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Lesson 15
15 of 49 lessons

Lesson 15

Introduction

Welcome to Lesson 15 of the Latinum Institute Modern Hebrew Course. In this lesson, we will explore the Hebrew verb "to do" - לעשות (la'asot) and its various forms. This is one of the most essential and frequently used verbs in Modern Hebrew, appearing in countless everyday expressions and contexts.

For the complete course index and additional lessons, please visit: https://latinum.substack.com/p/index

Definition: The Hebrew verb לעשות (la'asot) means "to do" or "to make." In the present tense, it takes forms like עושה (oseh - masculine singular), עושה (osah - feminine singular), עושים (osim - masculine plural), and עושות (osot - feminine plural).

FAQ Schema: Question: What does "do" mean in Modern Hebrew? Answer: The word "do" in Modern Hebrew is expressed by the verb לעשות (la'asot) in its infinitive form. In present tense, it becomes עושה (oseh/osah) for singular, עושים (osim) for masculine plural, and עושות (osot) for feminine plural. This verb is used to express actions, making things, or performing tasks.

Usage in This Lesson: Throughout this lesson, we will see how לעשות appears in various contexts - from simple everyday actions to more complex expressions. The examples will demonstrate different tenses, gender agreements, and common phrases using this versatile verb.

Educational Schema: -

Course Type: Language Learning Material -

Target Audience: English speakers learning Modern Hebrew -

Level: Beginner to Intermediate -

Focus: Vocabulary and Grammar - The verb "do" (לעשות) -

Format: Interlinear glossing with transliteration

Key Takeaways

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לעשות (la'asot) is the infinitive form meaning "to do/make" -

Present tense forms vary by gender and number -

This verb is essential for everyday Hebrew communication -

It appears in many idiomatic expressions -

Understanding its conjugation patterns will help with other Hebrew verbs

Section A (Detailed Interlinear Glossing)

15.1 מה (mah) what אתה (a-tah) you-masculine עושה (o-seh) do-masculine-singular היום (ha-yom) the-day

15.2 היא (hi) she עושה (o-sah) does-feminine-singular את (et) [direct object marker] העבודה (ha-a-vo-dah) the-work שלה (she-lah) of-her

15.3 אנחנו (a-nakh-nu) we עושים (o-sim) do-masculine-plural ספורט (sport) sport בבוקר (ba-bo-ker) in-the-morning

15.4 הילדים (ha-ye-la-dim) the-children לא (lo) not עושים (o-sim) do-masculine-plural שיעורים (shi-u-rim) lessons

15.5 מי (mi) who עושה (o-seh) does את (et) [direct object marker] זה (zeh) this

15.6 אני (a-ni) I תמיד (ta-mid) always עושה (o-seh/o-sah) do קפה (ka-feh) coffee בבית (ba-ba-yit) at-home

15.7 הם (hem) they יכולים (ye-kho-lim) can לעשות (la-a-sot) to-do הכל (ha-kol) everything

15.8 מה (mah) what אתן (a-ten) you-feminine-plural עושות (o-sot) do-feminine-plural עכשיו (akh-shav) now

15.9 הוא (hu) he עשה (a-sah) did את (et) [direct object marker] המבחן (ha-miv-khan) the-test אתמול (et-mol) yesterday

15.10 נעשה (na-a-seh) we-will-do את (et) [direct object marker] זה (zeh) this ביחד (be-ya-khad) together

15.11 היא (hi) she רוצה (ro-tsah) wants לעשות (la-a-sot) to-do טיול (ti-yul) trip לחו"ל (le-khul) abroad

15.12 למה (la-mah) why אתה (a-tah) you-masculine עושה (o-seh) do-masculine-singular ככה (ka-khah) like-this

15.13 הרופא (ha-ro-feh) the-doctor עושה (o-seh) does בדיקות (be-di-kot) tests כל (kol) every יום (yom) day

15.14 אל (al) don't תעשה (ta-a-seh) you-will-do רעש (ra-ash) noise בלילה (ba-lai-lah) at-night

15.15 עשינו (a-si-nu) we-did הרבה (har-beh) much עבודה (a-vo-dah) work השבוע (ha-sha-vu-a) this-week

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Section B (Complete Hebrew Sentences with English Translation)

15.1 מה אתה עושה היום? What are you doing today?

15.2 היא עושה את העבודה שלה. She does her work.

15.3 אנחנו עושים ספורט בבוקר. We do sports in the morning.

15.4 הילדים לא עושים שיעורים. The children don't do homework.

15.5 מי עושה את זה? Who does this?

15.6 אני תמיד עושה קפה בבית. I always make coffee at home.

15.7 הם יכולים לעשות הכל. They can do everything.

15.8 מה אתן עושות עכשיו? What are you (feminine plural) doing now?

15.9 הוא עשה את המבחן אתמול. He did the test yesterday.

15.10 נעשה את זה ביחד. We will do it together.

15.11 היא רוצה לעשות טיול לחו"ל. She wants to take a trip abroad.

15.12 למה אתה עושה ככה? Why do you do like this?

15.13 הרופא עושה בדיקות כל יום. The doctor does tests every day.

15.14 אל תעשה רעש בלילה. Don't make noise at night.

15.15 עשינו הרבה עבודה השבוע. We did a lot of work this week.

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Section C (Hebrew Text Only)

15.1 מה אתה עושה היום?

15.2 היא עושה את העבודה שלה.

15.3 אנחנו עושים ספורט בבוקר.

15.4 הילדים לא עושים שיעורים.

15.5 מי עושה את זה?

15.6 אני תמיד עושה קפה בבית.

15.7 הם יכולים לעשות הכל.

15.8 מה אתן עושות עכשיו?

15.9 הוא עשה את המבחן אתמול.

15.10 נעשה את זה ביחד.

15.11 היא רוצה לעשות טיול לחו"ל.

15.12 למה אתה עושה ככה?

15.13 הרופא עושה בדיקות כל יום.

15.14 אל תעשה רעש בלילה.

15.15 עשינו הרבה עבודה השבוע.

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Section D (Grammar Explanation for English Speakers)

Grammar Rules for לעשות (to do)

The Hebrew verb לעשות belongs to the Pa'al (פעל) verb pattern and is one of the most frequently used verbs in Modern Hebrew. Unlike English, where "do" remains the same regardless of gender, Hebrew verbs change form based on gender, number, and tense.

Present Tense Forms: -

אני/אתה עושה (ani/atah oseh) - I/you (masculine) do -

אני/את עושה (ani/at osah) - I/you (feminine) do -

הוא עושה (hu oseh) - he does -

היא עושה (hi osah) - she does -

אנחנו/אתם/הם עושים (anakhnu/atem/hem osim) - we/you/they (masculine) do -

אנחנו/אתן/הן עושות (anakhnu/aten/hen osot) - we/you/they (feminine) do

Past Tense Forms: -

עשיתי (asiti) - I did -

עשית (asita) - you (masculine) did -

עשית (asit) - you (feminine) did -

עשה (asah) - he did -

עשתה (astah) - she did -

עשינו (asinu) - we did -

עשיתם (asitem) - you (masculine plural) did -

עשיתן (asiten) - you (feminine plural) did -

עשו (asu) - they did

Future Tense Forms: -

אעשה (e'eseh) - I will do -

תעשה (ta'aseh) - you (masculine) will do -

תעשי (ta'asi) - you (feminine) will do -

יעשה (ya'aseh) - he will do -

תעשה (ta'aseh) - she will do -

נעשה (na'aseh) - we will do -

תעשו (ta'asu) - you (plural) will do -

יעשו (ya'asu) - they will do

Imperative Forms: -

עשה (aseh) - do! (masculine singular) -

עשי (asi) - do! (feminine singular) -

עשו (asu) - do! (plural)

Common Mistakes

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Gender Agreement: English speakers often forget that Hebrew verbs must agree with the gender of the subject. Remember that even "I" and "we" can take masculine or feminine forms depending on the speaker. -

Direct Object Marker: When "do" takes a definite direct object, Hebrew requires את (et) before the object. English speakers frequently omit this. -

Correct: אני עושה את העבודה (I do the work) -

Incorrect: אני עושה העבודה -

Word Order: While Hebrew is more flexible than English, the typical order is Subject-Verb-Object. English speakers sometimes place the verb incorrectly. -

Present Continuous: Hebrew doesn't have a separate present continuous form. עושה means both "do" and "am doing." -

Auxiliary Use: Unlike English, Hebrew doesn't use "do" as an auxiliary verb in questions or negatives. -

English: Do you speak Hebrew? -

Hebrew: אתה מדבר עברית? (literally: You speak Hebrew?)

Step-by-Step Guide to Using לעשות

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Identify the subject (who is doing) -

Determine the gender and number of the subject -

Choose the appropriate tense -

Select the correct form of the verb -

If there's a definite direct object, add את -

Complete the sentence with the object or complement

Conjugation Summary

The root ע-ש-ה follows regular Pa'al patterns, making it a good model for learning other Hebrew verbs. The key is remembering that Hebrew verbs are built on three-letter roots that take different patterns to express various meanings and tenses.

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Section E (Cultural Context)

Cultural Context for English Speakers Learning Hebrew

The verb לעשות holds special significance in Israeli culture and Jewish tradition. It appears in many idiomatic expressions that reflect Israeli mentality and lifestyle.

Common Expressions: -

לעשות חיים (la'asot khayim) - literally "to make life," meaning to have a good time -

לעשות כסף (la'asot kesef) - to make money -

לעשות בעיות (la'asot be'ayot) - to cause problems -

לעשות טובה (la'asot tovah) - to do a favor

In Israeli culture, there's a concept called "יאללה, נעשה" (yalla, na'aseh) - "come on, let's do it" - which reflects the direct, action-oriented nature of Israeli society. This contrasts with more formal cultures where planning might take precedence over immediate action.

The Sabbath greeting "מה נעשה בשבת?" (What shall we do on Sabbath?) reflects how even rest days are viewed through the lens of activities and doing, though the "doing" might be relaxing or spending time with family.

In religious contexts, the phrase "נעשה ונשמע" (na'aseh ve-nishma) - "we will do and we will hear/understand" - from Exodus 24:7 represents the Jewish commitment to action before complete understanding, emphasizing the importance of deed over contemplation.

Modern Hebrew has also borrowed the English phrase "to do" in some contexts, particularly in business, where you might hear "לעשות דיל" (la'asot deal) - to make a deal, showing the influence of English on contemporary Hebrew.

Understanding לעשות helps unlock many aspects of Israeli communication style, which tends to be direct and action-focused rather than process-oriented.

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Section F (Literary Citation)

From "Shirat Ha-Asavim" (Song of the Grasses) by Naomi Shemer

Part F-A (Interleaved Text - Construed for Beginners)

דע (da) know לך (le-kha) to-you ש (she) that כל (kol) every רועה (ro-eh) shepherd ורועה (ve-ro-eh) and-shepherd יש (yesh) there-is לו (lo) to-him ניגון (ni-gun) melody מיוחד (me-yu-khad) special משלו (mi-she-lo) of-his-own. דע (da) know לך (le-kha) to-you ש (she) that כל (kol) every עשב (e-sev) grass ועשב (ve-e-sev) and-grass יש (yesh) there-is לו (lo) to-it שירה (shi-rah) song מיוחדת (me-yu-khe-det) special משלו (mi-she-lo) of-its-own. ומשירת (u-mi-shi-rat) and-from-song-of העשבים (ha-a-sa-vim) the-grasses נעשה (na-a-seh) is-made ניגון (ni-gun) melody של (shel) of רועה (ro-eh) shepherd.

Part F-B (Complete Hebrew Text with Translation)

דע לך שכל רועה ורועה יש לו ניגון מיוחד משלו. דע לך שכל עשב ועשב יש לו שירה מיוחדת משלו. ומשירת העשבים נעשה ניגון של רועה.

Know that every shepherd has his own special melody. Know that every blade of grass has its own special song. And from the song of the grasses, the shepherd's melody is made.

Part F-C (Hebrew Text Only)

דע לך שכל רועה ורועה יש לו ניגון מיוחד משלו. דע לך שכל עשב ועשב יש לו שירה מיוחדת משלו. ומשירת העשבים נעשה ניגון של רועה.

Part F-D (Literary Analysis)

This excerpt from Naomi Shemer, one of Israel's most beloved songwriters, uses the passive form of our verb - נעשה (na'aseh) meaning "is made" or "becomes." The text illustrates how לעשות can express not just active doing but also the process of becoming or creation.

The grammatical construction "נעשה ניגון" (a melody is made/becomes) demonstrates the Nif'al (passive) form of the verb. This poetic usage shows how Hebrew uses the root ע-ש-ה to express transformation and creation, concepts central to Hebrew literature.

The passage reflects the Jewish mystical tradition where everything in nature has its own unique song, and these individual songs combine to create something greater. The verb נעשה here captures this transformative process, showing how "doing" in Hebrew encompasses both action and transformation.

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Genre Section: Daily Activities

Section A (Detailed Interlinear Glossing)

15.16 כל (kol) every בוקר (bo-ker) morning אני (a-ni) I קם (kam) rise-masculine ב (be) at שש (shesh) six ו (ve) and עושה (o-seh) do-masculine התעמלות (hit-am-lut) exercise

15.17 אחרי (a-kha-rey) after זה (zeh) this אני (a-ni) I עושה (o-seh) make-masculine ארוחת (a-ru-khat) meal-of בוקר (bo-ker) morning ל (le) for כל (kol) all ה (ha) the משפחה (mish-pa-khah) family

15.18 אשתי (ish-ti) my-wife עושה (o-sah) makes-feminine קפה (ka-feh) coffee חזק (kha-zak) strong ו (ve) and אני (a-ni) I עושה (o-seh) make-masculine את (et) [object marker] ה (ha) the כריכים (kri-khim) sandwiches

15.19 הילדים (ha-ye-la-dim) the-children עושים (o-sim) do-masculine-plural את (et) [object marker] ה (ha) the מיטות (mi-tot) beds שלהם (she-la-hem) of-them לפני (lif-ney) before ש (she) that הם (hem) they יוצאים (yots-im) go-out

15.20 אנחנו (a-nakh-nu) we תמיד (ta-mid) always עושים (o-sim) make-masculine-plural רשימה (re-shi-mah) list של (shel) of דברים (de-va-rim) things ש (she) that צריך (tsa-rikh) need לקנות (lik-not) to-buy

15.21 בצהריים (ba-tso-ho-ra-yim) at-noon אני (a-ni) I עושה (o-seh) do-masculine הפסקה (haf-sa-kah) break ו (ve) and עושה (o-seh) do-masculine כמה (ka-mah) some שיחות (si-khot) calls טלפון (te-le-fon) phone

15.22 הבת (ha-bat) the-daughter שלי (she-li) my עושה (o-sah) does-feminine שיעורי (shi-u-rey) lessons-of בית (ba-yit) house ב (be) in ה (ha) the מטבח (mit-bakh) kitchen

15.23 בערב (ba-e-rev) in-evening אנחנו (a-nakh-nu) we עושים (o-sim) make-masculine-plural ארוחה (a-ru-khah) meal גדולה (ge-do-lah) big ו (ve) and אוכלים (okh-lim) eat ביחד (be-ya-khad) together

15.24 אחרי (a-kha-rey) after ה (ha) the ארוחה (a-ru-khah) meal מישהו (mi-she-hu) someone תמיד (ta-mid) always עושה (o-seh) does את (et) [object marker] ה (ha) the כלים (ke-lim) dishes

15.25 הבן (ha-ben) the-son שלי (she-li) my עושה (o-seh) does-masculine מקלחת (mik-la-khat) shower ארוכה (a-ru-khah) long מאוד (me-od) very

15.26 לפני (lif-ney) before השינה (ha-she-nah) the-sleep אנחנו (a-nakh-nu) we עושים (o-sim) do-masculine-plural סדר (se-der) order ב (be) in ה (ha) the בית (ba-yit) house

15.27 אני (a-ni) I עושה (o-seh) make-masculine תה (teh) tea ו (ve) and קורא (ko-reh) read ספר (se-fer) book טוב (tov) good

15.28 אשתי (ish-ti) my-wife עושה (o-sah) does-feminine יוגה (yo-gah) yoga כל (kol) every ערב (e-rev) evening לפני (lif-ney) before השינה (ha-she-nah) the-sleep

15.29 בסוף (be-sof) at-end ה (ha) the שבוע (sha-vu-a) week אנחנו (a-nakh-nu) we עושים (o-sim) do-masculine-plural ניקיון (ni-ka-yon) cleaning גדול (ga-dol) big

15.30 ב (be) on שבת (sha-bat) Sabbath אנחנו (a-nakh-nu) we לא (lo) not עושים (o-sim) do-masculine-plural כלום (klum) nothing רק (rak) only נחים (na-khim) rest

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Section B (Complete Hebrew Sentences with English Translation)

15.16 כל בוקר אני קם בשש ועושה התעמלות. Every morning I get up at six and do exercise.

15.17 אחרי זה אני עושה ארוחת בוקר לכל המשפחה. After that I make breakfast for the whole family.

15.18 אשתי עושה קפה חזק ואני עושה את הכריכים. My wife makes strong coffee and I make the sandwiches.

15.19 הילדים עושים את המיטות שלהם לפני שהם יוצאים. The children make their beds before they go out.

15.20 אנחנו תמיד עושים רשימה של דברים שצריך לקנות. We always make a list of things we need to buy.

15.21 בצהריים אני עושה הפסקה ועושה כמה שיחות טלפון. At noon I take a break and make some phone calls.

15.22 הבת שלי עושה שיעורי בית במטבח. My daughter does homework in the kitchen.

15.23 בערב אנחנו עושים ארוחה גדולה ואוכלים ביחד. In the evening we make a big meal and eat together.

15.24 אחרי הארוחה מישהו תמיד עושה את הכלים. After the meal someone always does the dishes.

15.25 הבן שלי עושה מקלחת ארוכה מאוד. My son takes a very long shower.

15.26 לפני השינה אנחנו עושים סדר בבית. Before sleep we tidy up the house.

15.27 אני עושה תה וקורא ספר טוב. I make tea and read a good book.

15.28 אשתי עושה יוגה כל ערב לפני השינה. My wife does yoga every evening before sleep.

15.29 בסוף השבוע אנחנו עושים ניקיון גדול. At the end of the week we do a big cleaning.

15.30 בשבת אנחנו לא עושים כלום, רק נחים. On Sabbath we don't do anything, just rest.

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Section C (Hebrew Text Only)

15.16 כל בוקר אני קם בשש ועושה התעמלות.

15.17 אחרי זה אני עושה ארוחת בוקר לכל המשפחה.

15.18 אשתי עושה קפה חזק ואני עושה את הכריכים.

15.19 הילדים עושים את המיטות שלהם לפני שהם יוצאים.

15.20 אנחנו תמיד עושים רשימה של דברים שצריך לקנות.

15.21 בצהריים אני עושה הפסקה ועושה כמה שיחות טלפון.

15.22 הבת שלי עושה שיעורי בית במטבח.

15.23 בערב אנחנו עושים ארוחה גדולה ואוכלים ביחד.

15.24 אחרי הארוחה מישהו תמיד עושה את הכלים.

15.25 הבן שלי עושה מקלחת ארוכה מאוד.

15.26 לפני השינה אנחנו עושים סדר בבית.

15.27 אני עושה תה וקורא ספר טוב.

15.28 אשתי עושה יוגה כל ערב לפני השינה.

15.29 בסוף השבוע אנחנו עושים ניקיון גדול.

15.30 בשבת אנחנו לא עושים כלום, רק נחים.

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Section D (Grammar Notes for Daily Activities Genre)

Using לעשות in Daily Routines

In the context of daily activities, לעשות takes on various meanings beyond simple "doing." It often translates as "make" (make breakfast, make coffee), "take" (take a shower, take a break), or "tidy" (tidy up).

Common Daily Activity Expressions: -

לעשות ארוחת בוקר - to make breakfast -

לעשות קפה - to make coffee -

לעשות מקלחת - to take a shower -

לעשות סדר - to tidy up -

לעשות כלים - to do dishes -

לעשות קניות - to do shopping -

לעשות ניקיון - to do cleaning

Time Expressions with לעשות: When describing when activities are done, Hebrew uses: -

כל בוקר (every morning) -

בצהריים (at noon) -

בערב (in the evening) -

לפני השינה (before sleep) -

בסוף השבוע (at the end of the week)

Negative Construction: To express not doing something, Hebrew uses לא before the verb: -

לא עושים כלום - we don't do anything

Sequential Actions: Hebrew often uses ו (and) to connect sequential actions: -

קם בשש ועושה התעמלות - gets up at six and does exercise

This genre section demonstrates how לעשות is essential for describing daily life in Hebrew, appearing in numerous fixed expressions that English speakers must learn as complete units rather than translating word-for-word.

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About This Course

The Latinum Institute has been creating innovative online language learning materials since 2006, pioneering self-directed learning methods that enable autodidacts to master classical and modern languages effectively.

These lessons follow the Latinum Method, which emphasizes: -

Interlinear glossing for immediate comprehension -

Gradual progression from word-by-word analysis to natural reading -

Cultural and literary context to enhance understanding -

Practical examples drawn from authentic texts and everyday usage

The course structure is designed specifically for independent learners who prefer to study at their own pace without formal instruction. Each lesson builds systematically on previous knowledge while introducing new concepts in manageable portions.

The Latinum Institute's approach has been refined over nearly two decades of online language education, incorporating feedback from thousands of successful students worldwide. Our materials are particularly effective for adult learners who appreciate understanding the "why" behind language structures rather than mere rote memorization.

For more information about the Latinum Institute and our teaching methodology, visit: -

Course Method: latinum.substack.com -

Institute Homepage: latinum.org.uk -

Student Reviews: https://uk.trustpilot.com/review/latinum.org.uk

The Institute offers courses in Latin, Ancient Greek, Hebrew (Biblical and Modern), and various other classical and modern languages, all following similar pedagogical principles adapted to each language's unique characteristics.

This Modern Hebrew course integrates contemporary Israeli Hebrew with an awareness of the language's biblical and historical roots, providing learners with a comprehensive understanding that enables them to engage with both modern Israeli culture and traditional Jewish texts.

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