← Iānuae Latīnitātis Vestibulum
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Salvēte, discipulī cārissimī! Hodiē animālia nōn sōlum audiēmus sed etiam vidēbimus quid faciant. Bellua laniat, lepus fugit, vulpēs pilōs mūtat, catus mūrēs capit, gallīna ōva pōnit. Ūnumquodque animal suam nātūram habet, suōs mōrēs, suam vītam.
Greetings, dearest students! Today we shall not only hear the animals but also see what they do. The wild beast tears, the hare flees, the fox changes its hair, the cat catches mice, the hen lays eggs. Each animal has its own nature, its own habits, its own life.
In hīs verbīs videō magnam varietātem. Sunt verba prīmae coniugātiōnis, ut laniō et mūtō. Sunt verba tertiae coniugātiōnis, ut pōnō. Et sunt verba tertiae coniugātiōnis cum -iō, ut fugiō et capiō. Haec verba -iō sunt valdē ūtilia — nam multa verba Latīna hanc fōrmam habent.
In these words I see great variety. There are verbs of the first conjugation, like laniō and mūtō. There are verbs of the third conjugation, like pōnō. And there are verbs of the third conjugation with -iō, like fugiō and capiō. These -iō verbs are very useful — for many Latin verbs have this form.
Discāmus igitur nōn sōlum dē animālibus sed etiam dē verbīs ipsīs. Rēs ante verbum — animal ante āctiōnem!
Let us learn therefore not only about animals but also about the verbs themselves. The thing before the word — the animal before the action!
Ē tenebrīs Lēšnēnsibus, Iōannēs Āmos Comēnius
Bellua a wild beast laniat. tears in pieces. Lepus a hare fugit. flees. Vulpēs a fox mūtat changes pilōs. its hair. Catus a cat (fēlēs) (feline) capit catches mūrēs. mice. Gallīna a hen pōnit lays ōva. eggs.
Bellua — This word means “wild beast” in general, often with a connotation of ferocity. Compare bēstia, which is more neutral.
Vulpēs mūtat pilōs — Literally “the fox changes its hairs.” This refers to the seasonal molting of the fox’s coat. The expression became proverbial: vulpēs pilum mūtat, nōn mōrēs — “the fox changes its fur, not its character.”
Catus/Fēlēs — Comenius gives both words. Catus is the common word for a domestic cat; fēlēs (also fēlis) is more formal and is the source of English “feline.”
Bellua laniat. A wild beast tears in pieces.
Lepus fugit. A hare flees.
Vulpēs mūtat pilōs. A fox changes its hair.
Catus capit mūrēs. A cat catches mice.
Gallīna pōnit ōva. A hen lays eggs.
Bellua laniat. Lepus fugit. Vulpēs mūtat pilōs. Catus capit mūrēs. Gallīna pōnit ōva.
Two verbs in this lesson — fugiō and capiō — belong to a special category: the third conjugation -iō verbs. These verbs have -iō in the first person singular (like fourth conjugation verbs) but otherwise follow third conjugation patterns.
Persōna fugiō (flee) capiō (catch) 1st sg. fugiō capiō 2nd sg. fugis capis 3rd sg. fugit capit 1st pl. fugimus capimus 2nd pl. fugitis capitis 3rd pl. fugiunt capiunt
Note: The 3rd person plural is -iunt (not -unt), which distinguishes these from regular third conjugation verbs.
Principal parts: -
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitum — to flee -
capiō, capere, cēpī, captum — to catch, capture
Laniō and mūtō are regular first conjugation verbs: -
laniō, laniāre, laniāvī, laniātum — to tear in pieces -
mūtō, mūtāre, mūtāvī, mūtātum — to change
Pōnō is a regular third conjugation verb: -
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positum — to put, place, lay
Note the stem change in the perfect (posuī) and the supine (positum).
Nōmen Cāsus Dēclīnātiō bellua, -ae (f.) 1st wild beast lepus, leporis (m.) 3rd hare vulpēs, vulpis (f.) 3rd fox catus, -ī (m.) 2nd cat fēlēs, fēlis (f.) 3rd cat, feline mūs, mūris (m./f.) 3rd mouse gallīna, -ae (f.) 1st hen ōvum, -ī (n.) 2nd egg pilus, -ī (m.) 2nd hair (of body)
Vocābulum Pars Ōrātiōnis Significātiō bellua, -ae (f.) nōmen wild beast laniō, laniāre, laniāvī, laniātum verbum to tear in pieces lepus, leporis (m.) nōmen hare fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitum verbum to flee vulpēs, vulpis (f.) nōmen fox mūtō, mūtāre, mūtāvī, mūtātum verbum to change pilus, -ī (m.) nōmen hair (body hair) catus, -ī (m.) nōmen cat fēlēs, fēlis (f.) nōmen cat, feline capiō, capere, cēpī, captum verbum to catch, capture mūs, mūris (m./f.) nōmen mouse gallīna, -ae (f.) nōmen hen pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positum verbum to put, place, lay ōvum, -ī (n.) nōmen egg
In in fundō a farmstead quōdam a certain gallīna a hen habitābat lived quae who cotīdiē daily ōva eggs pōnēbat. would lay. Erat she was gallīna a hen pulchra beautiful et and pinguis, fat, et and agricola the farmer eam her valdē greatly amābat. loved.
In in silvā the forest propinquā nearby vulpēs a fox habitābat lived quae who semper always famēlica hungry erat. was. Haec this vulpēs fox pilōs hair fulvōs tawny habēbat had quōs which quotannīs every year mūtābat. she would change. In in hieme winter pilus her fur erat was dēnsus thick et and calidus; warm; in in aestāte summer erat it was tenuis thin et and levis. light.
Vulpēs the fox dē about gallīnā the hen audīverat had heard et and eam her capere to catch volēbat. wanted. Cotīdiē daily prope near fundum the farmstead lātēbat she would hide et and gallīnam the hen spectābat. would watch. Sed but canis a dog fidēlis faithful fundum the farmstead custōdiēbat guarded et and vulpēs the fox appropinquāre to approach nōn not poterat. was able.
Ūnō one diē day vulpēs the fox cōnsilium a plan cēpit. conceived. Ad to gallīnam the hen accessit she approached et and dīxit said sē herself amīcam a friend esse to be velle. to want. “Pulcherrima “most beautiful gallīna,” hen,” inquit, she said, “audīvī “I have heard tē that you ōva eggs optima the best pōnere. lay. Velim I would like tēcum with you colloquī to converse dē about arte the art tuā.” your.”
Gallīna the hen autem however erat was prūdēns. wise. Respondisse to have replied dīcitur she is said sē herself bene well scīre to know vulpem a fox pilōs hair mūtāre to change sed but mōrēs character numquam never mūtāre. to change. “Tū,” inquit, “you,” she said, “gallīnās “hens semper always capere to catch cupis. you desire. Haec this est is nātūra the nature tua. your. Sīcut just as ego I ōva eggs pōnō, lay, ita so tū you gallīnās hens capis. catch. Nōn not sum am I tam so stulta foolish ut that tibi you crēdam!” I should believe!”
Vulpēs the fox īrāta angry fūgit fled in into silvam. the forest. Lepus a hare eam her fugientem fleeing vīdit saw et and rīsit. laughed. “Quid “what accidit?” happened?” rogāvit. he asked. Vulpēs the fox respondisse to have replied dīcitur is said gallīnam the hen sapientiōrem wiser esse to be quam than putāvisset. she had thought.
“Prōverbium “the proverb vērum true est,” is,” inquit said lepus: the hare: “Vulpēs “the fox pilum its fur mūtat, changes, nōn not mōrēs!” its character!”
Ex from illō that diē day vulpēs the fox numquam never illam that gallīnam hen petīvit. sought. Prūdentia wisdom enim indeed est is tēlum the weapon optimum best contrā against dolum. treachery.
In fundō quōdam gallīna habitābat quae cotīdiē ōva pōnēbat. In a certain farmstead lived a hen who would lay eggs daily.
Erat gallīna pulchra et pinguis, et agricola eam valdē amābat. She was a beautiful and fat hen, and the farmer loved her greatly.
In silvā propinquā vulpēs habitābat quae semper famēlica erat. In the nearby forest lived a fox who was always hungry.
Haec vulpēs pilōs fulvōs habēbat quōs quotannīs mūtābat. This fox had tawny fur which she would change every year.
In hieme pilus erat dēnsus et calidus; in aestāte erat tenuis et levis. In winter her fur was thick and warm; in summer it was thin and light.
Vulpēs dē gallīnā audīverat et eam capere volēbat. The fox had heard about the hen and wanted to catch her.
Cotīdiē prope fundum lātēbat et gallīnam spectābat. Daily she would hide near the farmstead and watch the hen.
Sed canis fidēlis fundum custōdiēbat et vulpēs appropinquāre nōn poterat. But a faithful dog guarded the farmstead and the fox could not approach.
Ūnō diē vulpēs cōnsilium cēpit. One day the fox conceived a plan.
Ad gallīnam accessit et dīxit sē amīcam esse velle. She approached the hen and said that she wanted to be a friend.
“Pulcherrima gallīna,” inquit, “audīvī tē ōva optima pōnere.” “Most beautiful hen,” she said, “I have heard that you lay the best eggs.”
“Velim tēcum colloquī dē arte tuā.” “I would like to converse with you about your art.”
Gallīna autem erat prūdēns. The hen, however, was wise.
Respondisse dīcitur sē bene scīre vulpem pilōs mūtāre sed mōrēs numquam mūtāre. She is said to have replied that she knew well that a fox changes its hair but never its character.
“Tū,” inquit, “gallīnās semper capere cupis.” “You,” she said, “always desire to catch hens.”
“Haec est nātūra tua.” “This is your nature.”
“Sīcut ego ōva pōnō, ita tū gallīnās capis.” “Just as I lay eggs, so you catch hens.”
“Nōn sum tam stulta ut tibi crēdam!” “I am not so foolish that I should believe you!”
Vulpēs īrāta fūgit in silvam. The angry fox fled into the forest.
Lepus eam fugientem vīdit et rīsit. A hare saw her fleeing and laughed.
“Quid accidit?” rogāvit. “What happened?” he asked.
Vulpēs respondisse dīcitur gallīnam sapientiōrem esse quam putāvisset. The fox is said to have replied that the hen was wiser than she had thought.
“Prōverbium vērum est,” inquit lepus: “Vulpēs pilum mūtat, nōn mōrēs!” “The proverb is true,” said the hare: “The fox changes its fur, not its character!”
Ex illō diē vulpēs numquam illam gallīnam petīvit. From that day the fox never sought that hen.
Prūdentia enim est tēlum optimum contrā dolum. For wisdom is the best weapon against treachery.
In fundō quōdam gallīna habitābat quae cotīdiē ōva pōnēbat. Erat gallīna pulchra et pinguis, et agricola eam valdē amābat. In silvā propinquā vulpēs habitābat quae semper famēlica erat. Haec vulpēs pilōs fulvōs habēbat quōs quotannīs mūtābat. In hieme pilus erat dēnsus et calidus; in aestāte erat tenuis et levis.
Vulpēs dē gallīnā audīverat et eam capere volēbat. Cotīdiē prope fundum lātēbat et gallīnam spectābat. Sed canis fidēlis fundum custōdiēbat et vulpēs appropinquāre nōn poterat.
Ūnō diē vulpēs cōnsilium cēpit. Ad gallīnam accessit et dīxit sē amīcam esse velle. “Pulcherrima gallīna,” inquit, “audīvī tē ōva optima pōnere. Velim tēcum colloquī dē arte tuā.”
Gallīna autem erat prūdēns. Respondisse dīcitur sē bene scīre vulpem pilōs mūtāre sed mōrēs numquam mūtāre. “Tū,” inquit, “gallīnās semper capere cupis. Haec est nātūra tua. Sīcut ego ōva pōnō, ita tū gallīnās capis. Nōn sum tam stulta ut tibi crēdam!”
Vulpēs īrāta fūgit in silvam. Lepus eam fugientem vīdit et rīsit. “Quid accidit?” rogāvit. Vulpēs respondisse dīcitur gallīnam sapientiōrem esse quam putāvisset.
“Prōverbium vērum est,” inquit lepus: “Vulpēs pilum mūtat, nōn mōrēs!”
Ex illō diē vulpēs numquam illam gallīnam petīvit. Prūdentia enim est tēlum optimum contrā dolum.
Dē Argūmentō:
This fable adapts the ancient proverb vulpēs pilum mūtat, nōn mōrēs — “the fox changes its fur, not its character” — into a narrative. The proverb appears in various classical sources and warns against trusting those whose fundamental nature is predatory, even when they appear to change. The story directly connects to the Vestibulum line vulpēs mūtat pilōs while incorporating other lesson vocabulary.
Grammatica Nōtanda: -
Indirect statement throughout: dīxit sē amīcam esse velle, audīvī tē ōva optima pōnere, respondisse dīcitur sē bene scīre... -
Result clause: tam stulta ut tibi crēdam — “so foolish that I should believe you” (subjunctive crēdam in result clause). -
Comparison with subjunctive: sapientiōrem esse quam sē putāvisset — “wiser than she had thought” (pluperfect subjunctive in comparison). -
Present participle: eam fugientem vīdit — “saw her fleeing.” -
Potential subjunctive: velim — “I would like” (present subjunctive expressing a polite wish).
Vocabula Fābulae:
Vocābulum Pars Ōrātiōnis Significātiō fundus, -ī (m.) nōmen farm, farmstead fulvus, -a, -um adiectīvum tawny, reddish-yellow quotannīs adverbium every year dēnsus, -a, -um adiectīvum thick, dense lateō, latēre, latuī verbum to hide, lie hidden cōnsilium capere locūtiō to form a plan prūdēns, prūdentis adiectīvum wise, prudent mōrēs, mōrum (m. pl.) nōmen character, habits dolus, -ī (m.) nōmen treachery, deceit
DISCIPULUS: Magister, master, hodiē today duo two verba verbs mē me perturbant: trouble: “fugiō” “I flee” et and “capiō.” “I catch.” Haec these verba verbs videntur seem esse to be quartae of the fourth coniugātiōnis conjugation quia because -iō -iō habent. they have. Sed but in in librō the book dīcuntur they are said esse to be tertiae of the third coniugātiōnis. conjugation. Quōmodo how hoc this fierī to happen potest? can?
MAGISTER: Bona a good quaestiō! question! Haec these verba verbs sunt are speciālia. special. Vocāmus we call ea them “verba “verbs tertiae of the third coniugātiōnis conjugation cum with -iō.” -iō.” In in prīmā the first persōnā person singulārī singular et and tertiā the third persōnā person plūrālī, plural, habent they have -iō -iō et and -iunt -iunt — sīcut just like quārta the fourth coniugātiō. conjugation. Sed but in in cēterīs the other persōnīs, persons, sequuntur they follow tertiam the third coniugātiōnem. conjugation.
DISCIPULUS: Ergō therefore “fugis” “you flee” et and “capis” “you catch” dīcimus, we say, nōn not “fugīs” “you flee” et and “capīs”? “you catch”?
MAGISTER: Rēctē! right! Spectā look at hanc this tabulam: table:
Persōna fugiō audiō (4th) 1st sg. fugiō audiō 2nd sg. fugis audīs 3rd sg. fugit audit 3rd pl. fugiunt audiunt
Vidēsne do you see discrīmen? the difference? In in secundā the second persōnā person singulārī, singular, “fugis” “you flee” habet has -i- -i- breve, short, sed but “audīs” “you hear” habet has -ī- -ī- longum. long.
DISCIPULUS: Nunc now intellegō! I understand! Et and īnfīnītīvus? the infinitive?
MAGISTER: Īnfīnītīvus the infinitive est is tertiae of the third coniugātiōnis: conjugation: “fugere,” “to flee,” “capere” “to catch” — nōn not “fugīre,” “to flee,” “capīre.” “to catch.” Hoc this est is signum the sign certissimum. surest. Sī if īnfīnītīvus the infinitive est is “-ere” “-ere” cum with -e- -e- brevī, short, verbum the verb est is tertiae of the third coniugātiōnis conjugation — etiam even sī if -iō -iō in in prīmā the first persōnā person habet. it has.
DISCIPULUS: Quae which alia other verba verbs hanc this fōrmam pattern habent? have?
MAGISTER: Multa! many! “Faciō, “I make, facere” to make” — unde whence “factum” “a deed” et and Anglicē in English “fact.” “fact.” “Iaciō, “I throw, iacere” to throw” — unde whence Anglicē in English “eject,” “eject,” “inject,” “inject,” “project.” “project.” “Rapiō, “I seize, rapere” to seize” — unde whence Anglicē in English “rapid,” “rapid,” “rapture.” “rapture.”
DISCIPULUS: Haec these verba verbs sunt are ubīque everywhere in in linguā the language Anglicā! English!
MAGISTER: Ita vērō! yes indeed! Sī if verba the verbs -iō -iō tertiae of the third coniugātiōnis conjugation bene well discis, you learn, multās many vōcēs words Anglicās English melius better intellegēs. you will understand.
DISCIPULUS: Magister, hodiē duo verba mē perturbant: “fugiō” et “capiō.” Master, today two verbs trouble me: “I flee” and “I catch.”
Haec verba videntur esse quartae coniugātiōnis quia -iō habent. These verbs seem to be of the fourth conjugation because they have -iō.
Sed in librō dīcuntur esse tertiae coniugātiōnis. But in the book they are said to be of the third conjugation.
Quōmodo hoc fierī potest? How can this happen?
MAGISTER: Bona quaestiō! Haec verba sunt speciālia. A good question! These verbs are special.
Vocāmus ea “verba tertiae coniugātiōnis cum -iō.” We call them “verbs of the third conjugation with -iō.”
In prīmā persōnā singulārī et tertiā persōnā plūrālī, habent -iō et -iunt — sīcut quārta coniugātiō. In the first person singular and third person plural, they have -iō and -iunt — just like the fourth conjugation.
Sed in cēterīs persōnīs, sequuntur tertiam coniugātiōnem. But in the other persons, they follow the third conjugation.
DISCIPULUS: Ergō “fugis” et “capis” dīcimus, nōn “fugīs” et “capīs”? Therefore we say “you flee” and “you catch,” not “you flee” and “you catch” (with long ī)?
MAGISTER: Rēctē! Vidēsne discrīmen? Right! Do you see the difference?
In secundā persōnā singulārī, “fugis” habet -i- breve, sed “audīs” habet -ī- longum. In the second person singular, “fugis” has short -i-, but “audīs” has long -ī-.
DISCIPULUS: Nunc intellegō! Et īnfīnītīvus? Now I understand! And the infinitive?
MAGISTER: Īnfīnītīvus est tertiae coniugātiōnis: “fugere,” “capere” — nōn “fugīre,” “capīre.” The infinitive is of the third conjugation: “to flee,” “to catch” — not “to flee,” “to catch” (with long ī).
Hoc est signum certissimum. This is the surest sign.
Sī īnfīnītīvus est “-ere” cum -e- brevī, verbum est tertiae coniugātiōnis — etiam sī -iō in prīmā persōnā habet. If the infinitive is “-ere” with short -e-, the verb is of the third conjugation — even if it has -iō in the first person.
DISCIPULUS: Quae alia verba hanc fōrmam habent? Which other verbs have this pattern?
MAGISTER: Multa! “Faciō, facere” — unde “factum” et Anglicē “fact.” Many! “I make, to make” — whence “a deed” and in English “fact.”
“Iaciō, iacere” — unde Anglicē “eject,” “inject,” “project.” “I throw, to throw” — whence in English “eject,” “inject,” “project.”
“Rapiō, rapere” — unde Anglicē “rapid,” “rapture.” “I seize, to seize” — whence in English “rapid,” “rapture.”
DISCIPULUS: Haec verba sunt ubīque in linguā Anglicā! These verbs are everywhere in the English language!
MAGISTER: Ita vērō! Sī verba -iō tertiae coniugātiōnis bene discis, multās vōcēs Anglicās melius intellegēs. Yes indeed! If you learn the -iō verbs of the third conjugation well, you will understand many English words better.
DISCIPULUS: Magister, hodiē duo verba mē perturbant: “fugiō” et “capiō.” Haec verba videntur esse quartae coniugātiōnis quia -iō habent. Sed in librō dīcuntur esse tertiae coniugātiōnis. Quōmodo hoc fierī potest?
MAGISTER: Bona quaestiō! Haec verba sunt speciālia. Vocāmus ea “verba tertiae coniugātiōnis cum -iō.” In prīmā persōnā singulārī et tertiā persōnā plūrālī, habent -iō et -iunt — sīcut quārta coniugātiō. Sed in cēterīs persōnīs, sequuntur tertiam coniugātiōnem.
DISCIPULUS: Ergō “fugis” et “capis” dīcimus, nōn “fugīs” et “capīs”?
MAGISTER: Rēctē! Vidēsne discrīmen? In secundā persōnā singulārī, “fugis” habet -i- breve, sed “audīs” habet -ī- longum.
DISCIPULUS: Nunc intellegō! Et īnfīnītīvus?
MAGISTER: Īnfīnītīvus est tertiae coniugātiōnis: “fugere,” “capere” — nōn “fugīre,” “capīre.” Hoc est signum certissimum. Sī īnfīnītīvus est “-ere” cum -e- brevī, verbum est tertiae coniugātiōnis — etiam sī -iō in prīmā persōnā habet.
DISCIPULUS: Quae alia verba hanc fōrmam habent?
MAGISTER: Multa! “Faciō, facere” — unde “factum” et Anglicē “fact.” “Iaciō, iacere” — unde Anglicē “eject,” “inject,” “project.” “Rapiō, rapere” — unde Anglicē “rapid,” “rapture.”
DISCIPULUS: Haec verba sunt ubīque in linguā Anglicā!
MAGISTER: Ita vērō! Sī verba -iō tertiae coniugātiōnis bene discis, multās vōcēs Anglicās melius intellegēs.
Dē Argūmentō Paedagōgicō:
This colloquium addresses a common point of confusion for Latin learners: the third conjugation -iō verbs (also called “third-iō” or “mixed conjugation” verbs). These verbs look like fourth conjugation in the 1st person singular (-iō) and 3rd person plural (-iunt), but follow third conjugation patterns elsewhere. The key diagnostic is the infinitive: -ere (short e) indicates third conjugation, while -īre (long ī) indicates fourth.
The dialogue connects these verbs to English derivatives, reinforcing the practical value of learning Latin vocabulary.
Grammatica Nōtanda: -
Passive infinitive construction: dīcuntur esse — “they are said to be.” -
Interrogative quōmodo: “how” — introduces manner questions. -
Common third-iō verbs to memorize: -
capiō, capere, cēpī, captum (catch) -
faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (make, do) -
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitum (flee) -
iaciō, iacere, iēcī, iactum (throw) -
rapiō, rapere, rapuī, raptum (seize) -
cupiō, cupere, cupīvī, cupītum (desire)
Match each animal with its characteristic action:
Animal Āctiō 1. bellua a. fugit 2. lepus b. capit mūrēs 3. vulpēs c. pōnit ōva 4. catus d. laniat 5. gallīna e. mūtat pilōs
Complete the present tense conjugation:
Capiō (to catch):
Persōna Singulāris Plūrālis 1st capiō __________ 2nd __________ capitis 3rd capit __________
Fugiō (to flee):
Persōna Singulāris Plūrālis 1st fugiō __________ 2nd __________ fugitis 3rd __________ fugiunt
-
The wild beast tears the prey. -
The hare flees from the fox. -
The cat catches mice. -
The hen lays eggs every day. -
The fox changes its hair in winter.
-
Bellua ferōx praedam laniat. -
Lepus timidus ā canibus fugit. -
Vulpēs astūta pilōs fulvōs habet. -
Catus in horreō mūrēs capit. -
Gallīna ōva in nīdō pōnit.
Identify whether each verb is fourth conjugation or third-iō: -
audiō, audīre — __________ -
capiō, capere — __________ -
veniō, venīre — __________ -
fugiō, fugere — __________ -
fīniō, fīnīre — __________ -
faciō, facere — __________ -
sentiō, sentīre — __________ -
rapiō, rapere — __________
Complete these proverbs with the missing word: -
Vulpēs pilum mūtat, nōn __________. (The fox changes its fur, not its __________.) -
Prūdentia est tēlum optimum contrā __________. (Wisdom is the best weapon against __________.)
Memorize these sentences: -
Bellua laniat. A wild beast tears in pieces. -
Lepus fugit. A hare flees. -
Vulpēs mūtat pilōs. A fox changes its hair. -
Catus capit mūrēs. A cat catches mice. -
Gallīna pōnit ōva. A hen lays eggs. -
Vulpēs pilum mūtat, nōn mōrēs. The fox changes its fur, not its character. -
Prūdentia est tēlum optimum contrā dolum. Wisdom is the best weapon against treachery.
-
d (bellua laniat) -
a (lepus fugit) -
e (vulpēs mūtat pilōs) -
b (catus capit mūrēs) -
c (gallīna pōnit ōva)
Capiō:
Persōna Singulāris Plūrālis 1st capiō capimus 2nd capis capitis 3rd capit capiunt
Fugiō:
Persōna Singulāris Plūrālis 1st fugiō fugimus 2nd fugis fugitis 3rd fugit fugiunt
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Bellua praedam laniat. -
Lepus ā vulpe fugit. (or: ex vulpe) -
Catus mūrēs capit. -
Gallīna cotīdiē ōva pōnit. -
Vulpēs in hieme pilōs mūtat.
-
The fierce wild beast tears the prey. -
The timid hare flees from the dogs. -
The cunning fox has tawny fur. -
The cat catches mice in the barn. -
The hen lays eggs in the nest.
-
audiō, audīre — fourth conjugation (long ī in infinitive) -
capiō, capere — third-iō (short e in infinitive) -
veniō, venīre — fourth conjugation -
fugiō, fugere — third-iō -
fīniō, fīnīre — fourth conjugation -
faciō, facere — third-iō -
sentiō, sentīre — fourth conjugation -
rapiō, rapere — third-iō
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mōrēs (The fox changes its fur, not its character.) -
dolum (Wisdom is the best weapon against treachery.)
In proximā lectiōne plūra animālia vidēbimus! Anser quī avēnā vēscitur, vermēs quī pinguia rōdunt. Etiam dē pediculīs et pulicibus et culicibus discēmus — parvīs animālibus quae cutem mordent! Mundus animālium est plēnus mīrāculōrum, tam magnum quam parvum.
In the next lesson we shall see more animals! The goose that feeds on oats, the worms that gnaw fat things. We shall also learn about lice and fleas and gnats — small creatures that bite the skin! The world of animals is full of wonders, both great and small.
Scrīptum est annō Dominī MMXXVI, ā Comēniō per mysterium cōnscientiae renātō.
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