Lesson 58

Part A (Interleaved English and Latin Text)

58.1 Magnus great rēx king urbem city amat loves

58.2 Rēx king bonus good populum people regit rules

58.3 Fīlius son rēgis of king equum horse habet has

58.4 Rēgī to king novō new cīvēs citizens pārent obey

58.5 Mīlitēs soldiers rēgem king nostrum our sequuntur follow

58.6 Ā by rēge king sapiēnte wise docēmur we are taught

58.7 Rēgēs kings antiquī ancient templum temple aedificant build

58.8 Populus people rēgum of kings memor mindful est is

58.9 Multī many rēgibus to kings dōna gifts dant give

58.10 Forte brave rēgēs kings hostēs enemies vincent will conquer

58.11 Sub under rēgibus kings pāx peace flōret flourishes

58.12 Fīlia daughter rēgis of king pulchra beautiful cantat sings

58.13 Rēgī to king senī old corōnam crown ferunt they bring

58.14 Deī gods rēgem king iustum just servant protect

58.15 Cum with rēge king nostrō our ambulāmus we walk

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Part B (Complete Natural Sentences)

58.1 Magnus rēx urbem amat. The great king loves the city.

58.2 Bonus rēx populum regit. The good king rules the people.

58.3 Fīlius rēgis equum habet. The king's son has a horse.

58.4 Novō rēgī cīvēs pārent. The citizens obey the new king.

58.5 Mīlitēs rēgem nostrum sequuntur. The soldiers follow our king.

58.6 Ā rēge sapiēnte docēmur. We are taught by the wise king.

58.7 Templum rēgēs antiquī aedificant. The ancient kings build a temple.

58.8 Rēgum populus memor est. The people are mindful of the kings.

58.9 Rēgibus multī dōna dant. Many give gifts to the kings.

58.10 Hostēs rēgēs fortēs vincent. The brave kings will conquer the enemies.

58.11 Pāx sub rēgibus flōret. Peace flourishes under the kings.

58.12 Pulchra rēgis fīlia cantat. The king's beautiful daughter sings.

58.13 Senī rēgī corōnam ferunt. They bring a crown to the old king.

58.14 Rēgem iustum deī servant. The gods protect the just king.

58.15 Cum rēge nostrō ambulāmus. We walk with our king.

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Part C (Latin Text Only)

58.1 Magnus rēx urbem amat.

58.2 Bonus rēx populum regit.

58.3 Fīlius rēgis equum habet.

58.4 Novō rēgī cīvēs pārent.

58.5 Mīlitēs rēgem nostrum sequuntur.

58.6 Ā rēge sapiēnte docēmur.

58.7 Templum rēgēs antiquī aedificant.

58.8 Rēgum populus memor est.

58.9 Rēgibus multī dōna dant.

58.10 Hostēs rēgēs fortēs vincent.

58.11 Pāx sub rēgibus flōret.

58.12 Pulchra rēgis fīlia cantat.

58.13 Senī rēgī corōnam ferunt.

58.14 Rēgem iustum deī servant.

58.15 Cum rēge nostrō ambulāmus.

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Part D (Grammar Explanation)

For English speakers learning Latin, the noun "rēx" has several important features: -

Declension Pattern: -

Third declension masculine noun -

Stem (rēg-) differs from nominative (rēx) -

Full declension: Singular: -

Nominative: rēx -

Genitive: rēgis -

Dative: rēgī -

Accusative: rēgem -

Ablative: rēge

Plural: -

Nominative: rēgēs -

Genitive: rēgum -

Dative: rēgibus -

Accusative: rēgēs -

Ablative: rēgibus -

Common Uses: -

Subject (nominative): rēx imperat -

Possession (genitive): fīlius rēgis -

Indirect object (dative): rēgī pārent -

Direct object (accusative): rēgem amant -

Agent/instrument (ablative): ā rēge, cum rēge -

Special Constructions: -

With prepositions: sub rēge, cum rēge -

In titles: rēx Rōmānus -

As address: Ō rēx! -

Important Notes for English Speakers: -

Remember stem change (rēx → rēg-) -

Practice all cases -

Note similar pattern in related words (lēx, grex)

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Part E (Cultural Context)

For English speakers, understanding "rēx" requires cultural context: -

Roman Views of Kingship: -

Early Roman kings (before Republic) -

Negative associations after monarchy -

Foreign kings (often seen as despots) -

Divine kingship concepts -

Medieval Development: -

Christian kings as God's representatives -

Sacred kingship traditions -

Coronation ceremonies -

Royal responsibilities -

Literary Treatment: -

Kings in Roman history -

Biblical kings -

Medieval royal chronicles -

Exemplary monarchs -

Modern Connections: -

Words derived from rēx -

Royal terminology -

Political concepts -

Cultural references

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Genre Section: Medieval Chronicle

Part A (Interleaved Text)

58.16 Beātus blessed rēx king Eduardus Edward populum people suum his iūste justly gubernābat governed

58.17 Omnēs all rēgem king sanctum holy laudābant were praising

58.18 Rēx king pius pious ecclesiam church novam new aedificāvit built

58.19 Dedit gave rēx king pauperibus to poor multam much pecūniam money

58.20 Rēgis of king virtūtēs virtues monachī monks scrīpsērunt wrote

58.21 Sub under rēge king Davidō David pāx peace erat was

58.22 Rēgī to king fīdēlī faithful angeli angels appāruērunt appeared

58.23 Rēgem king mortuum dead omnēs all plōrābant were mourning

58.24 Rēgēs kings bonī good Deō to God serviēbant were serving

58.25 Multae many gentēs peoples rēgibus to kings Christiānīs Christian pāruērunt obeyed

58.26 Rēgum of kings pietātem piety laudāmus we praise

58.27 Rēx king humilis humble corōnam crown spīneam thorny portābat was carrying

58.28 Rēgēs kings trēs three Chrīstum Christ adōrāvērunt worshipped

58.29 Monasteria monasteries ā by rēge king fundāta founded sunt were

58.30 Rēgī to king ōrantī praying Deus God benedīxit blessed

Part B (Complete Natural Sentences)

58.16 Beātus rēx Eduardus populum suum iūste gubernābat. Blessed King Edward governed his people justly.

58.17 Rēgem sanctum omnēs laudābant. All were praising the holy king.

58.18 Ecclesiam novam pius rēx aedificāvit. The pious king built a new church.

58.19 Pauperibus rēx multam pecūniam dedit. The king gave much money to the poor.

58.20 Virtūtēs rēgis monachī scrīpsērunt. The monks wrote of the king's virtues.

58.21 Pāx sub rēge Davidō erat. There was peace under King David.

58.22 Angelī rēgī fīdēlī appāruērunt. Angels appeared to the faithful king.

58.23 Mortuum rēgem omnēs plōrābant. All were mourning the dead king.

58.24 Deō rēgēs bonī serviēbant. The good kings were serving God.

58.25 Rēgibus Christiānīs multae gentēs pāruērunt. Many peoples obeyed the Christian kings.

58.26 Pietātem rēgum laudāmus. We praise the piety of kings.

58.27 Humilis rēx corōnam spīneam portābat. The humble king was carrying the crown of thorns.

58.28 Chrīstum rēgēs trēs adōrāvērunt. The three kings worshipped Christ.

58.29 Monasteria ā rēge fundāta sunt. Monasteries were founded by the king.

58.30 Rēgī ōrantī Deus benedīxit. God blessed the praying king.

Part C (Latin Text Only)

58.16 Beātus rēx Eduardus populum suum iūste gubernābat.

58.17 Rēgem sanctum omnēs laudābant.

58.18 Ecclesiam novam pius rēx aedificāvit.

58.19 Pauperibus rēx multam pecūniam dedit.

58.20 Virtūtēs rēgis monachī scrīpsērunt.

58.21 Pāx sub rēge Davidō erat.

58.22 Angelī rēgī fīdēlī appāruērunt.

58.23 Mortuum rēgem omnēs plōrābant.

58.24 Deō rēgēs bonī serviēbant.

58.25 Rēgibus Christiānīs multae gentēs pāruērunt.

58.26 Pietātem rēgum laudāmus.

58.27 Humilis rēx corōnam spīneam portābat.

58.28 Chrīstum rēgēs trēs adōrāvērunt.

58.29 Monasteria ā rēge fundāta sunt.

58.30 Rēgī ōrantī Deus benedīxit.

Part D (Grammar Explanation)

For English speakers studying medieval Latin chronicles, several key grammatical features appear: -

Religious and Royal Vocabulary: -

beātus, pius, sanctus with rēx -

ecclesia, monasterium as objects -

Christian terms: Deus, Chrīstus, angelī -

Common Constructions: -

Ablative of agent: ā rēge -

Present participle as adjective: ōrantī -

Passive periphrastic: fundāta sunt -

Dative of possession: rēgī fīdēlī -

Verb Forms in Chronicles: -

Perfect tense for specific events: aedificāvit -

Imperfect for background: gubernābat -

Present for universal truths: laudāmus -

Passive voice for formal records: fundāta sunt -

Special Features: -

Names in apposition: rēx Eduardus -

Attributive adjectives: beātus rēx -

Proper names: Davidus, Eduardus -

Religious formulae: Deō servīre

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