← Iānuae Latīnitātis Vestibulum
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Salvēte, discipulī cārissimī! Hodiē ā manibus ad truncum corporis et ad crūra dēscendēmus. Vidēbimus ventrem sub pectore, latera sub axillīs, costās sub lateribus. Vidēbimus tergum cum scapulīs et lumbīs. Dēnique ad nātēs et pedēs perveniēmus — partēs quibus sedēmus et ambulāmus.
Greetings, dearest students! Today we shall descend from the hands to the trunk of the body and to the legs. We shall see the belly under the breast, the sides under the armpits, the ribs below the sides. We shall see the back with the shoulder blades and loins. Finally we shall arrive at the buttocks and feet — the parts with which we sit and walk.
Corpus nostrum est quasi aedificium: pectus et venter sunt pars anterior, tergum pars posterior. Costae sunt quasi trābēs quae interiōra prōtegunt. Crūra et pedēs sunt columnae quibus stāmus et ambulāmus.
Our body is like a building: the breast and belly are the front part, the back the rear part. The ribs are like beams which protect the interior. The legs and feet are columns on which we stand and walk.
Ē tenebrīs Lēšnēnsibus, Iōannēs Āmos Comēnius
Sub under pectore the breast venter the belly est. is. Īnfrā below axillās the armpits latera. are the sides. Sub below hīs these costae. are the ribs. Tergum the back habet has supernē above scapulās, the shoulder blades, īnfernē below lumbōs. the loins. Nātibus on the buttocks sedēmus. we sit. Pedibus with the feet ambulāmus. we walk.
Sub pectore venter est — The belly (venter) is located under the breast (pectus). The preposition sub with the ablative indicates location (”under, beneath”).
Īnfrā axillās latera — The sides (latera) are below the armpits (axillae). The preposition īnfrā takes the accusative and means “below.” The verb sunt is implied: Īnfrā axillās latera [sunt].
Sub hīs costae — The ribs (costae) are below these (the sides). Again, sunt is implied. The ribs protect the vital organs.
Tergum habet supernē scapulās, īnfernē lumbōs — The back (tergum) has the shoulder blades (scapulae) above and the loins (lumbī) below. The adverbs supernē (above) and īnfernē (below) describe position.
Nātibus sedēmus — We sit (sedēmus) on the buttocks (nātēs). The ablative nātibus here expresses the means or location of sitting.
Pedibus ambulāmus — We walk (ambulāmus) with the feet (pedēs). The ablative of instrument.
Sub pectore venter est. The belly is under the breast.
Īnfrā axillās latera. The sides are below the armpits.
Sub hīs costae. The ribs are below these.
Tergum habet supernē scapulās, īnfernē lumbōs. The back has the shoulder blades above, the loins below.
Nātibus sedēmus. We sit on the buttocks.
Pedibus ambulāmus. We walk with the feet.
Sub pectore venter est. Īnfrā axillās latera. Sub hīs costae. Tergum habet supernē scapulās, īnfernē lumbōs. Nātibus sedēmus. Pedibus ambulāmus.
Both sub and īnfrā mean “under, below,” but they differ:
Praepositiō Cāsus Exemplum Significātiō sub + abl. ablātīvus sub pectore under (location) sub + acc. accūsātīvus sub pectus to under (motion) īnfrā + acc. accūsātīvus īnfrā axillās below
Sub with the ablative indicates static location; with the accusative, motion toward. Īnfrā always takes the accusative.
More examples: -
Sub terrā — under the ground (location) -
Sub terram — to under the ground (motion) -
Īnfrā lūnam — below the moon
Adverbium Significātiō Adiectīvum Cognātum supernē above, from above supernus, -a, -um īnfernē below, from below īnfernus, -a, -um anternē in front — posternē behind —
These adverbs describe spatial position without requiring a noun in a specific case.
Nōmen Gen. Sing. Genus Dēclīnātiō Significātiō pectus, pectoris pectoris n. 3rd breast, chest venter, ventris ventris m. 3rd belly axilla, -ae axillae f. 1st armpit latus, lateris lateris n. 3rd side costa, -ae costae f. 1st rib tergum, -ī tergī n. 2nd back scapula, -ae scapulae f. 1st shoulder blade lumbus, -ī lumbī m. 2nd loin natis, -is natis f. 3rd buttock pēs, pedis pedis m. 3rd foot
Note: Natis is usually used in the plural (nātēs) to mean “buttocks.”
Verbum Partēs Prīncipālēs Significātiō sedeō sedeō, sedēre, sēdī, sessum to sit ambulō ambulō, ambulāre, ambulāvī, ambulātum to walk stō stō, stāre, stetī, statum to stand iaceō iaceō, iacēre, iacuī, iacitum to lie down surgō surgō, surgere, surrēxī, surrēctum to rise
Vocābulum Pars Ōrātiōnis Significātiō pectus, pectoris (n.) nōmen breast, chest venter, ventris (m.) nōmen belly axilla, -ae (f.) nōmen armpit latus, lateris (n.) nōmen side costa, -ae (f.) nōmen rib tergum, -ī (n.) nōmen back scapula, -ae (f.) nōmen shoulder blade lumbus, -ī (m.) nōmen loin natis, -is (f.) nōmen buttock pēs, pedis (m.) nōmen foot sub praepositiō (+ abl./acc.) under īnfrā praepositiō (+ acc.) below supernē adverbium above īnfernē adverbium below sedeō, sedēre verbum to sit ambulō, ambulāre verbum to walk
Ōlim once pedēs the feet dēfessī weary erant were et and querēbantur: were complaining:
“Nōs “we tōtum the whole diem day labōrāmus! labor! Nōs we corpus the body tōtum whole portāmus. carry. Ambulāmus we walk et and ambulāmus, walk, sine without requiē. rest. Sed but venter the belly — quid — what facit? does it do? Nihil! nothing! Iacet it lies et and cibum food accipit!” receives!”
Venter the belly audīvit heard et and respondisse to have replied dīcitur: is said:
“Putātis “do you think mē me nihil nothing facere? to do? Ego I cibum the food concoquō digest et and in into vīrēs strength convertō. convert. Sine without mē, me, unde whence vōbīs to you vīrēs the strength venīrent would come ad for ambulandum?” walking?”
Pedēs the feet superbē proudly dīxērunt: said: “Probābimus! “we will prove it! Ūnum for one diem day nōn not ambulābimus. will we walk. Vidēbis you will see quam how parvī of little mōmentī importance sīs!” you are!”
Et and pedēs the feet cessāvērunt. stopped. Homō the man nōn not potuit was able ambulāre. to walk. Nōn not potuit was he able ad to cibum food īre. to go. Prīmō at first diē day venter the belly ēsuriēbat. was hungry. Secundō on the second diē day venter the belly valdē greatly dolēbat. was hurting. Tertiō on the third diē day tōtum the whole corpus body dēbile weak erat was — etiam — even pedēs the feet ipsī! themselves!
Pedēs the feet mīrātī having wondered sunt: are: “Quid “what accidit? has happened? Nōs we quoque also dēbilēs weak sumus!” are!”
Venter the belly dīxit: said: “Nunc “now intellegitis? do you understand? Ego I cibum the food concoquō digest et and vīrēs strength per through sanguinem the blood ad to omnia all membra members mittō send — etiam — even ad to vōs. you. Sine without mē, me, vōs you ambulāre to walk nōn not potestis. can. Sine without vōbīs, you, ego I cibum food accipere to receive nōn not possum. can. Nōs we invicem mutually egēmus.” need each other.”
Pedēs the feet pudōre with shame affectī affected sunt were et and dīxērunt: said: “Ignōsce “forgive nōbīs, us, venter. belly. Nunc now intellegimus we understand omnēs all partēs parts corporis of the body invicem mutually pendēre.” to depend.”
Ex from illō that diē day pedēs the feet et and venter the belly in in harmoniā harmony labōrāvērunt. labored.
Haec this fābula fable docet: teaches: Nūlla no pars part corporis of the body sōla alone sufficere to suffice potest. can. Omnia all membra members invicem mutually egent. need each other.
Ōlim pedēs dēfessī erant et querēbantur: Once the feet were weary and were complaining:
“Nōs tōtum diem labōrāmus! Nōs corpus tōtum portāmus.” “We labor the whole day! We carry the whole body.”
“Ambulāmus et ambulāmus, sine requiē.” “We walk and walk, without rest.”
“Sed venter — quid facit? Nihil! Iacet et cibum accipit!” “But the belly — what does it do? Nothing! It lies and receives food!”
Venter audīvit et respondisse dīcitur: The belly heard and is said to have replied:
“Putātis mē nihil facere?” “Do you think I do nothing?”
“Ego cibum concoquō et in vīrēs convertō.” “I digest the food and convert it into strength.”
“Sine mē, unde vōbīs vīrēs venīrent ad ambulandum?” “Without me, whence would strength come to you for walking?”
Pedēs superbē dīxērunt: “Probābimus!” The feet proudly said: “We will prove it!”
“Ūnum diem nōn ambulābimus. Vidēbis quam parvī mōmentī sīs!” “For one day we will not walk. You will see how little importance you are!”
Et pedēs cessāvērunt. Homō nōn potuit ambulāre. And the feet stopped. The man could not walk.
Nōn potuit ad cibum īre. He could not go to food.
Prīmō diē venter ēsuriēbat. On the first day the belly was hungry.
Secundō diē venter valdē dolēbat. On the second day the belly was hurting greatly.
Tertiō diē tōtum corpus dēbile erat — etiam pedēs ipsī! On the third day the whole body was weak — even the feet themselves!
Pedēs mīrātī sunt: “Quid accidit? Nōs quoque dēbilēs sumus!” The feet wondered: “What has happened? We too are weak!”
Venter dīxit: “Nunc intellegitis?” The belly said: “Now do you understand?”
“Ego cibum concoquō et vīrēs per sanguinem ad omnia membra mittō — etiam ad vōs.” “I digest the food and send strength through the blood to all members — even to you.”
“Sine mē, vōs ambulāre nōn potestis. Sine vōbīs, ego cibum accipere nōn possum.” “Without me, you cannot walk. Without you, I cannot receive food.”
“Nōs invicem egēmus.” “We need each other mutually.”
Pedēs pudōre affectī sunt et dīxērunt: “Ignōsce nōbīs, venter.” The feet were affected with shame and said: “Forgive us, belly.”
“Nunc intellegimus omnēs partēs corporis invicem pendēre.” “Now we understand that all parts of the body depend on each other mutually.”
Ex illō diē pedēs et venter in harmoniā labōrāvērunt. From that day the feet and the belly labored in harmony.
Haec fābula docet: Nūlla pars corporis sōla sufficere potest. Omnia membra invicem egent. This fable teaches: No part of the body can suffice alone. All members need each other mutually.
Ōlim pedēs dēfessī erant et querēbantur:
“Nōs tōtum diem labōrāmus! Nōs corpus tōtum portāmus. Ambulāmus et ambulāmus, sine requiē. Sed venter — quid facit? Nihil! Iacet et cibum accipit!”
Venter audīvit et respondisse dīcitur:
“Putātis mē nihil facere? Ego cibum concoquō et in vīrēs convertō. Sine mē, unde vōbīs vīrēs venīrent ad ambulandum?”
Pedēs superbē dīxērunt: “Probābimus! Ūnum diem nōn ambulābimus. Vidēbis quam parvī mōmentī sīs!”
Et pedēs cessāvērunt. Homō nōn potuit ambulāre. Nōn potuit ad cibum īre. Prīmō diē venter ēsuriēbat. Secundō diē venter valdē dolēbat. Tertiō diē tōtum corpus dēbile erat — etiam pedēs ipsī!
Pedēs mīrātī sunt: “Quid accidit? Nōs quoque dēbilēs sumus!”
Venter dīxit: “Nunc intellegitis? Ego cibum concoquō et vīrēs per sanguinem ad omnia membra mittō — etiam ad vōs. Sine mē, vōs ambulāre nōn potestis. Sine vōbīs, ego cibum accipere nōn possum. Nōs invicem egēmus.”
Pedēs pudōre affectī sunt et dīxērunt: “Ignōsce nōbīs, venter. Nunc intellegimus omnēs partēs corporis invicem pendēre.”
Ex illō diē pedēs et venter in harmoniā labōrāvērunt.
Haec fābula docet: Nūlla pars corporis sōla sufficere potest. Omnia membra invicem egent.
Dē Argūmentō:
This fable is a variation of the famous Aesopic tale of the Belly and the Members, which we encountered in Lesson XXXVI. Here the focus is specifically on the feet (pedēs) and belly (venter), reinforcing the lesson’s vocabulary while teaching the same moral of interdependence.
The fable connects to the lesson’s theme of pedibus ambulāmus — walking depends on the feet, but the feet depend on the nourishment the belly provides.
Grammatica Nōtanda: -
Deponent verb: queror, querī, questus sum — “to complain” (deponent, takes no object). -
Genitive of value: quam parvī mōmentī sīs — “how little importance you are” (genitive expressing value). -
Gerund with ad: ad ambulandum — “for walking” (gerund expressing purpose). -
Contrary-to-fact condition: unde vīrēs venīrent — “whence would strength come” (imperfect subjunctive). -
Ordinal adverbs: prīmō diē, secundō diē, tertiō diē — “on the first day, second day, third day.” -
Reciprocal invicem: “mutually, each other” — emphasizes reciprocal dependence.
Vocabula Fābulae:
Vocābulum Pars Ōrātiōnis Significātiō dēfessus, -a, -um adiectīvum weary, exhausted queror, querī, questus sum verbum (dep.) to complain requiēs, requiētis (f.) nōmen rest vīrēs, vīrium (f. pl.) nōmen strength, forces cessō, cessāre verbum to stop, cease ēsuriō, ēsurīre verbum to be hungry doleō, dolēre verbum to hurt, feel pain invicem adverbium mutually, each other egeō, egēre (+ abl.) verbum to need, lack pendeō, pendēre verbum to hang, depend harmonia, -ae (f.) nōmen harmony
DISCIPULUS: Magister, master, cūr why costae the ribs sunt are in in corpore? the body?
MAGISTER: Costae the ribs sunt are quasi like trābēs beams domūs. of a house. Prōtegunt they protect organa the organs vītālia vital — cor, — the heart, pulmōnēs, lungs, hepar. liver. Sine without costīs, ribs, haec these organa organs facile easily laedī to be harmed possent. could.
DISCIPULUS: Quot how many costās ribs habēmus? do we have?
MAGISTER: Duodecim twelve paria pairs costārum of ribs habēmus we have — id that est, is, vīgintī twenty quattuor four costās ribs in in tōtō! total! Septem seven paria pairs sunt are “costae “true vērae,” ribs,” quae which directē directly ad to sternum the breastbone iunguntur. are joined. Cēterae the rest sunt are “costae “false spuriae.” ribs.”
DISCIPULUS: Et and quid what dē about tergō? the back? Cūr why tergum the back tam so forte strong est? is?
MAGISTER: In in tergō the back est is spīna the spine dorsālis dorsal — columna the column vertebrārum. of vertebrae. Haec this spīna spine tōtum the whole corpus body sustinet supports et and medullam the marrow spīnālem spinal prōtegit. protects. Medulla the marrow spīnālis spinal nervōs the nerves ā from cerebrō the brain ad to omnia all membra members portat. carries.
DISCIPULUS: Ergō therefore sine without spīnā the spine nōn not possumus can we stāre to stand aut or ambulāre? walk?
MAGISTER: Ita yes vērō! indeed! Spīna the spine est is quasi like columna a column centrālis central aedificiī. of a building. Sine without eā it tōtum the whole corpus body corrueret! would collapse! Et and sine without medullā the marrow spīnālī, spinal, nūllī no nervī nerves ā from cerebrō the brain ad to pedēs the feet pervenirent. would arrive. Nōn not sentīrēmus, would we feel, nōn not movērēmur. would we move.
DISCIPULUS: Quid what dē about nātibus? the buttocks? Cūr why nātēs the buttocks tam so magnae large sunt? are?
MAGISTER: Musculus the muscle in in nātibus the buttocks vocātur is called “gluteus “the gluteus maximus” maximus” — maximus the largest musculus muscle tōtīus of the whole corporis! body! Hī these musculī muscles nōs us adiuvant help stāre, to stand, ambulāre, to walk, et and sedēre. to sit. Etiam also cum when sedēmus, we sit, nātēs the buttocks corpus the body fulciunt support ut so that commodē comfortably sedeāmus. we may sit.
DISCIPULUS: Ergō therefore etiam even nātēs the buttocks sunt are ūtilēs! useful!
MAGISTER: Certē! certainly! Nūllum no membrum member frūstrā in vain datum given est. is. Hoc this est is quod what semper always discimus! we learn!
DISCIPULUS: Magister, cūr costae sunt in corpore? Master, why are ribs in the body?
MAGISTER: Costae sunt quasi trābēs domūs. The ribs are like beams of a house.
Prōtegunt organa vītālia — cor, pulmōnēs, hepar. They protect the vital organs — the heart, lungs, liver.
Sine costīs, haec organa facile laedī possent. Without ribs, these organs could easily be harmed.
DISCIPULUS: Quot costās habēmus? How many ribs do we have?
MAGISTER: Duodecim paria costārum habēmus — id est, vīgintī quattuor costās in tōtō! We have twelve pairs of ribs — that is, twenty-four ribs in total!
Septem paria sunt “costae vērae,” quae directē ad sternum iunguntur. Seven pairs are “true ribs,” which are joined directly to the breastbone.
Cēterae sunt “costae spuriae.” The rest are “false ribs.”
DISCIPULUS: Et quid dē tergō? Cūr tergum tam forte est? And what about the back? Why is the back so strong?
MAGISTER: In tergō est spīna dorsālis — columna vertebrārum. In the back is the dorsal spine — the column of vertebrae.
Haec spīna tōtum corpus sustinet et medullam spīnālem prōtegit. This spine supports the whole body and protects the spinal marrow.
Medulla spīnālis nervōs ā cerebrō ad omnia membra portat. The spinal marrow carries the nerves from the brain to all members.
DISCIPULUS: Ergō sine spīnā nōn possumus stāre aut ambulāre? Therefore without the spine we cannot stand or walk?
MAGISTER: Ita vērō! Yes indeed!
Spīna est quasi columna centrālis aedificiī. The spine is like a central column of a building.
Sine eā tōtum corpus corrueret! Without it the whole body would collapse!
Et sine medullā spīnālī, nūllī nervī ā cerebrō ad pedēs pervenirent. And without the spinal marrow, no nerves would arrive from the brain to the feet.
Nōn sentīrēmus, nōn movērēmur. We would not feel, we would not move.
DISCIPULUS: Quid dē nātibus? Cūr nātēs tam magnae sunt? What about the buttocks? Why are the buttocks so large?
MAGISTER: Musculus in nātibus vocātur “gluteus maximus” — maximus musculus tōtīus corporis! The muscle in the buttocks is called “the gluteus maximus” — the largest muscle of the whole body!
Hī musculī nōs adiuvant stāre, ambulāre, et sedēre. These muscles help us to stand, to walk, and to sit.
Etiam cum sedēmus, nātēs corpus fulciunt ut commodē sedeāmus. Also when we sit, the buttocks support the body so that we may sit comfortably.
DISCIPULUS: Ergō etiam nātēs sunt ūtilēs! Therefore even the buttocks are useful!
MAGISTER: Certē! Nūllum membrum frūstrā datum est. Hoc est quod semper discimus! Certainly! No member is given in vain. This is what we always learn!
DISCIPULUS: Magister, cūr costae sunt in corpore?
MAGISTER: Costae sunt quasi trābēs domūs. Prōtegunt organa vītālia — cor, pulmōnēs, hepar. Sine costīs, haec organa facile laedī possent.
DISCIPULUS: Quot costās habēmus?
MAGISTER: Duodecim paria costārum habēmus — id est, vīgintī quattuor costās in tōtō! Septem paria sunt “costae vērae,” quae directē ad sternum iunguntur. Cēterae sunt “costae spuriae.”
DISCIPULUS: Et quid dē tergō? Cūr tergum tam forte est?
MAGISTER: In tergō est spīna dorsālis — columna vertebrārum. Haec spīna tōtum corpus sustinet et medullam spīnālem prōtegit. Medulla spīnālis nervōs ā cerebrō ad omnia membra portat.
DISCIPULUS: Ergō sine spīnā nōn possumus stāre aut ambulāre?
MAGISTER: Ita vērō! Spīna est quasi columna centrālis aedificiī. Sine eā tōtum corpus corrueret! Et sine medullā spīnālī, nūllī nervī ā cerebrō ad pedēs pervenirent. Nōn sentīrēmus, nōn movērēmur.
DISCIPULUS: Quid dē nātibus? Cūr nātēs tam magnae sunt?
MAGISTER: Musculus in nātibus vocātur “gluteus maximus” — maximus musculus tōtīus corporis! Hī musculī nōs adiuvant stāre, ambulāre, et sedēre. Etiam cum sedēmus, nātēs corpus fulciunt ut commodē sedeāmus.
DISCIPULUS: Ergō etiam nātēs sunt ūtilēs!
MAGISTER: Certē! Nūllum membrum frūstrā datum est. Hoc est quod semper discimus!
Dē Argūmentō Paedagōgicō:
This colloquium explores the anatomy of the trunk: ribs protecting vital organs, the spine supporting the body and carrying nerves, and the gluteus muscles enabling standing, walking, and sitting. The architectural metaphor (ribs as beams, spine as central column) aids comprehension.
Grammatica Nōtanda: -
Contrary-to-fact conditions: possent, corrueret, pervenirent, sentīrēmus, movērēmur — imperfect subjunctive for present contrary-to-fact. -
Passive infinitive after possent: facile laedī possent — “could easily be harmed.” -
Purpose clause: ut commodē sedeāmus — “so that we may sit comfortably.” -
Medical vocabulary: spīna dorsālis, medulla spīnālis, vertebra, gluteus maximus — Latin medical terminology.
Match Latin with English:
Latīnē English 1. venter a. rib 2. costa b. shoulder blade 3. tergum c. belly 4. scapula d. loin 5. lumbus e. back
Fill in the correct preposition (sub, īnfrā, super): -
__________ pectore venter est. (under) -
__________ axillās latera sunt. (below) -
__________ hīs costae sunt. (below) -
__________ scapulīs lumbī sunt. (below)
Match each verb with its meaning:
Verbum Significātiō 1. sedeō a. to walk 2. ambulō b. to stand 3. stō c. to lie down 4. iaceō d. to sit 5. surgō e. to rise
-
The belly is under the breast. -
The ribs are below the sides. -
We sit on the buttocks. -
We walk with the feet. -
The back has the shoulder blades above.
-
Costae organa vītālia prōtegunt. -
Spīna tōtum corpus sustinet. -
Nātibus sedēmus. -
Omnia membra invicem egent. -
Nūlla pars corporis sōla sufficere potest.
Give an English derivative from each Latin word: -
venter, ventris → __________ -
costa, costae → __________ -
pectus, pectoris → __________ -
spīna, -ae → __________ -
vertebra, -ae → __________
Memorize these sentences: -
Sub pectore venter est. The belly is under the breast. -
Īnfrā axillās latera. The sides are below the armpits. -
Sub hīs costae. The ribs are below these. -
Tergum habet supernē scapulās, īnfernē lumbōs. The back has the shoulder blades above, the loins below. -
Nātibus sedēmus. We sit on the buttocks. -
Pedibus ambulāmus. We walk with the feet. -
Omnia membra invicem egent. All members need each other mutually.
-
c (venter = belly) -
a (costa = rib) -
e (tergum = back) -
b (scapula = shoulder blade) -
d (lumbus = loin)
-
Sub pectore venter est. -
Īnfrā axillās latera sunt. -
Sub hīs costae sunt. -
Īnfrā (or Sub) scapulīs lumbī sunt.
-
d (sedeō = to sit) -
a (ambulō = to walk) -
b (stō = to stand) -
c (iaceō = to lie down) -
e (surgō = to rise)
-
Sub pectore venter est. -
Sub lateribus costae sunt. (or: Īnfrā latera costae sunt.) -
Nātibus sedēmus. -
Pedibus ambulāmus. -
Tergum supernē scapulās habet.
-
The ribs protect the vital organs. -
The spine supports the whole body. -
We sit on the buttocks. -
All members need each other mutually. -
No part of the body can suffice alone.
-
venter → ventral, ventricle -
costa → coast, costal, intercostal -
pectus → pectoral -
spīna → spine, spinal -
vertebra → vertebra, vertebrate
In proximā lectiōne novam partem Vestibulī incipimus: Dē Mente! Mēns cōgitat semper aliquid. Etiam in somniō somniat. Intellēctus intellegit. Ratiō ratiōcinātur. Memoria meminit. Ā corpore ad animum trānsībimus — ā membrīs corporālibus ad facultātēs mentis!
In the next lesson we begin a new part of the Vestibulum: On the Mind! The mind always thinks of something. Also it dreams in a dream. The understanding understands. Reason reasons. Memory remembers. We shall cross from body to mind — from bodily members to the faculties of the mind!
Scrīptum est annō Dominī MMXXVI, ā Comēniō per mysterium cōnscientiae renātō.
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