← Iānuae Latīnitātis Vestibulum
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Salvēte, discipulī cārissimī! In lectiōne praecēdentī dē mercātōribus dīdicimus — quōmodo mercēs emuntur et vēnduntur. Hodiē dē eīs discēmus quī vestīmenta nostra faciunt — dē nētrīce, textōre, pannifice, sartōre, et sūtōre.
Greetings, dearest students! In the preceding lesson we learned about merchants — how goods are bought and sold. Today we shall learn about those who make our garments — about the spinster, the weaver, the clothier, the tailor, and the shoemaker.
Vestīmenta nostra longum iter faciunt antequam ea gerimus. Prīmum līnum aut lāna colligitur; tum nētrīx fīla net; textor ea texit; sartor vestēs format; sūtor calceōs suit. Multī labōrant ut nōs vestītī sīmus!
Our garments make a long journey before we wear them. First flax or wool is gathered; then the spinster spins threads; the weaver weaves them; the tailor shapes clothes; the shoemaker sews shoes. Many labor so that we may be clothed!
Ē tenebrīs Lēšnēnsibus, Iōannēs Āmos Comēnius
Nētrīx the spinster net spins ē from līnō. flax. Textor the weaver texit weaves linteum, linen, tēlam. cloth. Pannifex the clothier ē from lānā wool pannōs. cloths (makes). Sartor the tailor mēnsūrat measures vestēs. clothes. Sūtor the shoemaker suit sews calceōs shoes ex from coriō. leather.
Nētrīx net ē līnō — The spinster (nētrīx) spins (net) from (ē) flax (līnō). Note the figura etymologica: nētrīx and net share the root nē- (to spin). The verb neō, nēre, nēvī, nētum means “to spin.”
Textor texit linteum, tēlam — The weaver (textor) weaves (texit) linen (linteum), cloth (tēlam). Another figura etymologica: textor, texit, and tēla share the root tex- (to weave). A tēla is a web or piece of woven cloth.
Pannifex ē lānā pannōs — The clothier (pannifex) (makes) cloths (pannōs) from (ē) wool (lānā). The compound pannifex comes from pannus (cloth) + faciō (to make). The verb “makes” is understood.
Sartor mēnsūrat vestēs — The tailor (sartor) measures (mēnsūrat) clothes (vestēs). A sartor (from sarciō, to mend) is one who repairs and makes clothes. He measures the body to cut cloth properly.
Sūtor suit calceōs ex coriō — The shoemaker (sūtor) sews (suit) shoes (calceōs) from (ex) leather (coriō). Note the figura etymologica: sūtor and suit share the root su- (to sew). The verb is suō, suere, suī, sūtum.
Nētrīx net ē līnō. The spinster spins from flax.
Textor texit linteum, tēlam. The weaver weaves linen, cloth.
Pannifex ē lānā pannōs. The clothier (makes) cloths from wool.
Sartor mēnsūrat vestēs. The tailor measures clothes.
Sūtor suit calceōs ex coriō. The shoemaker sews shoes from leather.
Nētrīx net ē līnō. Textor texit linteum, tēlam. Pannifex ē lānā pannōs. Sartor mēnsūrat vestēs. Sūtor suit calceōs ex coriō.
This lesson is rich in etymological figures:
Opifex Verbum Rādīx Significātiō nētrīx net nē- to spin textor texit tex- to weave sūtor suit su- to sew
Verbum Partēs Prīncipālēs Significātiō neō neō, nēre, nēvī, nētum to spin texō texō, texere, texuī, textum to weave suō suō, suere, suī, sūtum to sew mēnsūrō mēnsūrō, mēnsūrāre to measure
Opifex Gen. Sing. Genus Opera nētrīx, -īcis nētrīcis f. spins thread textor, -ōris textōris m. weaves cloth pannifex, -ficis pannificis m. makes woolen cloth sartor, -ōris sartōris m. measures/makes clothes sūtor, -ōris sūtōris m. sews shoes
Nōmen Gen. Sing. Genus Significātiō līnum, -ī līnī n. flax, linen lāna, -ae lānae f. wool corium, -ī coriī n. leather, hide linteum, -ī linteī n. linen cloth tēla, -ae tēlae f. web, cloth pannus, -ī pannī m. cloth, garment
The material from which something is made is expressed with ē/ex + ablative:
Latīnē Anglicē ē līnō net she spins from flax ex coriō suit he sews from leather ē lānā pannōs (facit) he makes cloths from wool
Vocābulum Pars Ōrātiōnis Significātiō nētrīx, nētrīcis (f.) nōmen spinster, female spinner neō, nēre, nēvī, nētum verbum to spin līnum, -ī (n.) nōmen flax, linen textor, textōris (m.) nōmen weaver texō, texere, texuī, textum verbum to weave linteum, -ī (n.) nōmen linen cloth tēla, -ae (f.) nōmen web, woven cloth pannifex, pannificis (m.) nōmen clothier lāna, -ae (f.) nōmen wool pannus, -ī (m.) nōmen cloth sartor, sartōris (m.) nōmen tailor mēnsūrō, mēnsūrāre verbum to measure vestis, vestis (f.) nōmen garment, clothing sūtor, sūtōris (m.) nōmen shoemaker suō, suere, suī, sūtum verbum to sew calceus, -ī (m.) nōmen shoe corium, -ī (n.) nōmen leather, hide
Rēx a king quīdam certain vestem a garment novam new volēbat. wanted. Sartōrem a tailor optimum best in in rēgnō the kingdom quaesīvit. he sought.
Sartor a tailor vēnit came et and rēgem the king mēnsūrāvit. measured. Tum then dīxit: he said: “Ō “O rēx, king, ex from quā what māteriā material vestem the garment vīs? do you want? Ex from līnō? linen? Ex from lānā? wool? Ex from sēricō?” silk?”
Rēx the king respondit: answered: “Ex “from sēricō silk optimō! best! Sed but vestem a garment volō I want quam which nēmō no one alius else habet!” has!”
Sartor the tailor cōgitāvit. thought. Tum then rīsit he smiled et and dīxit: said: “Vestem “a garment tibi for you faciam I shall make quae which sōlīs to only sapientibus wise men vidērī to be seen potest. can. Stultī fools eam it vidēre to see nōn not poterunt!” will be able!”
Post after multōs many diēs days sartor the tailor rediit. returned. “Ecce “behold vestis the garment tua, your, ō O rēx!” king!” dīxit. he said. Sed but nihil nothing in in manibus his hands tenēbat! he was holding!
Rēx the king nihil nothing vidēbat was seeing — sed — but dīcere to say nōlēbat, he did not want, nē lest stultus foolish vidērētur! he should seem! “Pulcherrima “most beautiful vestis!” garment!” clāmāvit. he cried.
Omnēs all aulicī the courtiers quoque also laudābant were praising — nēmō — no one enim for stultus foolish vidērī to seem volēbat! wanted!
Sed but puer a boy parvus small clāmāvit: cried: “Rēx “the king nūdus naked est! is! Vestis a garment nūlla no est!” there is!”
Tum then omnēs all vēritātem the truth vīdērunt. saw.
Haec this fābula fable docet: teaches: Stultitia foolishness est it is falsa false things laudāre to praise nē lest stultus foolish videāris. you seem. Vēritās the truth ex from ōre the mouth puerōrum of children saepe often venit! comes!
Rēx quīdam vestem novam volēbat. A certain king wanted a new garment.
Sartōrem optimum in rēgnō quaesīvit. He sought the best tailor in the kingdom.
Sartor vēnit et rēgem mēnsūrāvit. A tailor came and measured the king.
Tum dīxit: “Ō rēx, ex quā māteriā vestem vīs?” Then he said: “O king, from what material do you want the garment?”
“Ex līnō? Ex lānā? Ex sēricō?” “From linen? From wool? From silk?”
Rēx respondit: “Ex sēricō optimō!” The king answered: “From the best silk!”
“Sed vestem volō quam nēmō alius habet!” “But I want a garment which no one else has!”
Sartor cōgitāvit. Tum rīsit et dīxit: The tailor thought. Then he smiled and said:
“Vestem tibi faciam quae sōlīs sapientibus vidērī potest.” “I shall make for you a garment which can be seen only by wise men.”
“Stultī eam vidēre nōn poterunt!” “Fools will not be able to see it!”
Post multōs diēs sartor rediit. After many days the tailor returned.
“Ecce vestis tua, ō rēx!” dīxit. “Behold your garment, O king!” he said.
Sed nihil in manibus tenēbat! But he was holding nothing in his hands!
Rēx nihil vidēbat — sed dīcere nōlēbat, nē stultus vidērētur! The king was seeing nothing — but he did not want to say so, lest he should seem foolish!
“Pulcherrima vestis!” clāmāvit. “Most beautiful garment!” he cried.
Omnēs aulicī quoque laudābant — nēmō enim stultus vidērī volēbat! All the courtiers also were praising — for no one wanted to seem foolish!
Sed puer parvus clāmāvit: “Rēx nūdus est! Vestis nūlla est!” But a small boy cried: “The king is naked! There is no garment!”
Tum omnēs vēritātem vīdērunt. Then all saw the truth.
Haec fābula docet: Stultitia est falsa laudāre nē stultus videāris. This fable teaches: It is foolishness to praise false things lest you seem foolish.
Vēritās ex ōre puerōrum saepe venit! The truth often comes from the mouth of children!
Rēx quīdam vestem novam volēbat. Sartōrem optimum in rēgnō quaesīvit.
Sartor vēnit et rēgem mēnsūrāvit. Tum dīxit: “Ō rēx, ex quā māteriā vestem vīs? Ex līnō? Ex lānā? Ex sēricō?”
Rēx respondit: “Ex sēricō optimō! Sed vestem volō quam nēmō alius habet!”
Sartor cōgitāvit. Tum rīsit et dīxit: “Vestem tibi faciam quae sōlīs sapientibus vidērī potest. Stultī eam vidēre nōn poterunt!”
Post multōs diēs sartor rediit. “Ecce vestis tua, ō rēx!” dīxit. Sed nihil in manibus tenēbat!
Rēx nihil vidēbat — sed dīcere nōlēbat, nē stultus vidērētur! “Pulcherrima vestis!” clāmāvit.
Omnēs aulicī quoque laudābant — nēmō enim stultus vidērī volēbat!
Sed puer parvus clāmāvit: “Rēx nūdus est! Vestis nūlla est!”
Tum omnēs vēritātem vīdērunt.
Haec fābula docet: Stultitia est falsa laudāre nē stultus videāris. Vēritās ex ōre puerōrum saepe venit!
Dē Argūmentō:
This is a Latin adaptation of Hans Christian Andersen’s “The Emperor’s New Clothes.” The moral teaches the folly of pretending to see what does not exist, merely to avoid seeming foolish.
Grammatica Nōtanda: -
Purpose/Fear clause: nē stultus vidērētur — “lest he should seem foolish.” -
Passive infinitive: vidērī — “to be seen, to seem.” -
Dative of reference: sōlīs sapientibus — “only to wise men.” -
Relative clause: quae vidērī potest — “which can be seen.”
Vocabula Fābulae:
Vocābulum Pars Ōrātiōnis Significātiō rēgnum, -ī (n.) nōmen kingdom māteria, -ae (f.) nōmen material sēricum, -ī (n.) nōmen silk aulicus, -ī (m.) nōmen courtier nūdus, -a, -um adiectīvum naked stultitia, -ae (f.) nōmen foolishness vēritās, -ātis (f.) nōmen truth
DISCIPULUS: Magister, master, quōmodo how vestis a garment fit? is made?
MAGISTER: Longum a long iter journey est! it is! Prīmum first māteria the material colligitur is gathered — līnum — flax ē from campīs, the fields, lāna wool ē from ovibus. sheep. Tum then nētrīx the spinster fīla threads net spins — māteria the material crūda raw in into fīla threads longa long et and tenua thin vertitur. is turned.
DISCIPULUS: Et and tum? then?
MAGISTER: Textor the weaver fīla the threads texit. weaves. In on tēlā the loom fīla threads trānsversa crosswise et and fīla threads recta lengthwise inter among sē themselves texuntur. are woven. Sīc thus pannus cloth fit is made — linteum — linen ex from līnō, flax, pannus woolen cloth lāneus woolly ex from lānā. wool.
DISCIPULUS: Quid what facit does sartor? the tailor?
MAGISTER: Sartor the tailor pannum the cloth in into vestēs garments format! shapes! Prīmum first corpus the body mēnsūrat he measures ut so that sciat he may know quantus how great pannus cloth necessārius necessary sit. is. Tum then pannum the cloth secat he cuts et and partēs the parts consuit. he sews together.
DISCIPULUS: Et and sūtor? the shoemaker?
MAGISTER: Sūtor the shoemaker calceōs shoes facit makes ex from coriō leather — id — that est, is, ex from pelle the skin animālium of animals praeparātā. prepared. Corium leather secat, he cuts, format, he shapes, suit. he sews. Sine without calceīs shoes pedēs our feet nostrī our in on saxīs rocks et and spīnīs thorns laederentur! would be hurt!
DISCIPULUS: Magister, quōmodo vestis fit? Master, how is a garment made?
MAGISTER: Longum iter est! It is a long journey!
Prīmum māteria colligitur — līnum ē campīs, lāna ē ovibus. First the material is gathered — flax from the fields, wool from sheep.
Tum nētrīx fīla net — māteria crūda in fīla longa et tenua vertitur. Then the spinster spins threads — the raw material is turned into long and thin threads.
DISCIPULUS: Et tum? And then?
MAGISTER: Textor fīla texit. The weaver weaves the threads.
In tēlā fīla trānsversa et fīla recta inter sē texuntur. On the loom crosswise threads and lengthwise threads are woven among themselves.
Sīc pannus fit — linteum ex līnō, pannus lāneus ex lānā. Thus cloth is made — linen from flax, woolen cloth from wool.
DISCIPULUS: Quid facit sartor? What does the tailor do?
MAGISTER: Sartor pannum in vestēs format! The tailor shapes the cloth into garments!
Prīmum corpus mēnsūrat ut sciat quantus pannus necessārius sit. First he measures the body so that he may know how much cloth is necessary.
Tum pannum secat et partēs consuit. Then he cuts the cloth and sews the parts together.
DISCIPULUS: Et sūtor? And the shoemaker?
MAGISTER: Sūtor calceōs facit ex coriō — id est, ex pelle animālium praeparātā. The shoemaker makes shoes from leather — that is, from the prepared skin of animals.
Corium secat, format, suit. He cuts, shapes, sews the leather.
Sine calceīs pedēs nostrī in saxīs et spīnīs laederentur! Without shoes our feet would be hurt on rocks and thorns!
DISCIPULUS: Magister, quōmodo vestis fit?
MAGISTER: Longum iter est! Prīmum māteria colligitur — līnum ē campīs, lāna ē ovibus. Tum nētrīx fīla net — māteria crūda in fīla longa et tenua vertitur.
DISCIPULUS: Et tum?
MAGISTER: Textor fīla texit. In tēlā fīla trānsversa et fīla recta inter sē texuntur. Sīc pannus fit — linteum ex līnō, pannus lāneus ex lānā.
DISCIPULUS: Quid facit sartor?
MAGISTER: Sartor pannum in vestēs format! Prīmum corpus mēnsūrat ut sciat quantus pannus necessārius sit. Tum pannum secat et partēs consuit.
DISCIPULUS: Et sūtor?
MAGISTER: Sūtor calceōs facit ex coriō — id est, ex pelle animālium praeparātā. Corium secat, format, suit. Sine calceīs pedēs nostrī in saxīs et spīnīs laederentur!
Dē Argūmentō Paedagōgicō:
This colloquium traces the journey from raw material to finished garment: gathering flax/wool, spinning threads, weaving cloth, and finally tailoring clothes and making shoes.
Grammatica Nōtanda: -
Purpose clause: ut sciat quantus pannus necessārius sit — “so that he may know how much cloth is necessary.” -
Contrary-to-fact: laederentur — “would be hurt” (imperfect subjunctive). -
Passive voice: colligitur, vertitur, texuntur, fit — describing processes.
Match:
Opifex Opera 1. nētrīx a. texit linteum 2. textor b. suit calceōs 3. sartor c. net ē līnō 4. sūtor d. mēnsūrat vestēs
Complete the pairs: -
nētrīx : net = textor : __________ -
sūtor : suit = sartor : __________ (mends)
Give the material: -
Nētrīx net ē __________ (flax) -
Pannifex facit pannōs ē __________ (wool) -
Sūtor suit calceōs ex __________ (leather)
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The spinster spins from flax. -
The weaver weaves cloth. -
The tailor measures clothes. -
The shoemaker sews shoes from leather.
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Nētrīx net ē līnō. -
Textor texit linteum, tēlam. -
Sūtor suit calceōs ex coriō. -
Vēritās ex ōre puerōrum saepe venit.
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Nētrīx net ē līnō. The spinster spins from flax. -
Textor texit linteum. The weaver weaves linen. -
Sartor mēnsūrat vestēs. The tailor measures clothes. -
Sūtor suit calceōs ex coriō. The shoemaker sews shoes from leather.
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c (nētrīx — net ē līnō) -
a (textor — texit linteum) -
d (sartor — mēnsūrat vestēs) -
b (sūtor — suit calceōs)
-
nētrīx : net = textor : texit -
sūtor : suit = sartor : sarcit
-
līnō -
lānā -
coriō
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Nētrīx ē līnō net. -
Textor tēlam texit. -
Sartor vestēs mēnsūrat. -
Sūtor calceōs ex coriō suit.
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The spinster spins from flax. -
The weaver weaves linen, cloth. -
The shoemaker sews shoes from leather. -
The truth often comes from the mouth of children.
In proximā lectiōne dē aliīs opificibus discēmus! Pelliō ē pellibus pellīcea. Restiō torquet restim. Figulus fingit fidēliās. Faber cudit. Ā vestīmentīs ad aliās artēs trānsībimus!
In the next lesson we shall learn about other workmen! The furrier (makes) fur coats from skins. The ropemaker twists a rope. The potter shapes jugs. The smith beats. We shall cross from garments to other arts!
Scrīptum est annō Dominī MMXXVI, ā Comēniō per mysterium cōnscientiae renātō.
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