Lesson 80

Part A (Interleaved English and Latin Text)

80.1 Magna great urbs city multōs many cīvēs citizens habet has

80.2 Hostēs enemies urbem city nostram our oppugnant attack

80.3 Circum around urbem city altus high mūrus wall stat stands

80.4 Urbī to the city novae new nōmen name dedimus we gave

80.5 Ex from urbe city multī many profugērunt fled

80.6 Urbs city Rōma Rome septem seven collēs hills habet has

80.7 Ad to urbem city sacram sacred vēnimus we came

80.8 Urbis of the city portae gates clausae closed sunt are

80.9 In in urbe city magnā great habitāmus we live

80.10 Urbem city antiquam ancient vidēmus we see

80.11 Tōtīus of the whole urbis city templum temple maximum greatest est is

80.12 Duae two urbēs cities bellum war gerunt wage

80.13 Multae many urbēs cities in in Italiā Italy sunt are

80.14 Omnēs all urbēs cities mūrōs walls habent have

80.15 Urbium of cities magnārum great glōria glory manet remains

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Part B (Complete Natural Sentences)

80.1 Magna urbs multōs cīvēs habet. The great city has many citizens.

80.2 Hostēs urbem nostram oppugnant. The enemies are attacking our city.

80.3 Circum urbem altus mūrus stat. A high wall stands around the city.

80.4 Urbī novae nōmen dedimus. We gave a name to the new city.

80.5 Ex urbe multī profugērunt. Many fled from the city.

80.6 Urbs Rōma septem collēs habet. The city of Rome has seven hills.

80.7 Ad urbem sacram vēnimus. We came to the sacred city.

80.8 Urbis portae clausae sunt. The gates of the city are closed.

80.9 In urbe magnā habitāmus. We live in a great city.

80.10 Urbem antiquam vidēmus. We see the ancient city.

80.11 Tōtīus urbis templum maximum est. It is the greatest temple of the whole city.

80.12 Duae urbēs bellum gerunt. Two cities wage war.

80.13 Multae urbēs in Italiā sunt. There are many cities in Italy.

80.14 Omnēs urbēs mūrōs habent. All cities have walls.

80.15 Urbium magnārum glōria manet. The glory of great cities remains.

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Part C (Latin Text Only)

80.1 Magna urbs multōs cīvēs habet.

80.2 Hostēs urbem nostram oppugnant.

80.3 Circum urbem altus mūrus stat.

80.4 Urbī novae nōmen dedimus.

80.5 Ex urbe multī profugērunt.

80.6 Urbs Rōma septem collēs habet.

80.7 Ad urbem sacram vēnimus.

80.8 Urbis portae clausae sunt.

80.9 In urbe magnā habitāmus.

80.10 Urbem antiquam vidēmus.

80.11 Tōtīus urbis templum maximum est.

80.12 Duae urbēs bellum gerunt.

80.13 Multae urbēs in Italiā sunt.

80.14 Omnēs urbēs mūrōs habent.

80.15 Urbium magnārum glōria manet.

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Part D (Grammar Explanation)

For English speakers learning Latin, understanding "urbs" involves several key points: -

Declension Pattern: -

Third declension feminine noun -

Stem: urb- -

Nominative singular ends in -s -

Genitive singular: urbis -

Forms: Singular: -

Nominative: urbs -

Genitive: urbis -

Dative: urbī -

Accusative: urbem -

Ablative: urbe

Plural: -

Nominative: urbēs -

Genitive: urbium -

Dative: urbibus -

Accusative: urbēs -

Ablative: urbibus -

Common Uses: -

Subject (nominative): Urbs magna est -

Direct object (accusative): Urbem videō -

Location (ablative with in): in urbe -

Possession (genitive): urbis portae -

Indirect object (dative): urbī nōmen dedit -

Prepositions commonly used with urbs: -

in + ablative (location in): in urbe -

ad + accusative (motion toward): ad urbem -

ex + ablative (motion from): ex urbe -

circum + accusative (around): circum urbem

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Part E (Cultural Context)

For English speakers, understanding "urbs" requires cultural context: -

Roman Concept of City: -

More than just buildings -

Political and religious center -

Symbol of civilization -

Usually walled and planned -

Religious Significance: -

Each city had patron deities -

Cities founded with religious ceremonies -

Urban temples were civic centers -

City boundaries were sacred -

Social Structure: -

Cities were centers of citizenship -

Urban vs. rural distinction important -

Cities granted special legal status -

Urban lifestyle considered sophisticated -

Modern Relevance: -

Source of words like "urban" -

Influences modern city planning -

Shapes understanding of civilization -

Important in historical studies

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Part F (Literary Citation)

From Augustine's "Dē Cīvitāte Deī" (City of God), Book I.1:

Part F-A (Interleaved Text)

Part F-A (Interleaved Text)

Gloriosissimam most glorious cīvitātem city Deī of God sīve whether in in hōc this temporum of times cursū course, cum when inter among impiōs impious peregrīnātur it journeys ex from fide faith vīvēns living, sīve or in in illā that stabilitāte stability sēdis of seat aeternae eternal.*

Part F-B (Complete Translation)

"Gloriosissimam cīvitātem Deī sīve in hōc temporum cursū, cum inter impiōs peregrīnātur ex fide vīvēns, sīve in illā stabilitāte sēdis aeternae."

The most glorious city of God, whether in this course of times, when it journeys among the impious living by faith, or in that stability of its eternal dwelling place.

Part F-C (Literary Analysis)

Augustine uses "cīvitās" (synonym of urbs) to describe both the earthly and heavenly aspects of God's city. The passage shows: -

Contrast between temporal and eternal -

City as both physical and spiritual concept -

Journey metaphor for Christian life -

Parallel structure with "sīve...sīve"

Part F-D (Grammatical Notes)

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"Gloriosissimam cīvitātem": accusative case -

"Deī": genitive of possession -

"temporum cursū": ablative of time -

"ex fide": ablative of means -

"sēdis aeternae": genitive modifying "stabilitāte"

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Genre Section: Hagiographic Narrative

Part A (Interleaved Text)

80.16 Sanctus holy man Benedictus Benedict ad to urbem city Rōmam Rome vēnit came

80.17 In in hāc this urbe city magnā great multa many mīrācula miracles fēcit he did

80.18 Omnēs all urbis of city incolae inhabitants sanctum holy man vidēre to see volēbant were wanting

80.19 Per through urbis of city viās streets pauperēs poor people benedīcēbat he was blessing

80.20 Urbem city totam whole Deī of God grātia grace replēvit he filled

80.21 Ex from urbe city in into solitudinem wilderness sē himself recēpit he withdrew

80.22 Multi many ex from urbe city eum him sequēbantur were following

80.23 Urbs city tōta whole prōdigiīs with miracles sanctī of the saint plēna full erat was

80.24 Ad to urbis of city portam gate caecum blind man sānāvit he healed

80.25 Urbī for city perīculōsae dangerous pācem peace rogāvit he asked

80.26 In in aliīs other urbibus cities quoque also mīrācula miracles fēcit he did

80.27 Urbēs cities multae many exemplum example eius his secūtae followed sunt are

80.28 Urbium of cities episcopī bishops ad to eum him veniēbant were coming

80.29 Deō to God prō for urbe city semper always ōrābat he was praying

80.30 Post after mortem death urbis of city patrōnus patron factus made est is

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Part B (Complete Natural Sentences)

80.16 Sanctus Benedictus ad urbem Rōmam vēnit. Saint Benedict came to the city of Rome.

80.17 In hāc urbe magnā multa mīrācula fēcit. In this great city he performed many miracles.

80.18 Omnēs urbis incolae sanctum vidēre volēbant. All the inhabitants of the city wanted to see the saint.

80.19 Per urbis viās pauperēs benedīcēbat. He was blessing the poor through the city's streets.

80.20 Urbem totam Deī grātia replēvit. He filled the whole city with God's grace.

80.21 Ex urbe in solitudinem sē recēpit. He withdrew from the city into the wilderness.

80.22 Multi ex urbe eum sequēbantur. Many from the city were following him.

80.23 Urbs tōta prōdigiīs sanctī plēna erat. The whole city was full of the saint's miracles.

80.24 Ad urbis portam caecum sānāvit. At the city gate he healed a blind man.

80.25 Urbī perīculōsae pācem rogāvit. He prayed for peace for the dangerous city.

80.26 In aliīs urbibus quoque mīrācula fēcit. He also performed miracles in other cities.

80.27 Urbēs multae exemplum eius secūtae sunt. Many cities followed his example.

80.28 Urbium episcopī ad eum veniēbant. The bishops of the cities were coming to him.

80.29 Deō prō urbe semper ōrābat. He was always praying to God for the city.

80.30 Post mortem urbis patrōnus factus est. After death he was made patron of the city.

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Part C (Latin Text Only)

80.16 Sanctus Benedictus ad urbem Rōmam vēnit.

80.17 In hāc urbe magnā multa mīrācula fēcit.

80.18 Omnēs urbis incolae sanctum vidēre volēbant.

80.19 Per urbis viās pauperēs benedīcēbat.

80.20 Urbem totam Deī grātia replēvit.

80.21 Ex urbe in solitudinem sē recēpit.

80.22 Multi ex urbe eum sequēbantur.

80.23 Urbs tōta prōdigiīs sanctī plēna erat.

80.24 Ad urbis portam caecum sānāvit.

80.25 Urbī perīculōsae pācem rogāvit.

80.26 In aliīs urbibus quoque mīrācula fēcit.

80.27 Urbēs multae exemplum eius secūtae sunt.

80.28 Urbium episcopī ad eum veniēbant.

80.29 Deō prō urbe semper ōrābat.

80.30 Post mortem urbis patrōnus factus est.

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Part D (Grammar Explanation)

In this hagiographic narrative, we see several important grammatical features: -

Uses of Cases with urbs: -

Accusative for direct object: "urbem totam replēvit" -

Ablative for location: "in urbe magnā" -

Genitive for possession: "urbis incolae" -

Dative for indirect object: "urbī perīculōsae" -

Verb Tenses: -

Perfect for completed actions: "vēnit," "fēcit" -

Imperfect for continuous past actions: "benedīcēbat," "sequēbantur" -

Present for general truths: "est" -

Prepositions with urbs: -

ad + accusative: "ad urbem" -

in + ablative: "in urbe" -

ex + ablative: "ex urbe" -

per + accusative: "per urbis viās" -

Word Order Patterns: -

Varied for emphasis -

Adjectives both before and after urbs -

Genitives typically following the noun they modify

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