Lesson 62

Part A (Interleaved English and Latin Text)

62.1 Inter between multōs many amīcōs friends vīvit he lives

62.2 Puer boy inter among arborēs trees lūdit plays

62.3 Sacerdōs priest inter among fīdēlēs faithful ambulat walks

62.4 Inter during bellum war multī many perīērunt perished

62.5 Magister teacher inter among discipulōs pupils sedet sits

62.6 Inter between urbem city et and silvam forest flūmen river fluit flows

62.7 Crux cross inter between duās two stellās stars lūcet shines

62.8 Inter among omnēs all virtūtēs virtues cāritās charity prīma first est is

62.9 Monasterium monastery inter between montēs mountains stat stands

62.10 Pāstor shepherd inter among ovēs sheep dormit sleeps

62.11 Inter during missam mass canunt they sing psalmos psalms

62.12 Episcopus bishop inter among pauperēs poor sedēbat was sitting

62.13 Inter between caelum heaven et and terram earth volant fly avēs birds

62.14 Christus Christ inter between latrōnēs thieves pependit hung

62.15 Inter among librōs books sacrōs sacred biblia bible est is

✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾

Part B (Complete Natural Sentences)

62.1 Inter multōs amīcōs vīvit. He lives among many friends.

62.2 Puer inter arborēs lūdit. The boy plays among the trees.

62.3 Inter fīdēlēs ambulat sacerdōs. The priest walks among the faithful.

62.4 Multī inter bellum perīērunt. Many perished during the war.

62.5 Magister inter discipulōs sedet. The teacher sits among the pupils.

62.6 Flūmen inter urbem et silvam fluit. A river flows between the city and the forest.

62.7 Crux inter duās stellās lūcet. The cross shines between two stars.

62.8 Inter omnēs virtūtēs cāritās prīma est. Among all virtues, charity is first.

62.9 Monasterium inter montēs stat. The monastery stands between the mountains.

62.10 Inter ovēs dormit pāstor. The shepherd sleeps among the sheep.

62.11 Psalmos inter missam canunt. They sing psalms during mass.

62.12 Episcopus inter pauperēs sedēbat. The bishop was sitting among the poor.

62.13 Avēs inter caelum et terram volant. Birds fly between heaven and earth.

62.14 Christus inter latrōnēs pependit. Christ hung between thieves.

62.15 Inter librōs sacrōs biblia est. The bible is among the sacred books.

✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾

Part C (Latin Text Only)

62.1 Inter multōs amīcōs vīvit.

62.2 Puer inter arborēs lūdit.

62.3 Inter fīdēlēs ambulat sacerdōs.

62.4 Multī inter bellum perīērunt.

62.5 Magister inter discipulōs sedet.

62.6 Flūmen inter urbem et silvam fluit.

62.7 Crux inter duās stellās lūcet.

62.8 Inter omnēs virtūtēs cāritās prīma est.

62.9 Monasterium inter montēs stat.

62.10 Inter ovēs dormit pāstor.

62.11 Psalmos inter missam canunt.

62.12 Episcopus inter pauperēs sedēbat.

62.13 Avēs inter caelum et terram volant.

62.14 Christus inter latrōnēs pependit.

62.15 Inter librōs sacrōs biblia est.

✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾

Part D (Grammar Explanation)

For English speakers learning Latin, "inter" has several key features to understand: -

Basic Function: -

Preposition that always takes the accusative case -

Indicates position or movement between/among things -

Can also indicate time duration -

Common Uses: -

Physical location: "inter arborēs" (among trees) -

Abstract relationships: "inter amīcōs" (among friends) -

Temporal meaning: "inter missam" (during mass) -

With paired objects: "inter caelum et terram" (between heaven and earth) -

Word Order: -

Usually precedes its object -

Can be separated from its object for emphasis -

Often appears at the start of its phrase -

Special Constructions: -

With numbers: "inter duās stellās" -

With pronouns: "inter sē" (among themselves) -

In fixed phrases: "inter aliōs" (among others)

✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾

Part E (Cultural Context)

For English speakers, understanding "inter" requires cultural context: -

Religious Usage: -

Frequent in Christian texts describing relationships -

Used in liturgical language -

Important in describing sacred hierarchies -

Common in biblical translations -

Medieval Context: -

Used in monastic rules and documents -

Important in describing social relationships -

Found in educational texts -

Common in legal documents -

Modern Relevance: -

Source of English words like "international" -

Used in academic and legal Latin -

Found in church Latin -

Present in scientific terminology

✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾

Part F (Literary Citation)

From Augustine's "Confessions" (Book I, Chapter VI):

Part F-A (Interleaved Text)

Part F-A (Interleaved Text)

Quid what enim for est is illud that quod which volō I wish dīcere to say, Domine Lord, nisi except quia that nesciō I do not know unde whence vēnerim I came hūc here, in into istam this dīcō I say mortālem mortal vītam life an or morientem dying vītam life?

Part F-B (Complete Translation)

"Quid enim est illud quod volō dīcere, Domine, nisi quia nesciō unde vēnerim hūc, in istam dīcō mortālem vītam an morientem vītam?"

For what is it that I wish to say, Lord, except that I do not know whence I came here, into this, I say, mortal life or dying life?

Part F-C (Literary Analysis)

Augustine uses complex sentence structure to express spiritual uncertainty. Key features: -

Rhetorical question format -

Direct address to God -

Parallel structure in "mortālem vītam"/"morientem vītam" -

Personal reflection typical of Confessions

Part F-D (Grammatical Notes)

-

"quod volō dīcere" - relative clause -

"unde vēnerim" - indirect question -

"mortālem/morientem vītam" - accusative objects -

Use of subjunctive in dependent clauses

✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾

Genre Section: Monastic Rule

Part A (Interleaved Text)

62.16 Inter among frātrēs brothers pāx peace semper always servanda must be kept est is

62.17 Prior prior inter among monachōs monks prīmus first surgit rises

62.18 Inter during vigiliam vigil frātrēs brothers psalmos psalms cantant sing

62.19 Novitius novice inter among seniōrēs elders silentium silence tenet keeps

62.20 Inter between orātionem prayer et and labōrem work tempus time dividitur is divided

62.21 Abbas abbot inter among omnēs all aequus fair esse to be dēbet ought

62.22 Inter during matūtīnum matins et and vesperam vespers septem seven horae hours sunt are

62.23 Caritas charity inter among frātrēs brothers praecipua chief virtūs virtue est is

62.24 Inter between duo two officia services lectio reading fit happens

62.25 Cellae cells inter among sē themselves distant are distant sunt are

62.26 Inter during cēnam supper lectio reading sacra sacred auditur is heard

62.27 Libri books inter among frātrēs brothers distribuuntur are distributed

62.28 Inter between ecclesiam church et and dormitōrium dormitory claustrum cloister est is

62.29 Silentium silence inter during cōntemplatīōnem contemplation servātur is kept

62.30 Inter among regulās rules monasteriī of monastery haec this prīma first est is

Part B (Complete Natural Sentences)

62.16 Inter frātrēs pāx semper servanda est. Peace must always be kept among the brothers.

62.17 Prior inter monachōs prīmus surgit. The prior rises first among the monks.

62.18 Frātrēs inter vigiliam psalmos cantant. The brothers sing psalms during the vigil.

62.19 Novitius inter seniōrēs silentium tenet. The novice keeps silence among the elders.

62.20 Tempus inter orātionem et labōrem dividitur. Time is divided between prayer and work.

62.21 Abbas inter omnēs aequus esse dēbet. The abbot ought to be fair among all.

62.22 Inter matūtīnum et vesperam septem horae sunt. There are seven hours between matins and vespers.

62.23 Caritas inter frātrēs praecipua virtūs est. Charity is the chief virtue among the brothers.

62.24 Inter duo officia lectio fit. Reading takes place between two services.

62.25 Cellae inter sē distant sunt. The cells are distant from each other.

62.26 Inter cēnam lectio sacra auditur. Sacred reading is heard during supper.

62.27 Librī inter frātrēs distribuuntur. Books are distributed among the brothers.

62.28 Claustrum inter ecclesiam et dormitōrium est. The cloister is between the church and the dormitory.

62.29 Silentium inter cōntemplatīōnem servātur. Silence is kept during contemplation.

62.30 Inter regulās monasteriī haec prīma est. Among the rules of the monastery, this is the first.

✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾

Part C (Latin Text Only)

62.16 Inter frātrēs pāx semper servanda est.

62.17 Prior inter monachōs prīmus surgit.

62.18 Frātrēs inter vigiliam psalmos cantant.

62.19 Novitius inter seniōrēs silentium tenet.

62.20 Tempus inter orātionem et labōrem dividitur.

62.21 Abbas inter omnēs aequus esse dēbet.

62.22 Inter matūtīnum et vesperam septem horae sunt.

62.23 Caritas inter frātrēs praecipua virtūs est.

62.24 Inter duo officia lectio fit.

62.25 Cellae inter sē distant sunt.

62.26 Inter cēnam lectio sacra auditur.

62.27 Librī inter frātrēs distribuuntur.

62.28 Claustrum inter ecclesiam et dormitōrium est.

62.29 Silentium inter cōntemplatīōnem servātur.

62.30 Inter regulās monasteriī haec prīma est.

✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾

Part D (Grammar Explanation)

For English speakers learning monastic Latin, the use of "inter" in religious contexts requires attention to several special features: -

Temporal Uses in Monastic Schedule: -

Marking periods between prayers: "inter matūtīnum et vesperam" -

During religious activities: "inter vigiliam" -

During communal activities: "inter cēnam" -

Spatial Relationships in Monastery: -

Between buildings: "inter ecclesiam et dormitōrium" -

Among community members: "inter frātrēs" -

Relative positions: "inter sē" (among themselves) -

Abstract Relationships: -

In rules and regulations: "inter regulās" -

In community hierarchy: "inter monachōs" -

In spiritual matters: "inter orātionem et labōrem" -

Special Monastic Constructions: -

With gerundive of obligation: "servanda est" -

With communal activities: "distribuuntur" -

With spiritual practices: "silentium servātur" -

Word Order in Monastic Latin: -

Often follows Classical patterns -

But may be influenced by liturgical language -

Sometimes altered for emphasis in rule books

✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾

---