← Isambilisho lya Chisungu ku Bashimika ChiBemba
"With" is one of the most frequent words in English. It is a preposition: a small word that comes before a noun or a pronoun and joins it to the rest of the sentence. "With" has two main jobs.
The first job is company: being or going together with someone. Here "with" is Bemba na:
- Come with me. — Isa na ine. - The Lord is with you. — Imfumu yaba na iwe. - They went with him. — Balaya nankwe.
The second job is the thing you use to do something, the tool. Bemba often says this with ku, not na:
- I baptize you with water. — Ine ndebatishisha ku menshi. - He wiped them with the towel. — Alayakumuna na ku nsalu.
Bemba na does many jobs. It means "with", it means "and" (Lesson 3), and it means "too, also" (na ine, "me too", Lesson 12). English has a separate word for each: "with", "and", "too". So a Bemba speaker must stop and ask: does na join two things that are equal ("bread and sugar")? Then English says "and". Does it say who is together with whom ("I am with my friend")? Then English says "with".
Bemba na joins with the next word, and the vowels change: na + umukashi → no mukashi ("with his wife"); na + isukali → ne sukali ("with sugar"); na + abana → na bana ("with the children"). English "with" never changes. It is always written "with", as a separate word.
After "with", English uses the object form of a pronoun: with me, with you, with him, with her, with it, with us, with them. Never "with I", "with he", "with they".
What does "with" mean in Bemba? For company, na or pamo na ("together with"), with its pronoun forms na ine, na iwe or nobe, nankwe, na ifwe, na imwe, nabo. For a tool or instrument, usually ku (ku menshi, ku nsalu). For the manner of doing something, na: no mutima obe onse, "with all your heart".
Key Takeaways:
- "With" for company: "Come with me" = Isa na ine. "Stay here with us" = Ikalafye kuno na ifwe. - "With" for a tool: "with water", "with a knife", "with a towel". Bemba often uses ku here. - Bemba na is "with" and also "and". English chooses: "bread and sugar" (two things), but "bread with sugar" (the sugar is on the bread). - After "with" use me, you, him, her, it, us, them: "with him", never "with he". - Bemba ukuba na means "to have" (Lesson 11): ali na bana is "he has children", not "he is with children".
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with — /wɪð/ (most speakers); also /wɪθ/ (some speakers, especially in Scotland and in parts of the United States)
with me /wɪð miː/; with you /wɪð juː/; with him /wɪð ɪm/; with us /wɪð ʌs/; with them /wɪð ðəm/
The first sound, /w/, is the same as Bemba w in wandi and wakwe: round the lips, then open them into the vowel.
The vowel /ɪ/ is short and relaxed, the vowel of "did" (Lesson 15) and "his" (Lesson 16). Do not make it a long Bemba i: /wɪð/, not "weeth".
The last sound, /ð/, is not a Bemba sound. Put the tip of the tongue lightly between the top and bottom teeth and let the voice buzz, as in the /z/ at the end of "his" (Lesson 16), but with the tongue out. It is the same sound as the first sound of "the" (Lesson 1) and "this". Bemba speakers often say "wit", "wid" or "wiz"; these are understood, but "with" /wɪð/ is correct.
The /ð/ of "with" often runs into the next word: "with them" /wɪð ðəm/ has two /ð/ sounds, but in fast speech they join into one long /ð/: /wɪˈðəm/.
"With" is normally unstressed in a sentence: "Come with me" /ˈkʌm wɪð ˈmiː/. The stress falls on "come" and "me".
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17.1 Come isa with na me ine
17.2 I am ndi with na my wandi friend cibusa
17.3 She (a-) is ali at ku home ng'anda with na her mother nyina
17.4 The Lord imfumu is yaba with na you iwe
17.5 Stay ikalafye here kuno with na us ifwe
17.6 So awe Jesus Yesu went in aingila and stayed aikala with them nabo
17.7 Jesus Yesu himself umwine (nao, "and he") came near them abapalama and they (ba-) went balaya with him nankwe
17.8 Mary Maria stayed aikele with na Elizabeth Elisabeti about cikanga three itatu months imyeshi and then elyo she (a-) went back abwelelamo home kumwakwe
17.9 The Word Lishiwi was ali with pamo na God Lesa from ukufumafye the very beginning ku citendekelo
17.10 Today lelo line you will be with me tuleba nobe ("we will be with you") in mu paradise Cifulo Cansansa ("the place of joy")
17.11 I ine baptize you ndebatishisha with ku water menshi
17.12 The Word Lishiwi became aishile aluka ("came and turned into") a man umuntu He (a-) came aisa to live ikala with na us ifwe
17.13 He (a-) began atampa to wash no kulasamba the feet amakasa of ya his bakwe disciples basambi then elyo he wiped them alayakumuna with na ku the towel nsalu that he had tied akakile round his waist mu musana
17.14 And na you iwe shall love uletemwa the Lord Imfumu your obe God Lesa with no all onse your obe heart mutima with no all onse your obe soul mweo with na all yonse your yobe mind mano and with na all yonse your yobe strength maka
17.15 Even though nangu I (n-) walk through ningapita mu the valley mukonko of death wa mfwa which is very dark umwafiita fititi I (n-) will not be afraid tekuti ntiine for pantu you (u-) are uba with na me ine Your rod and your staff inkonto yobe no mutambu obe comfort my heart filanteeka umutima
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17.1 Come with me. Isa na ine.
17.2 I am with my friend. Ndi na cibusa wandi.
17.3 She is at home with her mother. Ali na nyina ku ng'anda.
17.4 The Lord is with you. Imfumu yaba na iwe. (Luka 1:28, Ishiwi Lyakwa Lesa 2015)
17.5 Stay here with us. Ikalafye kuno na ifwe. (Luka 24:29, Ishiwi Lyakwa Lesa 2015)
17.6 So Jesus went in and stayed with them. Awe Yesu aingila, aikala nabo. (Luka 24:29, Ishiwi Lyakwa Lesa 2015)
17.7 Jesus himself came near them, and they went with him. Yesu umwine nao abapalama, balaya nankwe. (Luka 24:15, Ishiwi Lyakwa Lesa 2015)
17.8 Mary stayed with Elizabeth about three months, and then she went back home. Maria aikele na Elisabeti cikanga imyeshi itatu, elyo abwelelamo kumwakwe. (Luka 1:56, Ishiwi Lyakwa Lesa 2015)
17.9 The Word was with God from the very beginning. Lishiwi ali pamo na Lesa ukufumafye ku citendekelo. (Yoani 1:2, Ishiwi Lyakwa Lesa 2015)
17.10 Today you will be with me in paradise. Lelo line tuleba nobe mu Cifulo Cansansa. (Luka 23:43, Ishiwi Lyakwa Lesa 2015)
17.11 I baptize you with water. Ine ndebatishisha ku menshi. (Luka 3:16, Ishiwi Lyakwa Lesa 2015)
17.12 The Word became a man. He came to live with us. Lishiwi aishile aluka umuntu. Aisa ikala na ifwe. (Yoani 1:14, Ishiwi Lyakwa Lesa 2015)
17.13 He began to wash the feet of his disciples, then he wiped them with the towel that he had tied round his waist. Atampa no kulasamba amakasa ya basambi bakwe. Elyo alayakumuna na ku nsalu akakile mu musana. (Yoani 13:5, Ishiwi Lyakwa Lesa 2015)
17.14 And you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your mind and with all your strength. Na iwe uletemwa Imfumu Lesa obe no mutima obe onse, no mweo obe onse, na mano yobe yonse, na maka yobe yonse. (Mako 12:30, Ishiwi Lyakwa Lesa 2015)
17.15 Even though I walk through the valley of death, which is very dark, I will not be afraid, for you are with me. Your rod and your staff comfort my heart. Nangu ningapita mu mukonko wa mfwa umwafiita fititi, tekuti ntiine pantu uba na ine. Inkonto yobe no mutambu obe filanteeka umutima. (Amalumbo 23:4, Ishiwi Lyakwa Lesa 2015)
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17.1 Come with me.
17.2 I am with my friend.
17.3 She is at home with her mother.
17.4 The Lord is with you.
17.5 Stay here with us.
17.6 So Jesus went in and stayed with them.
17.7 Jesus himself came near them, and they went with him.
17.8 Mary stayed with Elizabeth about three months, and then she went back home.
17.9 The Word was with God from the very beginning.
17.10 Today you will be with me in paradise.
17.11 I baptize you with water.
17.12 The Word became a man. He came to live with us.
17.13 He began to wash the feet of his disciples, then he wiped them with the towel that he had tied round his waist.
17.14 And you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your mind and with all your strength.
17.15 Even though I walk through the valley of death, which is very dark, I will not be afraid, for you are with me. Your rod and your staff comfort my heart.
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These are the grammar rules for "with" in English:
1. "With" for company. "With" says who is together with whom: "Come with me" (17.1), "I am with my friend" (17.2), "Mary stayed with Elizabeth" (17.8). Bemba says na: Isa na ine, Ndi na cibusa wandi, Maria aikele na Elisabeti. When Bemba says pamo na, "together with", English can say "with" or "together with": "The Word was with God" (17.9) = Lishiwi ali pamo na Lesa.
2. "With" + pronoun. After "with", English uses the object form of the pronoun (Lesson 16: "him" after prepositions). Bemba has its own forms, which the Bemba Bible writes like this:
- with me — na ine (17.1, 17.15) - with you (one person) — na iwe (17.4), or nobe (17.10) - with him, with her — nankwe (17.7) - with us — na ifwe (17.5, 17.12) - with you (many) — na imwe ("I am with you always", Mateo 28:20) - with them — nabo (17.6)
English: with me, with you, with him, with her, with us, with them. Bemba nankwe is "with him" or "with her"; English must choose (Lesson 16): "They went with him" (17.7), "Come in with her" (17.17).
3. "With" for a tool. "With" also names the thing you use: "I baptize you with water" (17.11), "he wiped them with the towel" (17.13), "cut this bread with a knife" (17.26). Bemba often uses ku here: ku menshi, ku nsalu, ku mupeni. In 17.13 the Bemba says na ku nsalu: the na means "also" (he washed the feet and also wiped them), and ku nsalu means "with the towel". English needs only "with".
4. "With" for the way you do something. "Love the Lord your God with all your heart" (17.14) = no mutima obe onse. "We will come with joy" (17.30) = ne nsansa. Here Bemba uses na, and English uses "with".
5. Na joins the next word. When na comes before a word that begins with a vowel, the two vowels become one:
- na + umutima → no mutima ("with the heart", 17.14) - na + umukashi → no mukashi ("with his wife", 17.19) - na + isukali → ne sukali ("with sugar", 17.27) - na + insansa → ne nsansa ("with joy", 17.30) - na + abana → na bana ("with the children", 17.28) - na + ukulasamba → no kulasamba ("and to wash", 17.13)
English "with" never joins the next word and never changes: with the heart, with his wife, with sugar, with the children.
6. "With" or "and"? Bemba na is both. English chooses:
- "and" joins two things of the same kind, which are equal: "Mary and her sister Martha" (Maria na nkashimbiye Malita, Yoani 11:1), "bread and sugar" (umukate ne sukali, Lesson 15). - "with" says that one goes along with the other: "Mary stayed with Elizabeth" (17.8), "the teacher is coming with his wife" (17.21).
The verb shows the difference. "Jesus and his disciples went to the sea" — two subjects, plural verb. "Jesus went to the sea with his disciples" — one subject, Jesus. The Bemba Bible says Yesu na basambi bakwe bafumineko (Mako 3:7), "Jesus and his disciples went away"; an English Bible can say either.
7. "Be with" or "have"? Bemba ukuba na means "to have" (Lesson 11): ali na bana basano, "he has five children" (Lesson 16). It can also mean "to be with": Ali na nyina ku ng'anda, "She is at home with her mother" (17.3). English keeps these apart:
- "have" — owning, or family: "He has five children." "I have a bicycle." - "be with" — being in the same place as someone: "She is with her mother." "The Lord is with you" (17.4).
So the Bemba sentence Ali na nyina can be "She has a mother" or "She is with her mother". Think: is it about owning, or about being together? Never say "I am with a bicycle" for Nkwete incinga.
8. Where "with" stands. "With" comes before its noun or pronoun: "with me", "with his wife". In questions it can go to the end: "Who are you with?" "Who did you come with?" In formal writing: "With whom did you come?" Bemba puts na before the word too: na ine, no mukashi wakwe.
9. "Without". The opposite of "with" is "without": "bread without sugar", "He came without his wife". "She came without her children" means she did not bring them.
10. Travel. English does not use "with" for the way you travel. It says "by": "by bus", "by bicycle", "by car"; and "on foot". The teacher came "by bicycle" or "on his bicycle" (Lesson 13), not "with bicycle". But he can come "with his wife" (17.19).
Common Mistakes:
- "Come with I." Correct: Come with me. After "with", use me, him, her, us, them. - "I went to school with he." Correct: I went to school with him. - "I am with a bicycle." Correct: I have a bicycle. "Have" is for owning. - "I cut the bread by a knife." / "I cut the bread with knife." Correct: I cut the bread with a knife. - "Me with Chanda went to the shop." Correct: Chanda and I went to the shop. / I went to the shop with Chanda. - "He came with bicycle." Correct: He came by bicycle. / He came on his bicycle. - "She came with Mutale with Bupe." Correct: She came with Mutale and Bupe. Bemba says na twice (na Mutale na Bupe); English says "with" once and joins the two people with "and".
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"With" is among the twenty most frequent words of English. It is heard in every kind of speech: "Come with me", "I live with my parents", "coffee with milk", "a man with a hat".
Goodbye. The English word "goodbye" comes from "God be with you", an old farewell. Over the centuries "God be with ye" was said fast and became "good-bye". So every English "goodbye" carries an old "with" inside it.
In church. In many churches in Zambia and in Britain the minister says "The Lord be with you", or "Peace be with you", and the people answer "And also with you" (in some churches, "And with your spirit"). This is the same "with" as the angel's words to Mary: "The Lord is with you" (17.4), Imfumu yaba na iwe.
Hymns. "Abide with me", by Henry Francis Lyte (1847), is one of the best-known English hymns. "Abide" is an old word for "stay": "Abide with me" means "Stay with me". It comes from the words of the two travellers to Jesus at Emmaus: "Abide with us: for it is toward evening" (Luke 24:29, KJV), Ikalafye kuno na ifwe (17.5).
The old English of the Bible. The King James Version (1611) writes "thee" for "you" after "with": "The Lord is with thee" (Luke 1:28), "To day shalt thou be with me in paradise" (Luke 23:43), "for thou art with me" (Psalm 23:4). Modern English says "The Lord is with you", "Today you will be with me", "for you are with me".
Common expressions with "with":
- with pleasure — gladly, yes: "Can you help me?" — "With pleasure!" - with love — at the end of a letter to family or a friend: "With love, Mutale" - with all my heart — completely, truly: "I thank you with all my heart." - Are you with me? — Do you understand what I am saying? - What is wrong with it? — What is the problem with this thing?
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John 1:1, the first verse of the Gospel of John. English: King James Version (1611). Bemba: Ishiwi Lyakwa Lesa (2015), Yoani 1:1.
"In ukufumafye ("right from") the beginning ku citendekelo was eko ali ("there he was") the Word Lishiwi and (no word) the Word Lishiwi was ali with pamo na ("together with") God Lesa and kabili the Word Lishiwi was ali ni God Lesa" - John 1:1 (KJV)
"In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God." "Ukufumafye ku citendekelo, Lishiwi eko ali. Lishiwi ali pamo na Lesa. Kabili Lishiwi ali ni Lesa." (Yoani 1:1, Ishiwi Lyakwa Lesa 2015)
The Gospel of John begins before the world: "In the beginning". Its first verse is three short sentences, and each one says "the Word" again. The middle sentence is the one with "with": "the Word was with God". It says that the Word and God were together from the very beginning; the last sentence then says more: "the Word was God". The verse moves from "was" to "was with" to "was", and "with" stands at its centre. The Bemba Bible follows the same three steps, and for "with" it says pamo na, "together with": Lishiwi ali pamo na Lesa. Ishiwi, "word", is a class 5 noun, but the Bemba gives it a capital letter, Lishiwi, and the verb ali with the a- of a person (Lesson 16), not the li- of its noun class. The Word is a person: in verse 14 he becomes a man and comes to live "with us", na ifwe (17.12).
- "In the beginning" — "in" (Lesson 7) + "the" (Lesson 1) + "beginning". Bemba ukufumafye ku citendekelo is "right from the beginning": ukufuma, "to come from", with -fye, "just, right". - "Was the Word" — the KJV puts the verb before the subject. Modern English puts the subject first: "The Word was there in the beginning." The Bemba has the same order as modern English: Lishiwi eko ali, "the Word, there he was". - "Was with God" — "was" is the past of "be" (Lesson 2) + "with" + "God". Bemba ali pamo na Lesa. In English "with" alone is enough; "was together with God" says the same with more weight. - "The Word was God" — "be" with no "with". Compare "the Word was with God" (together) and "the Word was God" (the same). Bemba shows the difference too: ali pamo na Lesa, but ali ni Lesa, with ni, "is", as in Ni cibusa wandi, "He is my friend" (Lesson 16). - "And … and" — English joins the three sentences with "and"; the Bemba joins the third with kabili, "and also", and the second with no word.
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17.16 Chanda Chanda I (n-) have come naisa with na my yandi sister nkashi Bupe Bupe
17.17 Welcome mwaiseni Come in ingila with her nankwe
17.18 Is bushe the teacher kafundisha here ali pano
17.19 Not yet talafika He (a-) will come akesa with his wife no mukashi wakwe
17.20 Then nomba we (tu-) will wait tukalolela here pano with you nobe
17.21 Look ala The teacher kafundisha is coming aleisa with his wife no mukashi wakwe
17.22 Good morning mwashibukeni Mutale Mutale Who ni nani is uli with you nobe
17.23 Good morning mwashibukeni sir mukwai This uyu is ni my yandi sister nkashi Bupe Bupe and kabili this uyu is ni my wandi friend cibusa Chanda Chanda
17.24 Bupe Bupe do bushe you (u-) go ulaya to ku school sukulu with na Mutale Mutale
17.25 Yes ee madam mukwai We (tu-) go tulaya together pamo to ku school sukulu
17.26 Chanda Chanda please napapata cut putula this uyu bread umukate with ku a knife mupeni
17.27 Yes ee madam mukwai Do bushe you (mu-) want mulefwaya sugar sukali with it (ne, "with, also")
17.28 No awe thank you natotela I (n-) will eat it nkaulya at ku home ng'anda with na my bandi children bana
17.29 Mutale Mutale come isa to ku my yandi house ng'anda tomorrow mailo with na your yobe sister nkashi and na Chanda Chanda
17.30 Thank you natotela sir mukwai We (tu-) will come tukesa with joy ne nsansa
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17.16 Mutale: "Chanda, I have come with my sister Bupe." Mutale: "Chanda, naisa na nkashi yandi Bupe."
17.17 Chanda: "Welcome! Come in with her." Chanda: "Mwaiseni! Ingila nankwe."
17.18 Bupe: "Is the teacher here?" Bupe: "Bushe kafundisha ali pano?"
17.19 Chanda: "Not yet. He will come with his wife." Chanda: "Talafika. Akesa no mukashi wakwe."
17.20 Mutale: "Then we will wait here with you." Mutale: "Nomba tukalolela pano nobe."
17.21 Chanda: "Look! The teacher is coming with his wife." Chanda: "Ala! Kafundisha aleisa no mukashi wakwe."
17.22 The teacher: "Good morning, Mutale. Who is with you?" Kafundisha: "Mwashibukeni, Mutale. Ni nani uli nobe?"
17.23 Mutale: "Good morning, sir. This is my sister Bupe, and this is my friend Chanda." Mutale: "Mwashibukeni mukwai. Uyu ni nkashi yandi Bupe, kabili uyu ni cibusa wandi Chanda."
17.24 The teacher's wife: "Bupe, do you go to school with Mutale?" Umukashi wa kafundisha: "Bupe, bushe ulaya ku sukulu na Mutale?"
17.25 Bupe: "Yes, madam. We go to school together." Bupe: "Ee mukwai. Tulaya pamo ku sukulu."
17.26 The teacher's wife: "Chanda, please cut this bread with a knife." Umukashi wa kafundisha: "Chanda, napapata putula uyu umukate ku mupeni."
17.27 Chanda: "Yes, madam. Do you want sugar with it?" Chanda: "Ee mukwai. Bushe mulefwaya ne sukali?"
17.28 The teacher's wife: "No, thank you. I will eat it at home with my children." Umukashi wa kafundisha: "Awe, natotela. Nkaulya ku ng'anda na bana bandi."
17.29 The teacher: "Mutale, come to my house tomorrow with your sister and Chanda." Kafundisha: "Mutale, mailo isa ku ng'anda yandi na nkashi yobe na Chanda."
17.30 Mutale: "Thank you, sir! We will come with joy." Mutale: "Natotela mukwai! Tukesa ne nsansa."
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17.16 Mutale: "Chanda, I have come with my sister Bupe."
17.17 Chanda: "Welcome! Come in with her."
17.18 Bupe: "Is the teacher here?"
17.19 Chanda: "Not yet. He will come with his wife."
17.20 Mutale: "Then we will wait here with you."
17.21 Chanda: "Look! The teacher is coming with his wife."
17.22 The teacher: "Good morning, Mutale. Who is with you?"
17.23 Mutale: "Good morning, sir. This is my sister Bupe, and this is my friend Chanda."
17.24 The teacher's wife: "Bupe, do you go to school with Mutale?"
17.25 Bupe: "Yes, madam. We go to school together."
17.26 The teacher's wife: "Chanda, please cut this bread with a knife."
17.27 Chanda: "Yes, madam. Do you want sugar with it?"
17.28 The teacher's wife: "No, thank you. I will eat it at home with my children."
17.29 The teacher: "Mutale, come to my house tomorrow with your sister and Chanda."
17.30 Mutale: "Thank you, sir! We will come with joy."
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The dialogue continues Lesson 16. Chanda and Mutale agreed to see the teacher together at Mr Banda's shop. Mutale comes, and he brings his sister Bupe. The teacher comes with his wife, who is a teacher too (Lesson 16). Every job of "with" appears:
- Company, with a noun: "with my sister Bupe" (17.16), "with his wife" (17.19, 17.21), "with Mutale" (17.24), "with my children" (17.28), "with your sister and Chanda" (17.29). Bemba: na, no, na bana. - Company, with a pronoun: "Come in with her" (17.17), "we will wait here with you" (17.20), "Who is with you?" (17.22). Bemba: nankwe, nobe. - A tool: "cut this bread with a knife" (17.26). Bemba: ku mupeni. - The way something is done: "We will come with joy" (17.30). Bemba: ne nsansa. - Something added: "Do you want sugar with it?" (17.27). Bemba: ne sukali, where ne is "with" and "also".
"Together." In 17.25 Bupe says "We go to school together", Tulaya pamo. "Together" stands alone at the end; "together with" needs a noun after it: "I go to school together with Mutale." Bemba pamo and pamo na work the same way.
Nankwe is "with her" in 17.17. Mutale has come with his sister, so English says "Come in with her". If Mutale had come with his brother, Bemba would still say nankwe, but English would say "Come in with him".
"With" at the end. In 17.22 the teacher asks "Who is with you?" In everyday English the question can also end with "with": "Who did you come with?" This is normal English, though some careful writers prefer "With whom did you come?"
"And" or "with"? In 17.29 the teacher says "with your sister and Chanda". One "with" is enough for both people; "and" joins them. Bemba says na twice: na nkashi yobe na Chanda. English says "with" once and "and" once.
Respect. Mutale and Bupe say "sir" and "madam", mukwai in Bemba, and Chanda speaks to the teacher's wife with mu-, the respect plural: Bushe mulefwaya ne sukali? (17.27). English shows the respect with "sir", "madam" and "please"; the verb does not change.
Greetings. "Good morning" (17.22, 17.23) is Bemba mwashibukeni. "Welcome!" (17.17) is mwaiseni. In English, "Good morning" is said until about midday; after that, "Good afternoon", and in the evening "Good evening".
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- "With" /wɪð/: tongue between the teeth for the last sound. Practise with "with them" /wɪð ðəm/ and "with the teacher" /wɪð ðə ˈtiːtʃə/. - "With" and "which" /wɪtʃ/ begin the same way but end differently: "with" has /ð/, "which" has /tʃ/, the sound of Bemba c in cibusa. - "With" and "width" /wɪdθ/ (how wide a thing is) are different words. - Words built on "with": without /wɪˈðaʊt/, within /wɪˈðɪn/, withdraw /wɪðˈdrɔː/. The stress falls on the second part. - Spelling: w-i-t-h. It is always a separate word in English, never joined to the next one as Bemba na joins: "with him", not "withim"; "with the children", not "withe children". - In quick notes people sometimes write "w/" for "with"; do not use this in letters, school work or formal writing.
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