra (/ˈter.ra/) the-earth-ABL
170.7a Pro for familia the-family-ABL sua his-own sanctus the-saint laboravit labored semper always
170.7b Pro (/pro/) for familia (/fa.ˈmi.li.a/) the-family-ABL sua (/ˈsu.a/) his-own sanctus (/ˈsaŋk.tus/) the-saint laboravit (/la.bo.ˈra.vit/) labored semper (/ˈsem.per/) always
170.8a Maria Mary et and Ioseph Joseph familiam the-family-ACC sanctam holy constituerunt established
170.8b Maria (/ma.ˈri.a/) Mary et (/et/) and Ioseph (/ˈjo.zef/) Joseph familiam (/fa.ˈmi.li.am/) the-family-ACC sanctam (/ˈsaŋk.tam/) holy constituerunt (/kon.sti.tu.ˈe.runt/) established
170.9a In in sinu the-bosom-ABL familiae of-the-family-GEN fides faith primo first traditur is-handed-on
170.9b In (/in/) in sinu (/ˈsi.nu/) the-bosom-ABL familiae (/fa.ˈmi.li.e/) of-the-family-GEN fides (/ˈfi.des/) faith primo (/ˈpri.mo/) first traditur (/tra.ˈdi.tur/) is-handed-on
170.10a Parentes parents filios the-children-ACC familiae of-the-family-GEN in in fide the-faith-ABL erudiunt instruct
170.10b Parentes (/pa.ˈren.tes/) parents filios (/ˈfi.li.os/) the-children-ACC familiae (/fa.ˈmi.li.e/) of-the-family-GEN in (/in/) in fide (/ˈfi.de/) the-faith-ABL erudiunt (/e.ru.ˈdi.unt/) instruct
170.11a Familia the-family Christiana Christian ecclesia church domestica domestic vocatur is-called a by Patribus the-Fathers-ABL
170.11b Familia (/fa.ˈmi.li.a/) the-family Christiana (/kris.ti.ˈa.na/) Christian ecclesia (/ek.ˈkle.zi.a/) church domestica (/do.ˈmes.ti.ka/) domestic vocatur (/vo.ˈka.tur/) is-called a (/a/) by Patribus (/ˈpa.tri.bus/) the-Fathers-ABL
170.12a Sanctus Saint Augustinus Augustine de concerning familia the-family-ABL domestica domestic ut as ecclesia a-church scripsit wrote
170.12b Sanctus (/ˈsaŋk.tus/) Saint Augustinus (/au.ɡus.ˈti.nus/) Augustine de (/de/) concerning familia (/fa.ˈmi.li.a/) the-family-ABL domestica (/do.ˈmes.ti.ka/) domestic ut (/ut/) as ecclesia (/ek.ˈkle.zi.a/) a-church scripsit (/ˈskrip.sit/) wrote
170.13a Vincula the-bonds familiae of-the-family-GEN sacra sacred sunt are et and indissolubilia indissoluble
170.13b Vincula (/ˈviŋ.ku.la/) the-bonds familiae (/fa.ˈmi.li.e/) of-the-family-GEN sacra (/ˈsa.kra/) sacred sunt (/sunt/) are et (/et/) and indissolubilia (/in.dis.so.ˈlu.bi.li.a/) indissoluble
170.14a Per through baptismum baptism in into familiam the-family-ACC Dei of-God-GEN ingredimur we-enter et and filii children adoptivi adopted efficimur we-become
170.14b Per (/per/) through baptismum (/bap.ˈtis.mum/) baptism in (/in/) into familiam (/fa.ˈmi.li.am/) the-family-ACC Dei (/ˈde.i/) of-God-GEN ingredimur (/in.ɡre.ˈdi.mur/) we-enter et (/et/) and filii (/ˈfi.li.i/) children adoptivi (/a.dop.ˈti.vi/) adopted efficimur (/ef.fi.ˈtʃi.mur/) we-become
170.15a Concilium the-Council Vaticanum Vatican Secundum Second familiam the-family-ACC Christianam Christian ecclesiam church domesticam domestic appellavit called secundum according-to antiquam ancient traditionem tradition-ACC
170.15b Concilium (/kon.ˈtʃi.li.um/) the-Council Vaticanum (/va.ti.ˈka.num/) Vatican Secundum (/se.ˈkun.dum/) Second familiam (/fa.ˈmi.li.am/) the-family-ACC Christianam (/kris.ti.ˈa.nam/) Christian ecclesiam (/ek.ˈkle.zi.am/) church domesticam (/do.ˈmes.ti.kam/) domestic appellavit (/ap.pel.ˈla.vit/) called secundum (/se.ˈkun.dum/) according-to antiquam (/an.ˈti.kwam/) ancient traditionem (/tra.di.tsi.ˈo.nem/) tradition-ACC
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170.1 Familia Christiana orat cotidie. “The Christian family prays daily.”
170.2 Sacra Familia in Nazareth habitabat. “The Holy Family dwelt in Nazareth.”
170.3 Deus familiam nostram benedicit. “God blesses our family.”
170.4 Amor familiae est fundamentum. “Love is the foundation of the family.”
170.5 Pater familias domum regit. “The father of the household governs the home.”
170.6 Ecclesia est familia Dei in terra. “The Church is the family of God on earth.”
170.7 Pro familia sua sanctus laboravit semper. “The saint always labored for his family.”
170.8 Maria et Ioseph familiam sanctam constituerunt. “Mary and Joseph established the holy family.”
170.9 In sinu familiae fides primo traditur. “Faith is first handed on in the bosom of the family.”
170.10 Parentes filios familiae in fide erudiunt. “Parents instruct the children of the family in the faith.”
170.11 Familia Christiana ecclesia domestica vocatur a Patribus. “The Christian family is called the domestic church by the Fathers.”
170.12 Sanctus Augustinus de familia domestica ut ecclesia scripsit. “Saint Augustine wrote about the domestic family as a church.”
170.13 Vincula familiae sacra sunt et indissolubilia. “The bonds of family are sacred and indissoluble.”
170.14 Per baptismum in familiam Dei ingredimur et filii adoptivi efficimur. “Through baptism we enter into the family of God and become adopted children.”
170.15 Concilium Vaticanum Secundum familiam Christianam ecclesiam domesticam appellavit secundum antiquam traditionem. “The Second Vatican Council called the Christian family the domestic church according to ancient tradition.”
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170.1 Familia Christiana orat cotidie.
170.2 Sacra Familia in Nazareth habitabat.
170.3 Deus familiam nostram benedicit.
170.4 Amor familiae est fundamentum.
170.5 Pater familias domum regit.
170.6 Ecclesia est familia Dei in terra.
170.7 Pro familia sua sanctus laboravit semper.
170.8 Maria et Ioseph familiam sanctam constituerunt.
170.9 In sinu familiae fides primo traditur.
170.10 Parentes filios familiae in fide erudiunt.
170.11 Familia Christiana ecclesia domestica vocatur a Patribus.
170.12 Sanctus Augustinus de familia domestica ut ecclesia scripsit.
170.13 Vincula familiae sacra sunt et indissolubilia.
170.14 Per baptismum in familiam Dei ingredimur et filii adoptivi efficimur.
170.15 Concilium Vaticanum Secundum familiam Christianam ecclesiam domesticam appellavit secundum antiquam traditionem.
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These are the grammar rules for FAMILIA in Ecclesiastical Latin:
Familia is a first declension feminine noun, following the regular pattern of nouns ending in -a in the nominative singular. The stem is famili- and all case endings attach to this stem.
Full Declension of FAMILIA, -AE (f.):
SINGULAR: Nominative familia (the family—subject), Genitive familiae (of the family), Dative familiae (to/for the family), Accusative familiam (the family—object), Ablative familiā (by/with/from the family), Vocative familia (O family!)
PLURAL: Nominative familiae (the families—subject), Genitive familiārum (of the families), Dative familiīs (to/for the families), Accusative familiās (the families—object), Ablative familiīs (by/with/from the families), Vocative familiae (O families!)
The Archaic Genitive FAMILIĀS:
A distinctive feature of familia is the preservation of the archaic genitive singular ending -ās (from Old Latin) in the fixed phrases pater familiās (father of the household) and mater familiās (mother of the household). This ancient form appears alongside the regular genitive familiae in classical and ecclesiastical texts. Note that in these phrases, familia does not decline further—one says patris familiās for “of the father of the household” (genitive of pater, but familiās remains unchanged).
Common Syntactical Patterns:
The genitive familiae frequently expresses possession: amor familiae (love of the family), vincula familiae (bonds of family), in sinu familiae (in the bosom of the family).
With prepositions: in familia (in the family—with ablative for location), in familiam (into the family—with accusative for motion toward), pro familia (for the family), cum familia (with the family).
Common Mistakes:
Students sometimes confuse the dative and genitive singular since both are familiae. Context determines meaning: Deus familiae benedicit (God blesses [gives blessing] to the family—dative) versus amor familiae (love of the family—genitive).
The archaic genitive familiās should only appear in the fixed phrases pater/mater familiās; elsewhere use familiae.
Ecclesiastical Pronunciation Notes:
In Ecclesiastical Latin (Roman pronunciation), the stress falls on the penultimate syllable: fa-MÍ-li-a. The ae diphthong in familiae is pronounced as a simple /e/ sound: /fa.ˈmi.li.e/.
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The Domestic Church (Ecclesia Domestica):
The concept of the family as a “domestic church” (ecclesia domestica) has deep roots in patristic theology. Saint Augustine, writing to the widow Juliana, referred to her “whole household church” (tota domestica vestra ecclesia). Saint John Chrysostom developed this idea extensively, teaching that the Christian father performs an episcopal function within the household—leading prayer, reading Scripture, and guiding the family’s spiritual formation.
The Holy Family as Model:
The Sacra Familia of Jesus, Mary, and Joseph is presented in Catholic teaching as the model for all Christian families. The Church celebrates the Feast of the Holy Family on the Sunday within the Octave of Christmas. In Nazareth, the hidden years of Christ’s life unfolded within the ordinary rhythms of family existence, sanctifying domestic life itself.
Vatican II and Familiaris Consortio:
The Second Vatican Council restored the ancient title ecclesia domestica to prominence in Lumen Gentium §11, teaching that the Christian family is “so to speak, the domestic church.” Pope John Paul II’s 1981 apostolic exhortation Familiaris Consortio developed this ecclesiology extensively, affirming that the Christian family shares in the threefold mission of Christ as priest, prophet, and king. The family exercises its priestly role through prayer and self-offering, its prophetic role through transmitting the faith, and its kingly role through loving service.
The Church as Familia Dei:
Ecclesiastical texts frequently describe the universal Church herself as the Familia Dei (Family of God). Through baptism, Christians are incorporated into this divine family, becoming adopted sons and daughters of the Father and brothers and sisters of one another. This theology grounds the distinctively familial language of Catholic piety—Father, Mother (Church and Mary), brothers and sisters in Christ.
The Pater Familias in Christian Transformation:
While Roman law invested the pater familiās with extensive authority (patria potestas) over household members, Christian teaching transformed this concept. Saint Paul instructs fathers: “Patres, nolite ad iracundiam provocare filios vestros, sed educate illos in disciplina et correptione Domini” (Fathers, do not provoke your children to anger, but bring them up in the discipline and instruction of the Lord—Ephesians 6:4). Christian fatherhood is modeled on the self-giving love of God the Father.
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Source: Pope John Paul II, Familiaris Consortio §21 (1981)
F-A: Interlinear Construed Text
Familia the-family Christiana Christian constituit constitutes specificam a-specific manifestationem manifestation-ACC ac and perfectionem realization-ACC communionis of-communion-GEN ecclesialis ecclesial
Familia (/fa.ˈmi.li.a/) the-family Christiana (/kris.ti.ˈa.na/) Christian constituit (/kon.sti.ˈtu.it/) constitutes specificam (/spe.ˈtʃi.fi.kam/) a-specific manifestationem (/ma.ni.fes.ta.tsi.ˈo.nem/) manifestation-ACC ac (/ak/) and perfectionem (/per.fek.tsi.ˈo.nem/) realization-ACC communionis (/kom.mu.ni.ˈo.nis/) of-communion-GEN ecclesialis (/ek.kle.zi.ˈa.lis/) ecclesial
et and propter on-account-of hanc this causam reason-ACC vocari to-be-called potest is-able et and debet ought ecclesia church domestica domestic
et (/et/) and propter (/ˈprop.ter/) on-account-of hanc (/haŋk/) this causam (/ˈkau.zam/) reason-ACC vocari (/vo.ˈka.ri/) to-be-called potest (/ˈpo.test/) is-able et (/et/) and debet (/ˈde.bet/) ought ecclesia (/ek.ˈkle.zi.a/) church domestica (/do.ˈmes.ti.ka/) domestic
F-B: Natural Text with Translation
Familia Christiana constituit specificam manifestationem ac perfectionem communionis ecclesialis, et propter hanc causam vocari potest et debet “ecclesia domestica.”
“The Christian family constitutes a specific manifestation and realization of ecclesial communion, and for this reason it can and must be called ‘the domestic church.’”
F-C: Latin Text Only
Familia Christiana constituit specificam manifestationem ac perfectionem communionis ecclesialis, et propter hanc causam vocari potest et debet “ecclesia domestica.”
F-D: Grammar and Vocabulary Notes
This passage from Familiaris Consortio demonstrates several key grammatical features. The verb constituit (from constituō) takes a double accusative (manifestationem and perfectionem), both modified by the genitive communionis ecclesialis. The phrase propter hanc causam (on account of this reason) employs the preposition propter with the accusative. The passive infinitive vocari (to be called) serves as the subject of both potest (is able) and debet (ought), expressing both possibility and moral obligation. The text reflects Pope John Paul II’s characteristic precision in ecclesiological language, linking the family’s reality (manifestationem) with its ultimate purpose (perfectionem) within the broader communion of the Church.
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A parish priest instructs a catechumen on the Christian understanding of family
Part A: Interlinear Construed Text 170.16a Catechumenus the-catechumen interrogat asks Pater Father quid what est is familia the-family Christiana Christian
170.16b Catechumenus (/ka.te.ˈku.me.nus/) the-catechumen interrogat (/in.ter.ˈro.ɡat/) asks Pater (/ˈpa.ter/) Father quid (/kwid/) what est (/est/) is familia (/fa.ˈmi.li.a/) the-family Christiana (/kris.ti.ˈa.na/) Christian
170.17a Sacerdos the-priest respondet responds familia the-family est is prima the-first schola school fidei of-the-faith-GEN
170.17b Sacerdos (/sa.ˈtʃer.dos/) the-priest respondet (/res.ˈpon.det/) responds familia (/fa.ˈmi.li.a/) the-family est (/est/) is prima (/ˈpri.ma/) the-first schola (/ˈsko.la/) school fidei (/ˈfi.de.i/) of-the-faith-GEN
170.18a In in familia the-family-ABL Deum God-ACC amare to-love primum first discimus we-learn
170.18b In (/in/) in familia (/fa.ˈmi.li.a/) the-family-ABL Deum (/ˈde.um/) God-ACC amare (/a.ˈma.re/) to-love primum (/ˈpri.mum/) first discimus (/ˈdis.tʃi.mus/) we-learn
170.19a Sacra the-Holy Familia Family Nazaretana of-Nazareth exemplar the-model est is omnibus for-all familiis families-DAT
170.19b Sacra (/ˈsa.kra/) the-Holy Familia (/fa.ˈmi.li.a/) Family Nazaretana (/na.za.re.ˈta.na/) of-Nazareth exemplar (/ek.ˈsem.plar/) the-model est (/est/) is omnibus (/ˈom.ni.bus/) for-all familiis (/fa.ˈmi.li.is/) families-DAT
170.20a Iesus Jesus in in familia the-family-ABL humili humble crevit grew et and obedivit obeyed parentibus to-his-parents-DAT suis his
170.20b Iesus (/ˈje.zus/) Jesus in (/in/) in familia (/fa.ˈmi.li.a/) the-family-ABL humili (/ˈhu.mi.li/) humble crevit (/ˈkre.vit/) grew et (/et/) and obedivit (/o.be.ˈdi.vit/) obeyed parentibus (/pa.ˈren.ti.bus/) to-his-parents-DAT suis (/ˈsu.is/) his
170.21a Catechumenus the-catechumen quaerit asks quomodo how familia the-family ecclesia a-church esse to-be potest is-able
170.21b Catechumenus (/ka.te.ˈku.me.nus/) the-catechumen quaerit (/ˈkwe.rit/) asks quomodo (/ˈkwo.mo.do/) how familia (/fa.ˈmi.li.a/) the-family ecclesia (/ek.ˈkle.zi.a/) a-church esse (/ˈes.se/) to-be potest (/ˈpo.test/) is-able
170.22a Sacerdos the-priest explicat explains quia because familia the-family orat prays et and fidem the-faith-ACC transmittit transmits
170.22b Sacerdos (/sa.ˈtʃer.dos/) the-priest explicat (/ˈeks.pli.kat/) explains quia (/ˈkwi.a/) because familia (/fa.ˈmi.li.a/) the-family orat (/ˈo.rat/) prays et (/et/) and fidem (/ˈfi.dem/) the-faith-ACC transmittit (/trans.ˈmit.tit/) transmits
170.23a Parentes parents sunt are primi the-first catechistae catechists filiorum of-children-GEN suorum their-own
170.23b Parentes (/pa.ˈren.tes/) parents sunt (/sunt/) are primi (/ˈpri.mi/) the-first catechistae (/ka.te.ˈkis.te/) catechists filiorum (/fi.li.ˈo.rum/) of-children-GEN suorum (/su.ˈo.rum/) their-own
170.24a Familia the-family quae which simul together orat prays simul together manet remains
170.24b Familia (/fa.ˈmi.li.a/) the-family quae (/kwe/) which simul (/ˈsi.mul/) together orat (/ˈo.rat/) prays simul (/ˈsi.mul/) together manet (/ˈma.net/) remains
170.25a Mensa the-table familiae of-the-family-GEN imaginem an-image-ACC praebet offers mensae of-the-table-GEN Eucharisticae Eucharistic
170.25b Mensa (/ˈmen.sa/) the-table familiae (/fa.ˈmi.li.e/) of-the-family-GEN imaginem (/i.ˈma.dʒi.nem/) an-image-ACC praebet (/ˈpre.bet/) offers mensae (/ˈmen.se/) of-the-table-GEN Eucharisticae (/eu.ka.ˈris.ti.ke/) Eucharistic
170.26a Per through sacramentum the-sacrament matrimonii of-matrimony-GEN familia the-family nova new in in Ecclesia the-Church-ABL nascitur is-born
170.26b Per (/per/) through sacramentum (/sa.kra.ˈmen.tum/) the-sacrament matrimonii (/ma.tri.ˈmo.ni.i/) of-matrimony-GEN familia (/fa.ˈmi.li.a/) the-family nova (/ˈno.va/) new in (/in/) in Ecclesia (/ek.ˈkle.zi.a/) the-Church-ABL nascitur (/ˈna.ʃi.tur/) is-born
170.27a Catechumenus the-catechumen gaudet rejoices et and dicit says familia the-family mea my nunc now hoc this-ACC intellegit understands
170.27b Catechumenus (/ka.te.ˈku.me.nus/) the-catechumen gaudet (/ˈɡau.det/) rejoices et (/et/) and dicit (/ˈdi.tʃit/) says familia (/fa.ˈmi.li.a/) the-family mea (/ˈme.a/) my nunc (/nuŋk/) now hoc (/hok/) this-ACC intellegit (/in.tel.ˈle.dʒit/) understands
170.28a Baptismus baptism familiam the-family-ACC tuam your-ACC in into familiam the-family-ACC Dei of-God-GEN introducet will-introduce
170.28b Baptismus (/bap.ˈtis.mus/) baptism familiam (/fa.ˈmi.li.am/) the-family-ACC tuam (/ˈtu.am/) your-ACC in (/in/) into familiam (/fa.ˈmi.li.am/) the-family-ACC Dei (/ˈde.i/) of-God-GEN introducet (/in.tro.ˈdu.tʃet/) will-introduce
170.29a Tunc then familia the-family tua your et and Ecclesia the-Church universalis universal una one familia family erunt will-be in in Christo Christ-ABL
170.29b Tunc (/tuŋk/) then familia (/fa.ˈmi.li.a/) the-family tua (/ˈtu.a/) your et (/et/) and Ecclesia (/ek.ˈkle.zi.a/) the-Church universalis (/u.ni.ver.ˈsa.lis/) universal una (/ˈu.na/) one familia (/fa.ˈmi.li.a/) family erunt (/ˈe.runt/) will-be in (/in/) in Christo (/ˈkris.to/) Christ-ABL
170.30a Sacerdos the-priest concludit concludes Deo to-God-DAT gratias thanks agamus let-us-give pro for dono the-gift-ABL familiae of-the-family-GEN Christianae Christian
170.30b Sacerdos (/sa.ˈtʃer.dos/) the-priest concludit (/kon.ˈklu.dit/) concludes Deo (/ˈde.o/) to-God-DAT gratias (/ˈɡra.tsi.as/) thanks agamus (/a.ˈɡa.mus/) let-us-give pro (/pro/) for dono (/ˈdo.no/) the-gift-ABL familiae (/fa.ˈmi.li.e/) of-the-family-GEN Christianae (/kris.ti.ˈa.ne/) Christian
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