← Latinum Institute Ecclesiastical Latin Reading Course
Today's lesson focuses on the conjunction "atque" (and, and also), which adds information with slightly more emphasis than et. It can also mean "than" after comparatives and "as" in certain phrases like "simul atque" (as soon as).
33.1 Pater the father atque and māter the mother templum the temple intrant enter
33.2 Servus the slave cēnam dinner parat prepares atque and dominum the master vocat calls
33.3 Senātor the senator surgit rises atque and populum the people salūtat greets
33.4 Deus God benignus kind est is atque and misericors merciful est is
33.5 Sacerdōs the priest ōrat prays atque and benedīcit blesses
33.6 Lūna the moon clārior brighter atque than stellae the stars est is
33.7 Magister the teacher legit reads atque and discipulī the students audiunt listen
33.8 Campāna the bell sonat rings atque and monachī the monks cantant sing
33.9 Episcopus the bishop venit comes atque and fidēlēs the faithful docet teaches
33.10 Crūx the cross alta high atque and sancta holy stat stands
33.11 Marīa Mary pulchrior more beautiful atque than rōsa a rose est is
33.12 Simul as soon atque as lūx light appāret appears surgimus we rise
33.13 Angeli angels cantant sing atque and laudant praise Dominum the Lord
33.14 Pāx peace vēra true atque and perfecta perfect venit comes
33.15 Templum the temple novum new atque and magnificum magnificent est is
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33.1 Pater atque māter templum intrant. The father and mother enter the temple.
33.2 Servus cēnam parat atque dominum vocat. The slave prepares dinner and calls the master.
33.3 Senātor surgit atque populum salūtat. The senator rises and greets the people.
33.4 Deus benignus est atque misericors est. God is kind and merciful.
33.5 Sacerdōs ōrat atque benedīcit. The priest prays and blesses.
33.6 Lūna clārior atque stellae est. The moon is brighter than the stars.
33.7 Magister legit atque discipulī audiunt. The teacher reads and the students listen.
33.8 Campāna sonat atque monachī cantant. The bell rings and the monks sing.
33.9 Episcopus venit atque fidēlēs docet. The bishop comes and teaches the faithful.
33.10 Crūx alta atque sancta stat. The high and holy cross stands.
33.11 Marīa pulchrior atque rōsa est. Mary is more beautiful than a rose.
33.12 Simul atque lūx appāret surgimus. As soon as light appears, we rise.
33.13 Angelī cantant atque laudant Dominum. Angels sing and praise the Lord.
33.14 Pāx vēra atque perfecta venit. True and perfect peace comes.
33.15 Templum novum atque magnificum est. The temple is new and magnificent.
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33.1 Pater atque māter templum intrant.
33.2 Servus cēnam parat atque dominum vocat.
33.3 Senātor surgit atque populum salūtat.
33.4 Deus benignus est atque misericors est.
33.5 Sacerdōs ōrat atque benedīcit.
33.6 Lūna clārior atque stellae est.
33.7 Magister legit atque discipulī audiunt.
33.8 Campāna sonat atque monachī cantant.
33.9 Episcopus venit atque fidēlēs docet.
33.10 Crūx alta atque sancta stat.
33.11 Marīa pulchrior atque rōsa est.
33.12 Simul atque lūx appāret surgimus.
33.13 Angelī cantant atque laudant Dominum.
33.14 Pāx vēra atque perfecta venit.
33.15 Templum novum atque magnificum est.
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For English speakers, "atque" can be understood through these key points: -
Basic Usage -
Functions primarily as a coordinating conjunction -
Joins words, phrases, or clauses -
Slightly more emphatic than "et" -
Often used in formal or elevated language -
Special Uses -
After comparatives: means "than" -
In the phrase "simul atque": means "as soon as" -
Can emphasize similarity or connection more strongly than "et" -
Word Order -
Usually appears between the items it connects -
Can start a sentence for emphasis -
Never appears at the end of a clause -
Grammar Rules -
Does not affect the case of connected words -
Connected elements must be grammatically parallel -
Can connect any number of elements
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For English speakers, understanding "atque" requires cultural context: -
In Classical Latin -
More formal than "et" -
Often used in legal and religious language -
Common in poetry and elevated prose -
In Christian Latin -
Frequently used in liturgical texts -
Important in biblical translations -
Used to emphasize divine attributes -
Modern Relevance -
No direct English equivalent -
Helps understand formal Latin style -
Important for reading religious texts
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Part F-A (Interleaved Text)
From Augustine's "Confessions" (I.1):
Magnus great es you are Domine O Lord atque and laudābilis praiseworthy valdē greatly
Magnus es, Domine, atque laudābilis valdē. Great are you, O Lord, and greatly to be praised.
Augustine uses "atque" to connect two essential attributes of God, emphasizing both His greatness and praiseworthiness.
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"atque" connects two predicative adjectives -
Both adjectives agree with "Domine" (vocative case) -
Formal religious language typical of Christian Latin
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33.16 Sanctus holy atque and immortālis immortal Deus God miserēre have mercy nōbīs on us
33.17 Omnēs all sanctī saints atque and angelī angels ōrāte pray prō for nōbīs us
33.18 Glōria glory Patrī to the Father atque and Fīliō to the Son in for saecula ages
33.19 Lūx light vēra true atque and aetērna eternal illūminābit will illuminate fidēlēs the faithful
33.20 Pānem bread caelestem heavenly atque and calicem cup salūtis of salvation accipimus we receive
33.21 Agnus Lamb Deī of God sanctus holy atque and benedictus blessed est is
33.22 Māter Mother Deī of God clēmēns merciful atque and pīa faithful est is
33.23 Simul as soon atque as sacerdōs the priest benedīcit blesses genūa knees flectimus we bend
33.24 Crēdō I believe in in Deum God omnipotentem almighty atque and misericordem merciful
33.25 Spīritus Spirit Sanctus Holy docet teaches atque and illūminat illuminates nōs us
33.26 Cantāmus we sing psalmōs psalms atque and hymnōs hymns in in ecclēsiā church
33.27 Pāx peace Domini of the Lord sit may be semper always vōbīscum with you atque and cum with spīritū spirit tuō your
33.28 Ōrāmus we pray prō for vīvīs the living atque and dēfūnctīs the dead
33.29 Lectōr the reader legit reads epistulam the epistle atque and evangelium gospel sanctum holy
33.30 Accipite receive benedictionem blessing Deī of God omnipotentis almighty atque and clēmentis merciful
33.16 Sanctus atque immortālis Deus miserēre nōbīs. Holy and immortal God, have mercy on us.
33.17 Omnēs sanctī atque angelī ōrāte prō nōbīs. All saints and angels, pray for us.
33.18 Glōria Patrī atque Fīliō in saecula. Glory to the Father and to the Son forever.
33.19 Lūx vēra atque aetērna illūminābit fidēlēs. True and eternal light will illuminate the faithful.
33.20 Pānem caelestem atque calicem salūtis accipimus. We receive the heavenly bread and cup of salvation.
33.21 Agnus Deī sanctus atque benedictus est. The Lamb of God is holy and blessed.
33.22 Māter Deī clēmēns atque pīa est. The Mother of God is merciful and faithful.
33.23 Simul atque sacerdōs benedīcit genūa flectimus. As soon as the priest blesses, we bend our knees.
33.24 Crēdō in Deum omnipotentem atque misericordem. I believe in God almighty and merciful.
33.25 Spīritus Sanctus docet atque illūminat nōs. The Holy Spirit teaches and illuminates us.
33.26 Cantāmus psalmōs atque hymnōs in ecclēsiā. We sing psalms and hymns in church.
33.27 Pāx Domini sit semper vōbīscum atque cum spīritū tuō. The peace of the Lord be always with you and with your spirit.
33.28 Ōrāmus prō vīvīs atque dēfūnctīs. We pray for the living and the dead.
33.29 Lectōr legit epistulam atque evangelium sanctum. The reader reads the epistle and holy gospel.
33.30 Accipite benedictionem Deī omnipotentis atque clēmentis. Receive the blessing of God almighty and merciful.
33.16 Sanctus atque immortālis Deus miserēre nōbīs.
33.17 Omnēs sanctī atque angelī ōrāte prō nōbīs.
33.18 Glōria Patrī atque Fīliō in saecula.
33.19 Lūx vēra atque aetērna illūminābit fidēlēs.
33.20 Pānem caelestem atque calicem salūtis accipimus.
33.21 Agnus Deī sanctus atque benedictus est.
33.22 Māter Deī clēmēns atque pīa est.
33.23 Simul atque sacerdōs benedīcit genūa flectimus.
33.24 Crēdō in Deum omnipotentem atque misericordem.
33.25 Spīritus Sanctus docet atque illūminat nōs.
33.26 Cantāmus psalmōs atque hymnōs in ecclēsiā.
33.27 Pāx Domini sit semper vōbīscum atque cum spīritū tuō.
33.28 Ōrāmus prō vīvīs atque dēfūnctīs.
33.29 Lectōr legit epistulam atque evangelium sanctum.
33.30 Accipite benedictionem Deī omnipotentis atque clēmentis.
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Formal Religious Language -
"Atque" is commonly used in liturgical Latin for solemn emphasis -
Often connects pairs of divine attributes -
Used in fixed formulas and responses -
Special Constructions -
With imperatives (e.g., "ōrāte," "accipite") -
In blessings and invocations -
Connecting parallel liturgical actions -
Word Order in Liturgical Contexts -
More formal than conversational Latin -
Often follows traditional liturgical patterns -
May preserve archaic constructions -
Usage Notes for English Speakers -
More formal than English "and" -
Creates rhythm in liturgical recitation -
Helps mark important paired concepts
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