For autodidact students of Hindi, the verb आना (ānā) — "to come" — is one of the first and most important verbs to master. It is intransitive: it takes no direct object and, crucially, it does NOT take the ergative marker ने in the past tense. The subject of आना always stays in the nominative, and the verb agrees with the subject in gender and number. This makes आना a perfect contrast to transitive verbs like देखना (Lesson 48) and an essential entry point into Hindi's intransitive verb class.
आना also forms compound verbs that are among the most common in everyday speech: चला आना (to come along), आ जाना (to arrive, completive), ले आना (to bring — literally "take-come"), and भेज आना (to send and come back).
Link to course index: https://latinum.substack.com/p/index
FAQ: What does आना (ānā) mean in Hindi? आना means "to come." It is intransitive — no direct object, no ने in the past tense. Past forms agree with the subject: आया (masc. sg.), आई (fem. sg.), आए (masc. pl.), आईं (fem. pl.). The verb also expresses "to know how to do something" in a special construction: मुझे हिंदी आती है (I know Hindi — lit. Hindi comes to me).
In the following 15 examples you will encounter आना in its many uses: physical coming, the "know how to" construction, compound verbs, and idiomatic expressions. The duplex interlinear format gives direct Devanagari-to-meaning access on line (a) and phonetic guidance on line (b).
Educational Note: Designed for English speakers learning Hindi through the Latinum Institute's proven interlinear method.
Key Takeaways: - आना is intransitive — never takes ने; subject stays in nominative - Past forms agree with the subject: आया/आई/आए/आईं - The construction [को] + [skill/language] + आना = "to know how to do / to know a language" - Compound: आ जाना (completive come), ले आना (to bring), चला आना (to come along) - Future: आएगा/आएगी/आएंगे — subject agreement
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आना begins with the vowel आ (ā), written as a full vowel letter at the start of a word (not as a mātrā on a consonant). In Devanagari, vowels appear as independent letters when they begin a syllable without a preceding consonant. The word is आ-ना: long ā + na + long ā.
Key phonetic notes: - आ (ā): long open back vowel [aː] — like the a in English "father," held approximately twice as long as a short a - न (n): dental nasal — the tongue tip touches the upper teeth, not the alveolar ridge - The word आना is one of the simplest in Devanagari: two identical syllables, both with ā
Common learner mistakes: - Adding ने after the subject in the past: *वह आया ने (wrong) — आना never takes ने - Using wrong gender agreement in past: *वह लड़की आया (wrong — लड़की is feminine, must use आई) - Confusing the "know how to" construction: मुझे आता है (I know how, masc. skill) vs. मुझे आती है (fem. skill)
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49.1a वह he कल yesterday आया came-MASC-PERF
49.1b (vah) he (kal) yesterday (āyā) came-MASC-PERF
49.2a माँ mother बाज़ार market से from अभी just-now आई came-FEM-PERF है have
49.2b (mām̐) mother (bāzār) market (se) from (abhī) just-now (āī) came-FEM-PERF (hai) have
49.3a बच्चे children स्कूल school से from कब when आएंगे will-come ؟
49.3b (bacce) children (skūl) school (se) from (kab) when (āem̐ge) will-come ?
49.4a मुझे me-DAT हिंदी Hindi आती comes-FEM-HAB है is [= I know Hindi]
49.4b (mujhe) me-DAT (hindī) Hindi (ātī) comes-FEM-HAB (hai) is [= I know Hindi]
49.5a क्या do तुम्हें you-DAT तैरना swimming आता comes-MASC-HAB है is ؟ [= Can you swim?]
49.5b (kyā) do (tumhem̐) you-DAT (tairnā) swimming (ātā) comes-MASC-HAB (hai) is ? [= Can you swim?]
49.6a मेहमान guests शाम evening तक by आ come जाएंगे will-go [COMP]
49.6b (mehmān) guests (śām) evening (tak) by (ā) come (jāem̐ge) will-go [COMP]
49.7a वह she रोज़ daily सुबह morning यहाँ here आती comes-FEM-HAB है is
49.7b (vah) she (roz) daily (subah) morning (yahām̐) here (ātī) comes-FEM-HAB (hai) is
49.8a अचानक suddenly बारिश rain आ come गई went-FEM [COMP]
49.8b (acānak) suddenly (bāriś) rain (ā) come (gaī) went-FEM [COMP]
49.9a वे they दूर far देश country से from आए came-MASC-PL-PERF थे were
49.9b (ve) they (dūr) far (deś) country (se) from (āe) came-MASC-PL-PERF (the) were
49.10a बाज़ार market से from सब्ज़ी vegetables ले take आओ come [IMP]
49.10b (bāzār) market (se) from (sabzī) vegetables (le) take (āo) come [IMP] [= Bring vegetables from the market]
49.11a मुझे me-DAT नहीं not आता comes-MASC कि that वह he क्यों why नहीं not आया came-MASC
49.11b (mujhe) me-DAT (nahīm̐) not (ātā) comes-MASC (ki) that (vah) he (kyom̐) why (nahīm̐) not (āyā) came-MASC
49.12a जब when वसंत spring आता comes-MASC-HAB है is तो then सब everything खिल bloom उठता rises-MASC है is
49.12b (jab) when (vasant) spring (ātā) comes-MASC-HAB (hai) is (to) then (sab) everything (khil) bloom (uṭhtā) rises-MASC (hai) is
49.13a तुम्हारा your पत्र letter आज today आया came-MASC-PERF
49.13b (tumhārā) your (patr) letter (āj) today (āyā) came-MASC-PERF
49.14a आओ come [IMP] मिलकर together [CONV] चाय tea पिएं let-us-drink
49.14b (āo) come [IMP] (milkar) together [CONV] (cāy) tea (piem̐) let-us-drink
49.15a उसे him-DAT खाना cooking बनाना making नहीं not आता comes-MASC था was
49.15b (use) him-DAT (khānā) cooking (banānā) making (nahīm̐) not (ātā) comes-MASC (thā) was [= He didn't know how to cook]
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49.1 वह कल आया। "He came yesterday."
49.2 माँ बाज़ार से अभी आई है। "Mother has just come from the market."
49.3 बच्चे स्कूल से कब आएंगे? "When will the children come from school?"
49.4 मुझे हिंदी आती है। "I know Hindi."
49.5 क्या तुम्हें तैरना आता है? "Do you know how to swim?"
49.6 मेहमान शाम तक आ जाएंगे। "The guests will have arrived by evening."
49.7 वह रोज़ सुबह यहाँ आती है। "She comes here every morning."
49.8 अचानक बारिश आ गई। "Rain suddenly came."
49.9 वे दूर देश से आए थे। "They had come from a distant country."
49.10 बाज़ार से सब्ज़ी ले आओ। "Bring vegetables from the market."
49.11 मुझे नहीं आता कि वह क्यों नहीं आया। "I don't understand why he didn't come."
49.12 जब वसंत आता है तो सब खिल उठता है। "When spring comes, everything blooms."
49.13 तुम्हारा पत्र आज आया। "Your letter came today."
49.14 आओ मिलकर चाय पिएं। "Come, let us drink tea together."
49.15 उसे खाना बनाना नहीं आता था। "He didn't know how to cook."
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49.1 वह कल आया।
49.2 माँ बाज़ार से अभी आई है।
49.3 बच्चे स्कूल से कब आएंगे?
49.4 मुझे हिंदी आती है।
49.5 क्या तुम्हें तैरना आता है?
49.6 मेहमान शाम तक आ जाएंगे।
49.7 वह रोज़ सुबह यहाँ आती है।
49.8 अचानक बारिश आ गई।
49.9 वे दूर देश से आए थे।
49.10 बाज़ार से सब्ज़ी ले आओ।
49.11 मुझे नहीं आता कि वह क्यों नहीं आया।
49.12 जब वसंत आता है तो सब खिल उठता है।
49.13 तुम्हारा पत्र आज आया।
49.14 आओ मिलकर चाय पिएं।
49.15 उसे खाना बनाना नहीं आता था।
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These are the grammar rules for आना (ānā) — "to come":
Intransitive verb — no ने: आना never takes the ergative marker ने. The subject stays in the nominative and the verb agrees with the subject. This is the defining feature of Hindi intransitive verbs and the crucial contrast with transitive verbs.
Past tense conjugation (subject agreement): - आया (āyā) — masculine singular: वह आया (He came) - आई (āī) — feminine singular: वह आई (She came) - आए (āe) — masculine plural: वे आए (They came, masc.) - आईं (āīm̐) — feminine plural: वे आईं (They came, fem.)
Present habitual (subject agreement): - आता है (ātā hai) — masculine singular - आती है (ātī hai) — feminine singular - आते हैं (āte haim̐) — masculine plural
Future tense: - आऊँगा/आऊँगी (āūm̐gā/āūm̐gī) — I will come (masc./fem.) - आएगा/आएगी (āegā/āegī) — he/she will come - आएंगे/आएंगी (āem̐ge/āem̐gī) — they will come
The "know how to" construction — [को] + [skill] + आना: one of Hindi's most important idiomatic uses of आना. The experiencer takes को (dative/accusative marker), the skill/language is the subject, and आना agrees with the skill-noun in gender: - मुझे हिंदी आती है — Hindi (feminine) comes to me = I know Hindi - मुझे तैरना आता है — swimming (infinitive = masculine) comes to me = I know how to swim - क्या तुम्हें गाना आता है? — Do you know how to sing?
Compound verbs with आना: - आ जाना — completive arrival: मेहमान आ गए (The guests have arrived — done) - ले आना — to bring: सब्ज़ी ले आओ (Bring vegetables) - चला आना — to come along/keep coming: वह चला आया (He kept coming / he came along) - भेज आना — to send (and come back): बच्चे को स्कूल भेज आओ (Take the child to school and come back)
Meteorological and natural phenomena with आना: In Hindi, rain, storm, spring, and similar phenomena "come" — बारिश आना (rain comes), आँधी आना (storm comes), बुखार आना (fever comes). This is an animist linguistic pattern: natural forces arrive like visitors.
Common Mistakes: - Adding ने: *वह आया ने — wrong; आना never takes ने - Wrong gender in past: *लड़की आया — wrong; must be लड़की आई - Confusing आना (to come) with लाना (to bring) — लाना is the transitive counterpart
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आना is at the heart of Indian hospitality culture. Guests do not merely visit — they आते हैं, they come, and their coming is an event of welcome and honour. पधारो (padhāro, "please come" — honorific) and आइए (āie, "do come") are among the most gracious words in Hindi, used for welcoming guests, dignitaries, and elders.
The construction आओ मिलकर — "come, let us together" — captures a collaborative invitation central to Indian social interaction. It appears in song, in the classroom, in political speeches, and at the family table. Jawaharlal Nehru's famous phrase "आराम हराम है" (rest is forbidden) is preceded by an implied आओ — come, let us work.
The metaphorical आना is everywhere in Hindi film songs: प्यार तुम्हें किया है, दिल में तुम आ गए (I loved you, you came into my heart). आ जाना (the completive form) expresses the irrevocable arrival — into one's life, one's heart, one's home. The song "आ जा रे, परदेसी" (Come, O stranger) is one of the most famous evocations of this longing.
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मिर्ज़ा ग़ालिब (Mirza Ghalib, 1797–1869) — दीवान-ए-ग़ालिब (Dīwān-e-Ghālib)
Ghalib is the poet of longing and non-arrival. In this celebrated sher (couplet) from his Urdu divan, आना and its negation — not-coming — carry the weight of the entire poem. The couplet appears in the ghazal that begins "कोई उम्मीद बर नहीं आती," one of the most anthologised in the Urdu/Hindi tradition.
F-A: Interlinear Construed Text
कोई (koī) any उम्मीद (ummīd) hope बर (bar) fruitful नहीं (nahīm̐) not आती (ātī) comes-FEM कोई (koī) any सूरत (sūrat) form/face नज़र (nazar) sight नहीं (nahīm̐) not आती (ātī) comes-FEM
F-B: Authentic Text with Translation
کوئی اُمّید بر نہیں آتی، کوئی صورت نظر نہیں آتی
कोई उम्मीद बर नहीं आती, कोई सूरत नज़र नहीं आती।
"No hope bears fruit / no form comes into sight."
F-C: Authentic Text Only
कोई उम्मीद बर नहीं आती, कोई सूरत नज़र नहीं आती।
F-D: Grammar and Vocabulary Notes
आती (ātī): feminine present habitual of आना — agrees with उम्मीद (hope, feminine) and सूरत (form/face, feminine). The verb is repeated in both hemistichs, binding them rhythmically and grammatically.
बर आना (bar ānā): an Urdu-Persian compound idiom — बर (bar, from Persian, "upon/out") + आना = "to come out/bear fruit." उम्मीद बर नहीं आती = hope does not come to fruition.
नज़र आना (nazar ānā): "to come into sight / to appear / to be visible." A fixed compound: नज़र does not inflect; आना agrees with the subject (here feminine). नज़र नहीं आती = does not appear.
F-E: Literary Commentary
This couplet is Ghalib at his most compressed. Both lines turn on आती — the feminine present habitual of आना — and both deny it: nothing comes. Hope does not come; a face does not come into view. The repetition of the same verb-ending (-ātī) across both hemistichs is not mere rhyme but a doubling of absence: coming is the action the poem is built around, and it is the action that refuses to happen. आना, in Ghalib's universe, is the verb of longing — the movement toward that never completes. The learner who has studied आना as "to come" now encounters it as the grammatical form of desire itself.
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Ravi has been working in Mumbai for months. He comes home to his family in Jaipur for Diwali. The narrative is built around आना across all its forms — planned coming, actual arrival, things coming (rain, memory, joy) — set against the festival of light.
49.16a रवि Ravi महीनों months-OBL बाद after दिवाली Diwali पर on घर home आ come रहा PROG-MASC था was
49.16b (Ravi) Ravi (mahīnom̐) months-OBL (bād) after (divālī) Diwali (par) on (ghar) home (ā) come (rahā) PROG-MASC (thā) was
49.17a माँ mother को DAT पता knowledge था was कि that वह he ज़रूर definitely आएगा will-come-MASC
49.17b (mām̐) mother (ko) DAT (patā) knowledge (thā) was (ki) that (vah) he (zarūr) definitely (āegā) will-come-MASC
49.18a ट्रेन train स्टेशन station पर at पहुँची arrived-FEM और and रवि Ravi प्लेटफ़ॉर्म platform पर on उतर descend आया came-MASC [COMP]
49.18b (ṭren) train (steśan) station (par) at (pahum̐cī) arrived-FEM (aur) and (Ravi) Ravi (pleṭfārm) platform (par) on (utar) descend (āyā) came-MASC [COMP]
49.19a पिताजी father-HON लेने to-fetch-OBL आए came-MASC-PL-PERF थे were अपनी own-FEM पुरानी old गाड़ी car लेकर taking [CONV]
49.19b (pitājī) father-HON (lene) to-fetch-OBL (āe) came-MASC-PL-PERF (the) were (apnī) own-FEM (purānī) old (gāṛī) car (lekar) taking [CONV]
49.20a घर home पहुँचते arriving [CONV] ही only छोटी little-FEM बहन sister दौड़ती running-FEM आई came-FEM [COMP]
49.20b (ghar) home (pahum̐cte) arriving [CONV] (hī) only (choṭī) little-FEM (bahan) sister (dauṛtī) running-FEM (āī) came-FEM [COMP]
49.21a माँ mother ने ERG कहा said-MASC आ come जा go बेटा son खाना food तैयार ready है is
49.21b (mām̐) mother (ne) ERG (kahā) said-MASC (ā) come (jā) go (beṭā) son (khānā) food (taiyār) ready (hai) is
49.22a रात night को OBL पड़ोसी neighbours भी also बधाई congratulations देने to-give-OBL आए came-MASC-PL
49.22b (rāt) night (ko) OBL (paṛosī) neighbours (bhī) also (badhāī) congratulations (dene) to-give-OBL (āe) came-MASC-PL
49.23a दीप lamps जले burned-MASC-PL और and रोशनी light-FEM चारों all-four तरफ़ sides से from आई came-FEM
49.23b (dīp) lamps (jale) burned-MASC-PL (aur) and (rośnī) light-FEM (cārom̐) all-four (taraf) sides (se) from (āī) came-FEM
49.24a रवि Ravi को DAT बचपन childhood की GEN-FEM यादें memories आ come गईं went-FEM-PL [COMP]
49.24b (Ravi) Ravi (ko) DAT (bacpan) childhood (kī) GEN-FEM (yādem̐) memories (ā) come (gaīm̐) went-FEM-PL [COMP]
49.25a उसने he-ERG सोचा thought-MASC मुंबई Mumbai में in काम work आता comes-MASC-HAB है is पर but ख़ुशी happiness-FEM यहाँ here से from आती comes-FEM-HAB है is
49.25b (usne) he-ERG (socā) thought-MASC (Mumbaī) Mumbai (mem̐) in (kām) work (ātā) comes-MASC-HAB (hai) is (par) but (khuśī) happiness-FEM (yahām̐) here (se) from (ātī) comes-FEM-HAB (hai) is
49.26a सुबह morning मीठी sweet-FEM ख़ुशबू fragrance-FEM नाक nose तक to आई came-FEM तो then माँ mother पूजा worship कर do रही PROG-FEM थीं were
49.26b (subah) morning (mīṭhī) sweet-FEM (khuśbū) fragrance-FEM (nāk) nose (tak) to (āī) came-FEM (to) then (mām̐) mother (pūjā) worship (kar) do (rahī) PROG-FEM (thīm̐) were
49.27a शहर city से from रिश्तेदार relatives भी also दो two दिन days के GEN लिए for आए came-MASC-PL
49.27b (śahar) city (se) from (riśtedār) relatives (bhī) also (do) two (din) days (ke) GEN (lie) for (āe) came-MASC-PL
49.28a रवि Ravi ने ERG सोचा thought-MASC अगले next-MASC साल year और more जल्दी soon आऊँगा will-come-MASC-1SG
49.28b (Ravi) Ravi (ne) ERG (socā) thought-MASC (agle) next-MASC (sāl) year (aur) more (jaldī) soon (āūm̐gā) will-come-MASC-1SG
49.29a त्योहार festival बीते passed-MASC-PL पर but उनका their प्यार love दिल heart में in बसा settled-MASC रहा remained-MASC
49.29b (tyohār) festival (bīte) passed-MASC-PL (par) but (unkā) their (pyār) love (dil) heart (mem̐) in (basā) settled-MASC (rahā) remained-MASC
49.30a वापस back जाते going [CONV] वक्त time उसे him-DAT पता knowledge था was वह he फिर again आएगा will-come-MASC
49.30b (vāpas) back (jāte) going [CONV] (vakt) time (use) him-DAT (patā) knowledge (thā) was (vah) he (phir) again (āegā) will-come-MASC
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49.16 रवि महीनों बाद दिवाली पर घर आ रहा था। "Ravi was coming home for Diwali after months away."
49.17 माँ को पता था कि वह ज़रूर आएगा। "Mother knew that he would definitely come."
49.18 ट्रेन स्टेशन पर पहुँची और रवि प्लेटफ़ॉर्म पर उतर आया। "The train arrived at the station and Ravi came down onto the platform."
49.19 पिताजी लेने आए थे अपनी पुरानी गाड़ी लेकर। "Father had come to fetch him, bringing his old car."
49.20 घर पहुँचते ही छोटी बहन दौड़ती आई। "The moment he arrived home, his little sister came running."
49.21 माँ ने कहा — आ जा बेटा, खाना तैयार है। "Mother said: Come on, son, the food is ready."
49.22 रात को पड़ोसी भी बधाई देने आए। "At night the neighbours also came to offer congratulations."
49.23 दीप जले और रोशनी चारों तरफ़ से आई। "The lamps lit and light came from all four sides."
49.24 रवि को बचपन की यादें आ गईं। "Memories of childhood came to Ravi."
49.25 उसने सोचा — मुंबई में काम आता है, पर ख़ुशी यहाँ से आती है। "He thought: Work comes in Mumbai, but happiness comes from here."
49.26 सुबह मीठी ख़ुशबू नाक तक आई तो माँ पूजा कर रही थीं। "In the morning a sweet fragrance reached his nose — mother was doing her prayers."
49.27 शहर से रिश्तेदार भी दो दिन के लिए आए। "Relatives from the city also came for two days."
49.28 रवि ने सोचा — अगले साल और जल्दी आऊँगा। "Ravi thought: Next year I will come even sooner."
49.29 त्योहार बीते पर उनका प्यार दिल में बसा रहा। "The festival passed but their love remained settled in his heart."
49.30 वापस जाते वक्त उसे पता था वह फिर आएगा। "As he left, he knew he would come again."
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49.16 रवि महीनों बाद दिवाली पर घर आ रहा था।
49.17 माँ को पता था कि वह ज़रूर आएगा।
49.18 ट्रेन स्टेशन पर पहुँची और रवि प्लेटफ़ॉर्म पर उतर आया।
49.19 पिताजी लेने आए थे अपनी पुरानी गाड़ी लेकर।
49.20 घर पहुँचते ही छोटी बहन दौड़ती आई।
49.21 माँ ने कहा — आ जा बेटा, खाना तैयार है।
49.22 रात को पड़ोसी भी बधाई देने आए।
49.23 दीप जले और रोशनी चारों तरफ़ से आई।
49.24 रवि को बचपन की यादें आ गईं।
49.25 उसने सोचा — मुंबई में काम आता है, पर ख़ुशी यहाँ से आती है।
49.26 सुबह मीठी ख़ुशबू नाक तक आई तो माँ पूजा कर रही थीं।
49.27 शहर से रिश्तेदार भी दो दिन के लिए आए।
49.28 रवि ने सोचा — अगले साल और जल्दी आऊँगा।
49.29 त्योहार बीते पर उनका प्यार दिल में बसा रहा।
49.30 वापस जाते वक्त उसे पता था वह फिर आएगा।
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आ जाना — completive compound: आ + जाना indicates that the coming is complete and the arrival accomplished. उतर आया (came down), दौड़ती आई (came running), यादें आ गईं (memories came/arrived). The जाना component absorbs the sense of "done, finished, now in effect."
दौड़ती आई — manner compound: verb of manner (दौड़ती, running — present participle FEM) + आई (came). This construction shows the manner in which someone approaches: वह हँसता आया (he came laughing), वह रोती आई (she came crying). The manner verb stays in its habitual participle form, uninflected for tense.
पहुँचते ही — immediacy: oblique present participle + ही = "the very moment of arriving." घर पहुँचते ही = "the very instant of arriving home." ही tightens the temporal connection to zero.
आता है in the metaphorical sense: उसने सोचा — मुंबई में काम आता है — here आता है is not "comes" but "is available / one gets." This is the same idiomatic आना that expresses availability and occurrence: यहाँ बारिश बहुत आती है (It rains a lot here — lit. rain comes a lot here).
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आना (ānā) — IPA: /aː.naː/
- आ (ā): long open back vowel [aː] — as in English "father," held long - न (n): dental nasal — tongue tip to upper teeth, not alveolar ridge - The word is perfectly symmetric: ā-nā
Past forms: आया [aː.jaː] — आई [aː.iː] — आए [aː.eː] — आईं [aː.iːm̐]
The anusvara (nasalisation) in आईं: the chandrabindu (ँ) marks nasalisation of the preceding vowel. The ī in आईं is slightly nasalised — [ĩː].
Common errors: - Producing आ as a short a — it must be a held, long vowel - Pronouncing आई with a y-glide (*āyi) rather than a pure vowel transition — [aː.iː], not [aː.jiː]
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