Lesson 26

Part A (Interleaved English and Latin Text)

26.1 Magister the teacher librum a book discipulō to the student dat gives

26.2 Pater father fīliō to his son gladium a sword dedit gave

26.3 Rēx the king mīlitibus to the soldiers praemia rewards dat gives

26.4 Sacerdōs the priest populō to the people benedictionem a blessing dat gives

26.5 Agricola the farmer cibum food equīs to the horses dat gives

26.6 Ego I tibi to you rosam a rose dō give

26.7 Nōs we pauperibus to the poor pecūniam money dabāmus were giving

26.8 Māter mother fīliae to her daughter anulum a ring dedit gave

26.9 Deus God nōbīs to us vītam life dat gives

26.10 Senātus the senate cīvibus to the citizens frūmentum grain dabat was giving

26.11 Mercātor the merchant nautae to the sailor mercedem payment dedit gave

26.12 Tū you mihi to me epistulam a letter dedistī gave

26.13 Regina the queen servīs to the servants dona gifts dat gives

26.14 Imperator the emperor mīlitī to the soldier honōrem honor dedit gave

26.15 Discipulī the students magistrō to the teacher flōrēs flowers dant give

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Part B (Complete Sentences)

26.1 Magister librum discipulō dat. The teacher gives a book to the student.

26.2 Pater fīliō gladium dedit. Father gave a sword to his son.

26.3 Rēx mīlitibus praemia dat. The king gives rewards to the soldiers.

26.4 Sacerdōs populō benedictionem dat. The priest gives a blessing to the people.

26.5 Agricola cibum equīs dat. The farmer gives food to the horses.

26.6 Ego tibi rosam dō. I give you a rose.

26.7 Nōs pauperibus pecūniam dabāmus. We were giving money to the poor.

26.8 Māter fīliae anulum dedit. Mother gave a ring to her daughter.

26.9 Deus nōbīs vītam dat. God gives life to us.

26.10 Senātus cīvibus frūmentum dabat. The senate was giving grain to the citizens.

26.11 Mercātor nautae mercedem dedit. The merchant gave payment to the sailor.

26.12 Tū mihi epistulam dedistī. You gave me a letter.

26.13 Regina servīs dona dat. The queen gives gifts to the servants.

26.14 Imperator mīlitī honōrem dedit. The emperor gave honor to the soldier.

26.15 Discipulī magistrō flōrēs dant. The students give flowers to the teacher.

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Part C (Latin Text Only)

26.1 Magister librum discipulō dat.

26.2 Pater fīliō gladium dedit.

26.3 Rēx mīlitibus praemia dat.

26.4 Sacerdōs populō benedictionem dat.

26.5 Agricola cibum equīs dat.

26.6 Ego tibi rosam dō.

26.7 Nōs pauperibus pecūniam dabāmus.

26.8 Māter fīliae anulum dedit.

26.9 Deus nōbīs vītam dat.

26.10 Senātus cīvibus frūmentum dabat.

26.11 Mercātor nautae mercedem dedit.

26.12 Tū mihi epistulam dedistī.

26.13 Regina servīs dona dat.

26.14 Imperator mīlitī honōrem dedit.

26.15 Discipulī magistrō flōrēs dant.

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Part D (Grammar Explanation)

"Dō" is a first conjugation verb meaning "to give." For English speakers, several important points should be noted: -

Principal Parts: -

dō (present) -

dare (infinitive) -

dedī (perfect) -

datum (supine) -

Unusual Features: -

Unlike most first conjugation verbs, "dō" has a short 'a' in most forms -

The present stem is simply 'd-' with the endings added directly -

Common Forms Used in Our Examples: -

dō (I give) -

dat (he/she/it gives) -

dant (they give) -

dedit (he/she/it gave) -

dedistī (you gave) -

dabāmus (we were giving) -

dabat (he/she/it was giving) -

Syntax: -

Takes two objects: -

Direct object in accusative case (what is given) -

Indirect object in dative case (to whom it is given) -

Word order is flexible but typically: -

Subject + Indirect Object + Direct Object + Verb

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Part E (Cultural Context)

For English speakers learning Latin, understanding "dō" requires cultural context: -

Gift-Giving in Roman Culture: -

Formal exchanges between patrons and clients -

Religious offerings to gods -

Military rewards and honors -

Family inheritance customs -

Social Implications: -

Giving created social obligations -

Different types of gifts for different relationships -

Public vs. private giving -

Christian Context: -

God as the supreme giver -

Giving alms to the poor -

Spiritual gifts and blessings -

Charitable giving in the Church -

Modern Connections: -

Similar to English "give" but with formal social implications -

Used in religious contexts still today -

Understanding Roman gift economy helps comprehend social relationships

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Part F (Literary Citation)

Part F-A (Interleaved Text)

Part F-A (Interleaved Text)

From the Vulgate Bible (John 3:16):

Sīc thus enim for Deus God dilexit loved mundum the world ut that Fīlium Son suum his unigenitum only-begotten daret he gave

Part F-B (Complete Translation)

Sīc enim Deus dilexit mundum ut Fīlium suum unigenitum daret. For God so loved the world that he gave his only-begotten Son.

Part F-C (Literary Analysis)

This famous verse uses "daret" (imperfect subjunctive) to show purpose. The giving of the Son is presented as the supreme act of divine love.

Part F-D (Grammatical Notes)

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"daret" is imperfect subjunctive of "dō" -

Used in purpose clause with "ut" -

Shows result of "dilexit" (perfect indicative) -

Direct object "Fīlium" in accusative -

Modified by possessive "suum" and adjective "unigenitum"

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Genre Section: Christian Liturgical Language

Part A (Interleaved Text)

26.16 Dōmine O Lord dā give nōbīs to us pācem peace tuam your

26.17 Sacerdōs the priest populō to the people benedictionem blessing Dominī of the Lord dat gives

26.18 Grātiam grace tuam your quaesumus we ask Dōmine O Lord dā give nobīs to us

26.19 Pontifex the bishop ordinandīs to those being ordained Spiritum Spirit Sanctum Holy dat gives

26.20 Deus God omnibus to all grātiam grace suam his dat gives

26.21 Christus Christ discipulīs to the disciples potestatem power dedit gave

26.22 Ecclesia the Church fidelibus to the faithful sacramenta sacraments dat gives

26.23 Apostolī the apostles populō to the people verbum word Deī of God dedērunt gave

26.24 Spīritus the Spirit Sanctus Holy dōna gifts sua his ecclesiae to the church dat gives

26.25 Maria Mary nōbīs to us exemplum example sanctitātis of holiness dedit gave

26.26 Pater the Father cotīdiē daily pānem bread nostrum our dat gives

26.27 Angelus the angel Mariae to Mary nūntium message dedit gave

26.28 Martyrēs the martyrs testimōnium testimony veritātis of truth dedērunt gave

26.29 Episcopus the bishop presbyterō to the priest facultātem faculty dat gives

26.30 Deus God fīliīs to the children suīs his vītam life aeternam eternal dat gives

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Part B (Complete Sentences)

26.16 Dōmine dā nōbīs pācem tuam. O Lord, give us your peace.

26.17 Sacerdōs populō benedictionem Dominī dat. The priest gives the Lord's blessing to the people.

26.18 Grātiam tuam quaesumus Dōmine dā nobīs. We ask, O Lord, give us your grace.

26.19 Pontifex ordinandīs Spiritum Sanctum dat. The bishop gives the Holy Spirit to those being ordained.

26.20 Deus omnibus grātiam suam dat. God gives his grace to all.

26.21 Christus discipulīs potestatem dedit. Christ gave power to the disciples.

26.22 Ecclesia fidelibus sacramenta dat. The Church gives the sacraments to the faithful.

26.23 Apostolī populō verbum Deī dedērunt. The apostles gave the word of God to the people.

26.24 Spīritus Sanctus dōna sua ecclesiae dat. The Holy Spirit gives his gifts to the church.

26.25 Maria nōbīs exemplum sanctitātis dedit. Mary gave us an example of holiness.

26.26 Pater cotīdiē pānem nostrum dat. The Father gives our daily bread.

26.27 Angelus Mariae nūntium dedit. The angel gave the message to Mary.

26.28 Martyrēs testimōnium veritātis dedērunt. The martyrs gave testimony of truth.

26.29 Episcopus presbyterō facultātem dat. The bishop gives faculty to the priest.

26.30 Deus fīliīs suīs vītam aeternam dat. God gives eternal life to his children.

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Part C (Latin Text Only)

26.16 Dōmine dā nōbīs pācem tuam.

26.17 Sacerdōs populō benedictionem Dominī dat.

26.18 Grātiam tuam quaesumus Dōmine dā nobīs.

26.19 Pontifex ordinandīs Spiritum Sanctum dat.

26.20 Deus omnibus grātiam suam dat.

26.21 Christus discipulīs potestatem dedit.

26.22 Ecclesia fidelibus sacramenta dat.

26.23 Apostolī populō verbum Deī dedērunt.

26.24 Spīritus Sanctus dōna sua ecclesiae dat.

26.25 Maria nōbīs exemplum sanctitātis dedit.

26.26 Pater cotīdiē pānem nostrum dat.

26.27 Angelus Mariae nūntium dedit.

26.28 Martyrēs testimōnium veritātis dedērunt.

26.29 Episcopus presbyterō facultātem dat.

26.30 Deus fīliīs suīs vītam aeternam dat.

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Part D (Grammar Explanation)

In Christian liturgical Latin, the verb "dō" takes on special significance and exhibits particular patterns: -

Common Objects in Religious Context: -

Spiritual gifts (grātia, Spīritus Sanctus, dōna) -

Blessings (benedictio, pāx) -

Sacraments (sacramenta) -

Divine attributes (vita aeterna, potestās) -

Special Uses in Liturgical Language: -

Imperative forms (dā) in prayers -

Present tense (dat) for eternal truths -

Perfect tense (dedit) for historical acts of God -

Participles (dans, datūrus) in formal blessings -

Word Order in Liturgical Texts: -

More formal than classical Latin -

Often follows biblical Latin patterns -

Frequently begins with Divine names -

Verb often appears at end of clause -

Important Grammatical Patterns: -

Dative of recipient common with religious terms -

Genitives of specification (e.g., verbum Deī) -

Use of possessive adjectives (tuus, noster) -

Vocative case in direct address to God -

Christian Vocabulary with "dō": -

Religious offices (sacerdōs, pontifex, episcopus) -

Divine persons (Deus, Christus, Spīritus Sanctus) -

Church terminology (ecclesia, sacrāmenta) -

Spiritual concepts (grātia, benedictio)

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