Lesson 7

Reading Lesson: Post-Classical and Medieval Latin for English Speakers

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Part A (Interlinear English-Latin Text)

7.1 This book hic liber contains continet sacred writings sacras scripturas

7.2 This church haec ecclesia stands stat on in the hill colle

7.3 This monastery hoc monasterium houses continet many monks multos monachos

7.4 These prayers hae preces are sung cantantur daily cotidie

7.5 This holy water haec aqua sancta blesses benedicit the faithful fideles

7.6 This altar hoc altare holds tenet sacred relics sacras reliquias

7.7 These candles hi cerei burn ardent brightly clare

7.8 This priest hic sacerdos celebrates celebrat Mass Missam

7.9 This bell haec campana calls vocat to prayer ad orationem

7.10 This cross haec crux stands stat on super the altar altare

7.11 This gospel hoc evangelium teaches docet truth veritatem

7.12 These psalms hi psalmi praise laudant the Lord Dominum

7.13 This choir hic chorus sings cantat beautifully pulchre

7.14 This incense hoc thus rises ascendit to heaven ad caelum

7.15 These saints hi sancti intercede intercedunt for us pro nobis

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Part B (Complete Latin Sentences with English Translation)

7.1 Hic liber sacras scripturas continet. This book contains sacred writings.

7.2 Haec ecclesia in colle stat. This church stands on the hill.

7.3 Hoc monasterium multos monachos continet. This monastery houses many monks.

7.4 Hae preces cotidie cantantur. These prayers are sung daily.

7.5 Haec aqua sancta fideles benedicit. This holy water blesses the faithful.

7.6 Hoc altare sacras reliquias tenet. This altar holds sacred relics.

7.7 Hi cerei clare ardent. These candles burn brightly.

7.8 Hic sacerdos Missam celebrat. This priest celebrates Mass.

7.9 Haec campana ad orationem vocat. This bell calls to prayer.

7.10 Haec crux super altare stat. This cross stands on the altar.

7.11 Hoc evangelium veritatem docet. This gospel teaches truth.

7.12 Hi psalmi Dominum laudant. These psalms praise the Lord.

7.13 Hic chorus pulchre cantat. This choir sings beautifully.

7.14 Hoc thus ad caelum ascendit. This incense rises to heaven.

7.15 Hi sancti pro nobis intercedunt. These saints intercede for us.

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Part C (Latin Text Only)

7.1 Hic liber sacras scripturas continet.

7.2 Haec ecclesia in colle stat.

7.3 Hoc monasterium multos monachos continet.

7.4 Hae preces cotidie cantantur.

7.5 Haec aqua sancta fideles benedicit.

7.6 Hoc altare sacras reliquias tenet.

7.7 Hi cerei clare ardent.

7.8 Hic sacerdos Missam celebrat.

7.9 Haec campana ad orationem vocat.

7.10 Haec crux super altare stat.

7.11 Hoc evangelium veritatem docet.

7.12 Hi psalmi Dominum laudant.

7.13 Hic chorus pulchre cantat.

7.14 Hoc thus ad caelum ascendit.

7.15 Hi sancti pro nobis intercedunt.

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Part D (Grammar Explanation for English Speakers)

The demonstrative adjective "hic, haec, hoc" is essential in Post-Classical and Medieval Latin, particularly in liturgical and theological texts. Here's how it works: -

Basic Forms: -

Masculine singular: hic (this) -

Feminine singular: haec (this) -

Neuter singular: hoc (this) -

Masculine plural: hi (these) -

Feminine plural: hae (these) -

Neuter plural: haec (these) -

Usage Rules: -

Must agree with its noun in gender, number, and case -

Usually comes before the noun it modifies -

Can be used alone as a pronoun meaning "this one" or "these ones" -

Common Patterns in Church Latin: -

Liturgical references: "hic calix" (this chalice) -

Biblical citations: "hoc verbum" (this word) -

Prayer formulas: "haec oratio" (this prayer) -

Tips for English Speakers: -

Remember that Latin has gender while English doesn't -

Practice recognizing the gender of common church terms -

Notice how "this" changes form while meaning stays constant -

Common Mistakes to Avoid: -

Don't use "hic" for feminine nouns -

Don't forget to change form in plural -

Don't confuse with "is, ea, id" (that)

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Part E (Cultural Context for English Speakers)

Understanding "hic, haec, hoc" in Post-Classical and Medieval Latin requires awareness of its special role in Christian contexts: -

Liturgical Significance: -

Used in the Mass to indicate specific sacred objects -

Important in blessing formulas -

Critical in sacramental language -

Manuscript Traditions: -

Used in rubrics (instructions in red ink) -

Common in marginal notes -

Essential in biblical commentaries -

Educational Context: -

Basic vocabulary for medieval students -

Used extensively in monastery schools -

Key term in theological training -

Modern Relevance: -

Still used in traditional Latin Mass -

Important for reading medieval texts -

Essential for understanding church documents -

Cultural Differences: -

More precise than English "this/these" -

Carries sacred connotations in certain contexts -

Part of formal religious language

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Part F (Literary Citation)

Part F-A (Interlinear Analysis)

Part F-A (Interlinear Analysis)

"This is Hic est my body corpus meum" - Words of Institution from the Latin Mass

Part F-B (Complete Translation)

"Hic est corpus meum" = "This is my body"

Part F-C (Literary Analysis)

This phrase, central to Christian liturgy, demonstrates the precise use of "hic" in its most sacred context. The demonstrative adjective here functions as a pronoun, identifying the consecrated bread with Christ's body.

Part F-D (Grammatical Notes)

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"Hic" is masculine nominative singular, used as a pronoun -

"Est" is the third person singular of "sum" (to be) -

"Corpus" is neuter nominative singular -

"Meum" agrees with "corpus" in gender, number, and case

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Genre Section: Monastic Life

Part A (Interlinear English-Latin Text)

7.16 This monastery hoc monasterium follows sequitur the Rule Regulam of Saint Benedict Sancti Benedicti

7.17 These monks hi monachi rise surgunt before dawn ante lucem to pray ad orandum

7.18 This manuscript hic codex was written scriptus est by Brother John a Fratre Ioanne

7.19 This library haec bibliotheca contains continet many ancient books multos libros antiquos

7.20 These brothers hi fratres work laborant in in the fields agris daily cotidie

7.21 This chapel hoc sacellum welcomes accipit pilgrims peregrinos every day cotidie

7.22 These novices hi novitii study student the sacred texts sacros textus diligently diligenter

7.23 This bell tower haec turris campanaria marks signat the hours horas of prayer orationis

7.24 This garden hic hortus provides praebet herbs herbas for the infirmary infirmario

7.25 These walls hi muri have stood steterunt for centuries per saecula

7.26 This refectory hoc refectorium feeds nutrit the community communitatem in silence in silentio

7.27 These cells hae cellae house habitant the brothers fratres in simplicity in simplicitate

7.28 This cloister hoc claustrum invites invitat to meditation ad meditationem

7.29 These scriptures hae scripturae guide ducunt our lives vitas nostras

7.30 This Rule haec Regula orders ordinat all things omnia wisely sapienter

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Part B (Complete Latin Sentences with English Translation)

7.16 Hoc monasterium Regulam Sancti Benedicti sequitur. This monastery follows the Rule of Saint Benedict.

7.17 Hi monachi ante lucem ad orandum surgunt. These monks rise before dawn to pray.

7.18 Hic codex a Fratre Ioanne scriptus est. This manuscript was written by Brother John.

7.19 Haec bibliotheca multos libros antiquos continet. This library contains many ancient books.

7.20 Hi fratres in agris cotidie laborant. These brothers work in the fields daily.

7.21 Hoc sacellum peregrinos cotidie accipit. This chapel welcomes pilgrims every day.

7.22 Hi novitii sacros textus diligenter student. These novices study the sacred texts diligently.

7.23 Haec turris campanaria horas orationis signat. This bell tower marks the hours of prayer.

7.24 Hic hortus herbas infirmario praebet. This garden provides herbs for the infirmary.

7.25 Hi muri per saecula steterunt. These walls have stood for centuries.

7.26 Hoc refectorium communitatem in silentio nutrit. This refectory feeds the community in silence.

7.27 Hae cellae fratres in simplicitate habitant. These cells house the brothers in simplicity.

7.28 Hoc claustrum ad meditationem invitat. This cloister invites to meditation.

7.29 Hae scripturae vitas nostras ducunt. These scriptures guide our lives.

7.30 Haec Regula omnia sapienter ordinat. This Rule orders all things wisely.

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Part C (Latin Text Only)

7.16 Hoc monasterium Regulam Sancti Benedicti sequitur.

7.17 Hi monachi ante lucem ad orandum surgunt.

7.18 Hic codex a Fratre Ioanne scriptus est.

7.19 Haec bibliotheca multos libros antiquos continet.

7.20 Hi fratres in agris cotidie laborant.

7.21 Hoc sacellum peregrinos cotidie accipit.

7.22 Hi novitii sacros textus diligenter student.

7.23 Haec turris campanaria horas orationis signat.

7.24 Hic hortus herbas infirmario praebet.

7.25 Hi muri per saecula steterunt.

7.26 Hoc refectorium communitatem in silentio nutrit.

7.27 Hae cellae fratres in simplicitate habitant.

7.28 Hoc claustrum ad meditationem invitat.

7.29 Hae scripturae vitas nostras ducunt.

7.30 Haec Regula omnia sapienter ordinat.

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Part D (Grammar Notes for Monastic Genre) - Continued

Special considerations for using "hic, haec, hoc" in monastic Latin texts: -

Technical Vocabulary: -

Monastic terms are often neuter: monasterium (hoc), claustrum (hoc), refectorium (hoc) -

Religious buildings are feminine: ecclesia (haec), bibliotheca (haec), cella (haec) -

Roles and people are masculine: monachus (hic), frater (hic), novitius (hic) -

Common Phrases in Monastic Rules: -

"Hic locus" (this place) - referring to specific areas -

"Haec hora" (this hour) - for liturgical times -

"Hoc opus" (this work) - for assigned tasks -

"Hi fratres" (these brothers) - community references -

Liturgical Time References: -

Used with temporal markers: "hoc tempore" (at this time) -

In calendar references: "hoc die" (on this day) -

For feast days: "haec festivitas" (this feast) -

Manuscript Conventions: -

Used in rubrics: "hic incipit" (here begins) -

In margins: "hoc nota" (note this) -

For sections: "haec pars" (this part) -

Common Constructions in Monastic Texts: -

With gerunds: "ad hoc faciendum" (for doing this) -

With ablative absolute: "his dictis" (these things having been said) -

In relative clauses: "hic qui" (this one who) -

Special Usage in Rules and Constitutions: -

For commands: "haec servanda sunt" (these things must be observed) -

For permissions: "hoc licet" (this is permitted) -

For prohibitions: "hoc vetitum est" (this is forbidden) -

Architectural References: -

Specific locations: "hoc claustrum" (this cloister) -

Building parts: "haec porta" (this gate) -

Sacred spaces: "hoc altare" (this altar) -

Document Types: -

Official texts: "haec constitutio" (this constitution) -

Letters: "hae litterae" (this letter) -

Records: "hoc documentum" (this document) -

Community Life References: -

Daily activities: "haec opera" (these works) -

Communal duties: "hae responsabilitates" (these responsibilities) -

Spiritual practices: "hae orationes" (these prayers) -

Stylistic Considerations: -

More formal than classical Latin -

Often used with religious vocabulary -

Frequent in prescriptive contexts -

Common in descriptive passages about monastery life

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