← Latinum Institute Ecclesiastical Latin Reading Course
74.1 Magister teacher ipse himself quoque also discipulus pupil erat was
74.2 Parvus small quoque also liber book sapientiam wisdom continet contains
74.3 Meus my quoque also frāter brother Latīnē in Latin legit reads
74.4 Discipulī pupils quoque also magistrum teacher laudāre to praise dēbent ought
74.5 Illī those quoque also virī men doctī learned sunt are
74.6 Paulī Paul's quoque also epistulae letters vēritātem truth docent teach
74.7 Templum temple quoque also deī of god sanctum holy est is
74.8 Sorōrēs sisters quoque also cantum song amant love
74.9 Vōbīs to you quoque also grātiās thanks agimus we give
74.10 Antīquī ancient quoque also librī books scientiam knowledge habent have
74.11 Hīc here quoque also deum god laudāmus we praise
74.12 Nōbīs to us quoque also magister teacher fāvet shows favor
74.13 Vesperī in evening quoque also ōrāmus we pray
74.14 Puerī boys quoque also sapientēs wise esse to be possunt are able
74.15 Nunc now quoque also tempus time sacrum sacred est is
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74.1 Magister ipse quoque discipulus erat. The teacher himself too was a pupil.
74.2 Parvus quoque liber sapientiam continet. Even a small book contains wisdom.
74.3 Meus quoque frāter Latīnē legit. My brother too reads in Latin.
74.4 Discipulī quoque magistrum laudāre dēbent. The pupils too ought to praise the teacher.
74.5 Illī quoque virī doctī sunt. Those men too are learned.
74.6 Paulī quoque epistulae vēritātem docent. Paul's letters too teach truth.
74.7 Templum quoque deī sanctum est. The temple of God also is holy.
74.8 Sorōrēs quoque cantum amant. The sisters too love song.
74.9 Vōbīs quoque grātiās agimus. To you also we give thanks.
74.10 Antīquī quoque librī scientiam habent. Ancient books too have knowledge.
74.11 Hīc quoque deum laudāmus. Here too we praise God.
74.12 Nōbīs quoque magister fāvet. To us also the teacher shows favor.
74.13 Vesperī quoque ōrāmus. In the evening also we pray.
74.14 Puerī quoque sapientēs esse possunt. Boys too can be wise.
74.15 Nunc quoque tempus sacrum est. Now too the time is sacred.
For English speakers learning Latin, understanding "quoque" requires attention to several key points: -
Basic Function: -
Enclitic conjunction/adverb meaning "also, too" -
Always postpositive (follows word it modifies) -
Cannot begin a clause or sentence -
Links similar ideas or extends actions to additional subjects -
Position Rules: -
Immediately follows modified word -
Can appear anywhere except clause-initial -
Often follows pronouns and adjectives -
May follow first word of noun phrase -
Common Patterns: -
With personal pronouns: ego quoque, tū quoque -
With demonstratives: hic quoque, ille quoque -
With temporal words: nunc quoque, hodiē quoque -
With adjectives: parvus quoque, magnus quoque -
Translation Tips: -
"Also" or "too" following modified word -
"Even" when emphasizing surprising inclusion -
Sometimes best shown by word order in English -
May need restructuring for natural English -
Comparison with Other Words: -
etiam: more flexible position, broader meaning -
et: joins clauses/phrases, different position -
-que: enclitic, joins closely related items -
item: similar meaning but different position
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Understanding "quoque" in medieval Latin requires cultural context: -
In Religious Texts: -
Links divine and human actions -
Shows universality of spiritual truths -
Connects Old and New Testament parallels -
Emphasizes inclusion in God's plan -
In Educational Context: -
Used in dialectical arguments -
Shows parallel examples in teaching -
Links authorities' opinions -
Connects different levels of meaning -
In Monastic Usage: -
Indicates shared responsibilities -
Shows continuity of tradition -
Links individual and community -
Emphasizes universal application of rules -
Modern Relevance: -
Still used in Church Latin -
Important in theological texts -
Found in academic writing -
Helps understand medieval thought
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From Augustine's Confessions (Book X, Chapter 4):
Part F-A (Interleaved Text)
Quid what mihi to me ergō therefore est is cum with hominibus, men ut that audiant they should hear cōnfessiōnēs confessions meās, my quasi as if ipsī they themselves quoque also sānātūrī about to heal sint are omnēs all languōrēs weaknesses meōs? my
"Quid mihi ergō est cum hominibus, ut audiant cōnfessiōnēs meās, quasi ipsī quoque sānātūrī sint omnēs languōrēs meōs?"
What therefore is it to me with men, that they should hear my confessions, as if they too were going to heal all my weaknesses?
Augustine uses "quoque" here to: -
Emphasize human limitations -
Show shared human condition -
Connect divine and human healing -
Create rhetorical emphasis
-
"ipsī quoque" emphasizes the parallel -
"sānātūrī sint" is subjunctive in indirect question -
Position of "quoque" follows emphasized word -
Complex sentence structure typical of Augustine
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This section consists of 15 sentences (74.16-74.30), each following a similar pattern: subject + quoque + time/place expression + verb + object. The word quoque (also/likewise) appears in every sentence, emphasizing the routine and communal nature of monastic life.
Common monastic activities mentioned: - Liturgical: vigils (74.17), Prime (74.24), Mass (74.24), Vespers (74.28), Compline (74.30) - Daily work: garden labor (74.22), manuscript copying (74.23), reading in refectory (74.25) - Community life: hospitality (74.21), spiritual guidance (74.19, 74.29) - Discipline: silence, especially during Lent (74.26)
Notable grammatical features: - Ablative of time: nocte (74.20), aestāte (74.22), vesperī (74.28) - Ablative of time when: dominicīs diēbus (74.21), tempore quadrāgēsimae (74.26) - Comparative adverb: strictius (74.26) - "more strictly" - Adjective perfectum (74.30) used as substantive with silentium
Translation principle: Each sentence can be rendered: "[Subject] also [time/place] [verb] [object]" or rearranged for English style: "Also [time/place], [subject] [verb]..."
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74.16 Hōc quoque annō novī frātrēs monasterium intrāvērunt. In this year also new brothers entered the monastery.
74.17 Prīmā quoque vigiliā noctis conventus psallit. At the first night watch too the community chants psalms.
74.18 Pauperēs quoque cotīdiē ad portam cibum accipiunt. The poor too receive food daily at the gate.
74.19 Senex quoque monachus exemplum iuvenibus praebet. Even the elderly monk provides an example to the young ones.
74.20 Nocte quoque sacristā candēlās accendit. At night too the sacristan lights the candles.
74.21 Dominicīs quoque diēbus hospitēs venīre solent. On the Lord's days also guests are accustomed to come.
74.22 Aestāte quoque frātrēs in hortō labōrant. In summer too the brothers work in the garden.
74.23 Librārius quoque nova volumina scrībit. The librarian too writes new volumes.
74.24 Ante prīmam quoque missam monachī meditantur. Before the first mass also the monks meditate.
74.25 Hebdomadārius quoque in refectōriō legit. The weekly server too reads in the refectory.
74.26 Tempore quadrāgēsimae quoque silentium strictius servāmus. In the time of Lent also we keep silence more strictly.
74.27 Minimī quoque frātrēs in chōrō cantant. Even the least brothers sing in the choir.
74.28 Vesperī quoque prior nōs benedīcit. In the evening too the prior blesses us.
74.29 Magister noviciōrum quoque regulam cotīdiē explicat. The master of novices too explains the rule daily.
74.30 Post complētōrium quoque omnēs silentium perfectum servant. After compline also all observe complete silence.
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74.16 Hōc quoque annō novī frātrēs monasterium intrāvērunt.
74.17 Prīmā quoque vigiliā noctis conventus psallit.
74.18 Pauperēs quoque cotīdiē ad portam cibum accipiunt.
74.19 Senex quoque monachus exemplum iuvenibus praebet.
74.20 Nocte quoque sacristā candēlās accendit.
74.21 Dominicīs quoque diēbus hospitēs venīre solent.
74.22 Aestāte quoque frātrēs in hortō labōrant.
74.23 Librārius quoque nova volumina scrībit.
74.24 Ante prīmam quoque missam monachī meditantur.
74.25 Hebdomadārius quoque in refectōriō legit.
74.26 Tempore quadrāgēsimae quoque silentium strictius servāmus.
74.27 Minimī quoque frātrēs in chōrō cantant.
74.28 Vesperī quoque prior nōs benedīcit.
74.29 Magister noviciōrum quoque regulam cotīdiē explicat.
74.30 Post complētōrium quoque omnēs silentium perfectum servant.
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In monastic chronicles, "quoque" serves several distinct functions: -
Temporal Sequence: -
Links events in the daily cycle (ante prīmam quoque...) -
Shows continuity of practices (nocte quoque...) -
Connects liturgical hours (post complētōrium quoque...) -
Inclusive Function: -
Extends activities to all members (minimī quoque frātrēs...) -
Shows universal participation (omnēs quoque...) -
Includes unexpected participants (senex quoque monachus...) -
Seasonal Patterns: -
Links activities across liturgical seasons (tempore quadrāgēsimae quoque...) -
Shows year-round continuity (aestāte quoque...) -
Marks special occasions (dominicīs quoque diēbus...) -
Monastic Hierarchy: -
Includes various offices (hebdomadārius quoque...) -
Shows shared responsibilities (librārius quoque...) -
Demonstrates community unity (conventus quoque...) -
Special Uses in Chronicle Style: -
Marks continuing traditions -
Shows patterns of monastic life -
Links related observances -
Emphasizes community inclusion
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74.16 Hōc this quoque also annō in year novī new frātrēs brothers monasterium monastery intrāvērunt entered
74.17 Prīmā at first quoque also vigiliā vigil noctis of night conventus community psallit chants psalms
74.18 Pauperes poor quoque also cotīdiē daily ad at portam gate cibum food accipiunt receive
74.19 Senex old quoque also monachus monk exemplum example iuvenibus to young ones praebet provides
74.20 Nocte at night quoque also sacristā sacristan candēlās candles accendit lights
74.21 Dominicīs on Lord's quoque also diēbus days hospitēs guests venīre to come solent are accustomed
74.22 Aestāte in summer quoque also frātrēs brothers in in hortō garden labōrant work
74.23 Librārius librarian quoque also nova new volumina volumes scrībit writes
74.24 Ante before prīmam prime quoque also missam mass monachī monks meditantur meditate
74.25 Hebdomadārius weekly server quoque also in in refectōriō refectory legit reads
74.26 Tempore in time quadrāgēsimae of Lent quoque also silentium silence strictius more strictly servāmus we keep
74.27 Minimī least quoque also frātrēs brothers in in chōrō choir cantant sing
74.28 Vesperī in evening quoque also prior prior nōs us benedīcit blesses
74.29 Magister master noviciōrum of novices quoque also regulam rule cotīdiē daily explicat explains
74.30 Post after complētōrium compline quoque also omnēs all silentium silence perfectum complete servant observe
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55.31 Magister discipulum quoque docēre vult. The teacher wishes to teach the pupil also.
55.32 "Ego quoque studēre cupiō," respondet puer. "I too desire to study," replies the boy.
55.33 "Aliī quoque hīc discunt," magister dīcit. "Others also learn here," says the teacher.
55.34 "Līber tuus novus quoque est." "Your book is also new."
55.35 "Meus quoque," puer respondet. "Mine too," the boy replies.
55.36 "Pater meus quoque sapiens est." "My father is also wise."
55.37 "Māter tua quoque docta," magister dīcit. "Your mother is also learned," says the teacher.
55.38 "Frāter quoque meus linguam discit." "My brother also learns the language."
55.39 "Soror tua quoque hīc studet." "Your sister too studies here."
55.40 "Nōs quoque litterās amāmus." "We also love literature."
55.41 "Vōs quoque bonī discipulī estis." "You also are good pupils."
55.42 "Magistrī quoque semper discunt." "Teachers also always learn."
55.43 "Rōmānī quoque Graecam linguam studēbant." "The Romans also used to study the Greek language."
55.44 "Philosophī quoque errāre possunt." "Philosophers also can err."
55.45 "Poētae quoque vēritātem docent." "Poets also teach truth."
55.31 Magister discipulum quoque docēre vult.
55.32 "Ego quoque studēre cupiō," respondet puer.
55.33 "Aliī quoque hīc discunt," magister dīcit.
55.34 "Līber tuus novus quoque est."
55.35 "Meus quoque," puer respondet.
55.36 "Pater meus quoque sapiens est."
55.37 "Māter tua quoque docta," magister dīcit.
55.38 "Frāter quoque meus linguam discit."
55.39 "Soror tua quoque hīc studet."
55.40 "Nōs quoque litterās amāmus."
55.41 "Vōs quoque bonī discipulī estis."
55.42 "Magistrī quoque semper discunt."
55.43 "Rōmānī quoque Graecam linguam studēbant."
55.44 "Philosophī quoque errāre possunt."
55.45 "Poētae quoque vēritātem docent."
The positioning of "quoque" in dialogue requires special attention: -
Basic Position Rules: -
Follows the word it modifies -
Cannot begin a clause -
Often follows pronouns and nouns -
Common Patterns: a) With Personal Pronouns: -
"ego quoque" (I too) -
"nōs quoque" (we also) -
"vōs quoque" (you also)
b) With Possessive Adjectives: -
"meus quoque" (mine too) -
"tuus quoque" (yours also)
c) With Nouns: -
"magistrī quoque" (teachers also) -
"philosophī quoque" (philosophers also) -
In Direct Speech: -
Used to show agreement -
Indicates shared experiences -
Emphasizes commonality -
Special Uses: -
In responses: "Meus quoque" (Mine too) -
With general statements: "Magistrī quoque semper discunt" -
In historical contexts: "Rōmānī quoque"
This dialogue format demonstrates how "quoque" helps build connections between speakers and ideas in conversation.
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