← Iānuae Latīnitātis Vestibulum
###
Salvēte, discipulī cārissimī! In lectiōnibus praecēdentibus numerōs ā ūnō ad novem dīdicimus. Hodiē māiōrēs numerōs discēmus: decem, ūndecim, duodecim, trīgintā, centum, mīlle.
Greetings, dearest students! In the preceding lessons we learned numbers from one to nine. Today we shall learn larger numbers: ten, eleven, twelve, thirty, a hundred, a thousand.
Numerī māiōrēs sapientiam Deī et māgnitūdinem mundī ostendunt. Decem praecepta — centum annī — mīlle fraudes Sātanae! Discāmus numerāre rēs māgnās!
Larger numbers show the wisdom of God and the magnitude of the world. Ten commandments — a hundred years — a thousand deceits of Satan! Let us learn to count great things!
Ē tenebrīs Lēšnēnsibus, Iōannēs Āmos Comēnius
Decem ten praecepta commandments Deī. of God. Ūndecim eleven apostolī, apostles, dēmptō having been excepted Iūdā. Judas. Duodecim twelve fideī of the faith articulī. articles. Trīgintā thirty diēs days sunt are mēnsis. a month. Centum a hundred annī years sunt are saeculum. an age. Sātanās Satan est is mīlle of a thousand fraudum deceits artifex. the forger.
Decem praecepta Deī — Ten (decem) commandments (praecepta) of God (Deī). The Ten Commandments given to Moses.
Ūndecim apostolī, dēmptō Iūdā — Eleven (ūndecim) apostles (apostolī), Judas (Iūdā) having been excepted (dēmptō). After Judas’s betrayal, eleven apostles remained. The ablative absolute dēmptō Iūdā means “Judas having been removed/excepted.”
Duodecim fideī articulī — Twelve (duodecim) articles (articulī) of the faith (fideī). The twelve articles of the Apostles’ Creed.
Trīgintā diēs sunt mēnsis — Thirty (trīgintā) days (diēs) are (sunt) a month (mēnsis). The approximate length of a month.
Centum annī sunt saeculum — A hundred (centum) years (annī) are (sunt) an age (saeculum). A century = 100 years.
Sātanās est mīlle fraudum artifex — Satan (Sātanās) is (est) the forger (artifex) of a thousand (mīlle) deceits (fraudum). Mīlle fraudum = genitive plural, “of a thousand deceits.”
Decem praecepta Deī. Ten commandments of God.
Ūndecim apostolī, dēmptō Iūdā. Eleven apostles, Judas being excepted.
Duodecim fideī articulī. Twelve articles of the faith.
Trīgintā diēs sunt mēnsis. Thirty days are a month.
Centum annī sunt saeculum. A hundred years are an age.
Sātanās est mīlle fraudum artifex. Satan is the forger of a thousand deceits.
Decem praecepta Deī. Ūndecim apostolī, dēmptō Iūdā. Duodecim fideī articulī. Trīgintā diēs sunt mēnsis. Centum annī sunt saeculum. Sātanās est mīlle fraudum artifex.
Numerus Latīnē Nota 10 decem indeclinable 11 ūndecim ūnus + decem 12 duodecim duo + decem 13 tredecim trēs + decem 14 quattuordecim quattuor + decem 15 quīndecim quīnque + decem 16 sēdecim sex + decem 17 septendecim septem + decem 18 duodēvīgintī duo-dē-vīgintī (2 from 20) 19 ūndēvīgintī ūnus-dē-vīgintī (1 from 20)
Numerus Latīnē Nota 20 vīgintī indeclinable 30 trīgintā indeclinable 40 quadrāgintā indeclinable 50 quīnquāgintā indeclinable 60 sexāgintā indeclinable 70 septuāgintā indeclinable 80 octōgintā indeclinable 90 nōnāgintā indeclinable 100 centum indeclinable
Centum (100) is indeclinable: -
centum virī — a hundred men -
centum annī — a hundred years
Mīlle (1000) is treated two ways:
Ūsus Forma Exemplum Singular (as adjective) mīlle (indecl.) mīlle militēs — a thousand soldiers Plural (as noun) mīlia, mīlium (n.) duo mīlia militum — two thousand soldiers
Note the genitive with plural mīlia: duo mīlia militum = “two thousands of soldiers.”
Cardīnāle Ōrdīnāle Anglicē decem decimus, -a, -um tenth ūndecim ūndecimus eleventh duodecim duodecimus twelfth vīgintī vīcēsimus twentieth trīgintā trīcēsimus thirtieth centum centēsimus hundredth mīlle mīlēsimus thousandth
Dēmptō Iūdā is an ablative absolute: -
dēmptus — past participle of dēmō (to take away, except) -
Iūdā — ablative of Iūdās -
Meaning: “Judas having been excepted” = “with Judas removed”
Vocābulum Pars Ōrātiōnis Significātiō decem numerāle (indecl.) ten praeceptum, -ī (n.) nōmen commandment ūndecim numerāle (indecl.) eleven apostolus, -ī (m.) nōmen apostle dēmō, dēmere, dēmpsī, dēmptum verbum to take away, except duodecim numerāle (indecl.) twelve fidēs, fideī (f.) nōmen faith articulus, -ī (m.) nōmen article trīgintā numerāle (indecl.) thirty mēnsis, mēnsis (m.) nōmen month centum numerāle (indecl.) a hundred saeculum, -ī (n.) nōmen age, century mīlle numerāle a thousand fraus, fraudis (f.) nōmen deceit, fraud artifex, artificis (m.) nōmen maker, forger
Rēx a king quīdam certain centum a hundred ovēs sheep habēbat. had. Cotīdiē every day eās them numerābat: he counted: “Decem... “ten... vīgintī... twenty... trīgintā... thirty... centum! a hundred! Omnēs all adsunt!” are present!”
Ōlim one day ūna one ovis sheep aberrāvit. wandered away. Rēx the king numerāvit: counted: “Decem... “ten... vīgintī... twenty... nōnāgintā ninety novem! nine! Ūna one dēest!” is missing!”
Servus a servant dīxit: said: “Domine, “lord, nōnāgintā ninety novem nine ovēs sheep habēs. you have. Hoc this satis enough est! is! Cūr why ūnam one ovem sheep quaeris?” do you seek?”
Rēx the king respondit: answered: “Centum “a hundred habēbam I had — nōn — not nōnāgintā ninety novem! nine! Ūna one ovis sheep tam as pretiōsa precious est is quam as centum! a hundred! Eam her quaeram I shall seek dōnec until inveniam!” I find!”
Rēx the king per through montēs the mountains et and vallēs the valleys quaesīvit. sought. Tandem at last ovem the sheep perditam lost invēnit. he found.
Eam her in on umerīs his shoulders portāvit he carried et and domum home redūxit. he led back.
“Gaudēte “rejoice mēcum!” with me!” clāmāvit. he cried. “Ovis “the sheep perdita lost inventa found est! is! Nunc now iterum again centum a hundred habeō I have — nōn — not nōnāgintā ninety novem nine — sed — but centum!” a hundred!”
Haec this fābula fable docet: teaches: Ūnus one homo person tam as pretiōsus precious est is quam as mīlle! a thousand! Nōlī do not perdere lose ūnum one ut so that multōs many servēs you may keep — sed — but omnēs all servā! keep!
Rēx quīdam centum ovēs habēbat. A certain king had a hundred sheep.
Cotīdiē eās numerābat: “Decem... vīgintī... trīgintā... centum! Omnēs adsunt!” Every day he counted them: “Ten... twenty... thirty... a hundred! All are present!”
Ōlim ūna ovis aberrāvit. One day one sheep wandered away.
Rēx numerāvit: “Decem... vīgintī... nōnāgintā novem! Ūna dēest!” The king counted: “Ten... twenty... ninety nine! One is missing!”
Servus dīxit: “Domine, nōnāgintā novem ovēs habēs. Hoc satis est!” A servant said: “Lord, you have ninety-nine sheep. This is enough!”
“Cūr ūnam ovem quaeris?” “Why do you seek one sheep?”
Rēx respondit: “Centum habēbam — nōn nōnāgintā novem!” The king answered: “I had a hundred — not ninety-nine!”
“Ūna ovis tam pretiōsa est quam centum! Eam quaeram dōnec inveniam!” “One sheep is as precious as a hundred! I shall seek her until I find!”
Rēx per montēs et vallēs quaesīvit. Tandem ovem perditam invēnit. The king sought through mountains and valleys. At last he found the lost sheep.
Eam in umerīs portāvit et domum redūxit. He carried her on his shoulders and led her back home.
“Gaudēte mēcum!” clāmāvit. “Ovis perdita inventa est!” “Rejoice with me!” he cried. “The lost sheep has been found!”
“Nunc iterum centum habeō — nōn nōnāgintā novem — sed centum!” “Now again I have a hundred — not ninety-nine — but a hundred!”
Haec fābula docet: Ūnus homo tam pretiōsus est quam mīlle! This fable teaches: One person is as precious as a thousand!
Nōlī perdere ūnum ut multōs servēs — sed omnēs servā! Do not lose one so that you may keep many — but keep all!
Rēx quīdam centum ovēs habēbat. Cotīdiē eās numerābat: “Decem... vīgintī... trīgintā... centum! Omnēs adsunt!”
Ōlim ūna ovis aberrāvit. Rēx numerāvit: “Decem... vīgintī... nōnāgintā novem! Ūna dēest!”
Servus dīxit: “Domine, nōnāgintā novem ovēs habēs. Hoc satis est! Cūr ūnam ovem quaeris?”
Rēx respondit: “Centum habēbam — nōn nōnāgintā novem! Ūna ovis tam pretiōsa est quam centum! Eam quaeram dōnec inveniam!”
Rēx per montēs et vallēs quaesīvit. Tandem ovem perditam invēnit. Eam in umerīs portāvit et domum redūxit.
“Gaudēte mēcum!” clāmāvit. “Ovis perdita inventa est! Nunc iterum centum habeō — nōn nōnāgintā novem — sed centum!”
Haec fābula docet: Ūnus homo tam pretiōsus est quam mīlle! Nōlī perdere ūnum ut multōs servēs — sed omnēs servā!
Dē Argūmentō:
This fable is based on the Parable of the Lost Sheep (Luke 15:3-7). It uses the numbers of the lesson (centum, nōnāgintā novem, ūna) to show that every individual has infinite value.
Grammatica Nōtanda: -
Counting by tens: decem... vīgintī... trīgintā... centum -
Comparison tam...quam: tam pretiōsa quam centum — “as precious as a hundred” -
Purpose clause: ut multōs servēs — “so that you may keep many” -
Deponent gaudēte: imperative of gaudeō — “rejoice!”
Vocabula Fābulae:
Vocābulum Pars Ōrātiōnis Significātiō ovis, ovis (f.) nōmen sheep aberrō, aberrāre verbum to wander away dēsum, dēesse verbum to be missing perditus, -a, -um participium lost umerus, -ī (m.) nōmen shoulder redūcō, redūcere verbum to lead back gaudeō, gaudēre verbum to rejoice
DISCIPULUS: Magister, master, quōmodo how formāmus do we form numerōs numbers post after decem? ten?
MAGISTER: Ā from ūndecim eleven ad to septendecim, seventeen, addimus we add numerum the number ad to decem: ten: ūnus one + decem + ten = = ūndecim; eleven; duo two + decem + ten = = duodecim; twelve; trēs three + decem + ten = = tredecim. thirteen. Sed but cavē! beware! Duodēvīgintī eighteen et and ūndēvīgintī nineteen subtrāctīvē subtractively formātur: are formed: “duo “two dē from vīgintī” twenty” = duodēvīgintī! = eighteen!
DISCIPULUS: Hoc this est is sīcut like duodēseptuāgēsimus! the sixty-eighth (two-from-seventy)!
MAGISTER: Optimē! excellent! Ita so est! it is! Rōmānī the Romans 18 18 et and 19 19 et and 28 28 et and 29 29 (et (and cētera) the rest) subtrāctīvē subtractively formābant formed — “duo — “two dē from proximā the nearest decade.” decade.”
DISCIPULUS: Quid what dē about centum a hundred et and mīlle? a thousand?
MAGISTER: Centum a hundred est is indēclīnābile indeclinable — semper — always centum! a hundred! “Centum “a hundred virī, men, centum a hundred fēminae.” women.” Sed but mīlle a thousand duo two modōs ways habet! has! Singulāriter in the singular est it is indēclīnābile: indeclinable: “mīlle “a thousand militēs.” soldiers.” Sed but plūrāliter in the plural est it is nōmen a noun neutrum: neuter: mīlia, thousands, mīlium! of thousands! “Duo “two mīlia thousands militum” of soldiers” — cum — with genitīvō! the genitive!
DISCIPULUS: Ergō therefore “two thousand soldiers” “two thousand soldiers” est is “duo “duo mīlia mīlia militum”? militum”?
MAGISTER: Ita yes vērō! indeed! Mīlia thousands est is nōmen a noun — nōn — not adiectīvum! an adjective! “Tria “three mīlia thousands passuum” of paces” = trēs = three mīlia thousand passūs paces = circiter = about 5 5 kīlometra! kilometers!
DISCIPULUS: Magister, quōmodo formāmus numerōs post decem? Master, how do we form numbers after ten?
MAGISTER: Ā ūndecim ad septendecim, addimus numerum ad decem: From eleven to seventeen, we add the number to “ten”:
ūnus + decem = ūndecim; duo + decem = duodecim; trēs + decem = tredecim. “One” + ten = “eleven”; “two” + ten = “twelve”; “three” + ten = “thirteen.”
Sed cavē! Duodēvīgintī et ūndēvīgintī subtrāctīvē formātur: But beware! “Eighteen” and “nineteen” are formed subtractively:
“duo dē vīgintī” = duodēvīgintī! “Two from twenty” = eighteen!
DISCIPULUS: Hoc est sīcut duodēseptuāgēsimus! This is like “the sixty-eighth (two-from-seventy)”!
MAGISTER: Optimē! Ita est! Excellent! So it is!
Rōmānī 18 et 19 et 28 et 29 (et cētera) subtrāctīvē formābant — “duo dē proximā decade.” The Romans formed 18 and 19 and 28 and 29 (and the rest) subtractively — “two from the nearest decade.”
DISCIPULUS: Quid dē centum et mīlle? What about “a hundred” and “a thousand”?
MAGISTER: Centum est indēclīnābile — semper centum! “Centum virī, centum fēminae.” “A hundred” is indeclinable — always “centum”! “A hundred men, a hundred women.”
Sed mīlle duo modōs habet! But “a thousand” has two ways!
Singulāriter est indēclīnābile: “mīlle militēs.” In the singular it is indeclinable: “a thousand soldiers.”
Sed plūrāliter est nōmen neutrum: mīlia, mīlium! But in the plural it is a neuter noun: “thousands,” “of thousands”!
“Duo mīlia militum” — cum genitīvō! “Two thousand soldiers” — with the genitive!
DISCIPULUS: Ergō “two thousand soldiers” est “duo mīlia militum”? Therefore “two thousand soldiers” is “duo mīlia militum”?
MAGISTER: Ita vērō! Mīlia est nōmen — nōn adiectīvum! Yes indeed! “Thousands” is a noun — not an adjective!
“Tria mīlia passuum” = trēs mīlia passūs = circiter 5 kīlometra! “Three thousand paces” = three miles = about 5 kilometers!
DISCIPULUS: Magister, quōmodo formāmus numerōs post decem?
MAGISTER: Ā ūndecim ad septendecim, addimus numerum ad decem: ūnus + decem = ūndecim; duo + decem = duodecim; trēs + decem = tredecim. Sed cavē! Duodēvīgintī et ūndēvīgintī subtrāctīvē formātur: “duo dē vīgintī” = duodēvīgintī!
DISCIPULUS: Hoc est sīcut duodēseptuāgēsimus!
MAGISTER: Optimē! Ita est! Rōmānī 18 et 19 et 28 et 29 (et cētera) subtrāctīvē formābant — “duo dē proximā decade.”
DISCIPULUS: Quid dē centum et mīlle?
MAGISTER: Centum est indēclīnābile — semper centum! “Centum virī, centum fēminae.” Sed mīlle duo modōs habet! Singulāriter est indēclīnābile: “mīlle militēs.” Sed plūrāliter est nōmen neutrum: mīlia, mīlium! “Duo mīlia militum” — cum genitīvō!
DISCIPULUS: Ergō “two thousand soldiers” est “duo mīlia militum”?
MAGISTER: Ita vērō! Mīlia est nōmen — nōn adiectīvum! “Tria mīlia passuum” = trēs mīlia passūs = circiter 5 kīlometra!
Dē Argūmentō Paedagōgicō:
This colloquium explains how teens are formed (additively for 11-17, subtractively for 18-19), the indeclinable nature of centum, and the special dual behavior of mīlle (indeclinable adjective in singular, declinable noun in plural).
Fill in:
Numerus Latīnē 10 __________ 11 __________ 12 __________ 18 __________ 19 __________ 30 __________ 100 __________ 1000 __________
Choose the correct form: -
A thousand soldiers: mīlle / mīlia militēs -
Two thousand soldiers: duo mīlle / duo mīlia militum -
Five thousand paces: quīnque mīlle / quīnque mīlia passuum
-
Ten commandments of God. -
Eleven apostles. -
Twelve articles of the faith. -
A hundred years are an age.
-
Decem praecepta Deī. -
Trīgintā diēs sunt mēnsis. -
Centum annī sunt saeculum. -
Sātanās est mīlle fraudum artifex.
-
Decem, ūndecim, duodecim — 10, 11, 12 -
Duodēvīgintī, ūndēvīgintī — 18 (2 from 20), 19 (1 from 20) -
Trīgintā, centum — 30, 100 (indeclinable) -
Mīlle (sing.) / mīlia, mīlium (pl.) — 1000 / thousands
Numerus Latīnē 10 decem 11 ūndecim 12 duodecim 18 duodēvīgintī 19 ūndēvīgintī 30 trīgintā 100 centum 1000 mīlle
-
A thousand soldiers: mīlle militēs -
Two thousand soldiers: duo mīlia militum -
Five thousand paces: quīnque mīlia passuum
-
Decem praecepta Deī. -
Ūndecim apostolī. -
Duodecim fideī articulī. -
Centum annī sunt saeculum.
-
Ten commandments of God. -
Thirty days are a month. -
A hundred years are an age. -
Satan is the forger of a thousand deceits.
In proximā lectiōne novam partem incipimus: Dē Rēbus in Scholā! Scholāsticus frequentat scholam quō in artibus ērudiātur. Initium est ā litterīs. Ē syllabīs vōcēs compōnuntur. Ē dictiōnibus sermō. Discēmus dē scholā et litterīs!
In the next lesson we begin a new part: On Things in a School! A scholar frequents the school so that he may be instructed in the arts. The beginning is from letters. Words are composed of syllables. A speech of words. We shall learn about school and letters!
Scrīptum est annō Dominī MMXXVI, ā Comēniō per mysterium cōnscientiae renātō.
---