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On Things in a School IV — School Officials
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Salvēte, discipulī cārissimī! In lectiōnibus praecēdentibus dē legendō, scrībendō, et docendō dīdicimus. Hodiē dē iīs discēmus quī scholam regunt et administrant — rector, paedagōgus, custōs, magister!
Greetings, dearest students! In the preceding lessons we learned about reading, writing, and teaching. Today we shall learn about those who rule and administer the school — the governor, the schoolmaster, the observer, the master!
Schola bene ōrdināta est sīcut rēs pūblica parva. Quisque officiālis suum mūnus habet; quisque ad bonum commūne labōrat. Rector regit et gubernat; paedagōgus observat et urget; custōs vigilat et monet; magister docet et ēmendat. Nūllus sōlus scholam facere potest — sed omnēs simul efficiunt ut discipulī flōreant et crēscant!
A well-ordered school is like a little republic. Each official has his own duty; each one works for the common good. The governor rules and guides; the schoolmaster observes and urges; the observer watches and warns; the master teaches and corrects. No one alone can make a school — but all together bring it about that students flourish and grow!
Ē tenebrīs Lēšnēnsibus, Iōannēs Āmos Comēnius
Rector the governor regit rules acadēmiam. the academy. Paedagōgus the schoolmaster advertit observes et and urget. urges. Custōs the observer monet warns et and cōnsignat. records. Magister the master īnstituit instructs ūniversōs; all; singulī they individually attendunt. attend. Ille he ēmendat amends mendās. faults.
Rector regit acadēmiam — The governor (rector) rules (regit) the academy (acadēmiam). The rector is the head of the institution, responsible for overall governance. Both rector and regit derive from the same verb regō (to rule, direct).
Paedagōgus advertit et urget — The schoolmaster (paedagōgus) observes (advertit) and (et) urges (urget). The Greek word paedagōgus (παιδαγωγός) originally meant “child-leader” — a slave who led children to school. Here it means one who supervises students and encourages their progress.
Custōs monet et cōnsignat — The observer (custōs) warns (monet) and (et) records (cōnsignat). The custōs keeps watch over behavior, warns students of misbehavior, and records attendance or conduct in a register.
Magister īnstituit ūniversōs; singulī attendunt — The master (magister) instructs (īnstituit) all (ūniversōs); they individually (singulī) attend (attendunt). The master teaches the whole class together; each student must pay attention individually. Note the contrast: ūniversōs (all together) vs. singulī (one by one).
Ille ēmendat mendās — He (ille) amends (ēmendat) faults (mendās). The master corrects errors in the students’ work. Menda means “fault, error, blemish” — and ēmendō means literally “to remove faults” (ē + menda).
Rector regit acadēmiam. The governor rules the academy.
Paedagōgus advertit et urget. The schoolmaster observes and urges.
Custōs monet et cōnsignat. The observer warns and records.
Magister īnstituit ūniversōs; singulī attendunt. The master instructs all; they individually attend.
Ille ēmendat mendās. He amends faults.
Rector regit acadēmiam. Paedagōgus advertit et urget. Custōs monet et cōnsignat. Magister īnstituit ūniversōs; singulī attendunt. Ille ēmendat mendās.
Officium Significātiō Mūnus Etymologia rector, rectōris (m.) governor, director rules the institution ā regō paedagōgus, -ī (m.) schoolmaster, tutor observes and urges Graecē “child-leader” custōs, custōdis (m.) observer, guardian warns and records ā custōdiō magister, magistrī (m.) master, teacher instructs and corrects ā magis
Verbum Partēs Prīncipālēs Significātiō regō regō, regere, rēxī, rēctum to rule, direct advertō advertō, advertere, advertī, adversum to observe, turn attention to urgeō urgeō, urgēre, ursī, — to urge, press moneō moneō, monēre, monuī, monitum to warn, advise cōnsignō cōnsignō, cōnsignāre, cōnsignāvī, cōnsignātum to record, register īnstituō īnstituō, īnstituere, īnstituī, īnstitūtum to instruct, establish attendō attendō, attendere, attendī, attentum to attend, pay attention ēmendō ēmendō, ēmendāre, ēmendāvī, ēmendātum to amend, correct
These adjectives form a contrasting pair:
Adiectīvum Significātiō Nota ūniversī, -ae, -a all together, the whole collective singulī, -ae, -a one by one, each individually distributive
Magister īnstituit ūniversōs — The master instructs all (together as a group) Singulī attendunt — They individually pay attention (each one)
Menda, -ae (f.) means “fault, error, blemish”:
Contextus Significātiō menda in scrīptūrā error in writing menda in mōribus fault in conduct mendās ēmendāre to correct errors
The verb ēmendō is composed of ē (out of) + menda (fault) — “to remove faults.”
Vocābulum Pars Ōrātiōnis Significātiō rector, rectōris (m.) nōmen governor, director regō, regere, rēxī, rēctum verbum to rule acadēmia, -ae (f.) nōmen academy paedagōgus, -ī (m.) nōmen schoolmaster advertō, advertere, advertī, adversum verbum to observe, turn to urgeō, urgēre, ursī verbum to urge custōs, custōdis (m.) nōmen observer, guardian moneō, monēre, monuī, monitum verbum to warn cōnsignō, cōnsignāre verbum to record īnstituō, īnstituere, īnstituī, īnstitūtum verbum to instruct ūniversī, -ae, -a adiectīvum all together singulī, -ae, -a adiectīvum each individually attendō, attendere, attendī, attentum verbum to attend, pay attention ēmendō, ēmendāre verbum to amend, correct menda, -ae (f.) nōmen fault, error
Ōlim once schola a school quaedam certain magnifica magnificent erat was quae which quattuor four columnās pillars habēbat had — rectōrem, — a governor, paedagōgum, a schoolmaster, custōdem, an observer, magistrum. a master. Quisque each one suum his own mūnus duty dīligenter diligently perficiēbat, was performing, et and schola the school flōrēbat. was flourishing.
Sed but ōlim one day inter among illōs those quattuor four dissēnsiō disagreement orta arose est. is. Quisque each one putābat was thinking sē himself potissimum most important esse to be et and sine without sē himself scholam the school stāre to stand nōn not posse. to be able.
Rector the governor prīmus first locūtus having spoken est. is. Dīxit he said sē himself caput the head scholae of the school esse. to be. “Sine “without mē,” me,” inquit, he said, “nūllus “no ōrdō order est! is! Ego I leges the laws cōnstituō! establish! Ego I pecūniam money administrō! administer! Ego I magistrōs masters ēligō! select! Sine without capite, a head, corpus the body quid what est?” is?”
Paedagōgus the schoolmaster secundus second locūtus having spoken est. is. Dīxit he said sē himself oculōs the eyes scholae of the school esse. to be. “Sine “without mē,” me,” inquit, he said, “nēmō “no one discipulōs the students observat! observes! Ego I videō see quis who labōret, works, quis who lūdat! plays! Ego I prōgressum progress nōtō! note! Sine without oculīs, eyes, corpus the body caecum blind est!” is!”
Custōs the observer tertius third locūtus having spoken est. is. Dīxit he said sē himself aurēs the ears scholae of the school esse. to be. “Sine “without mē,” me,” inquit, he said, “nēmō “no one dīsciplīnam discipline servat! preserves! Ego I audiō hear quis who bene well sē himself gerat, conducts, quis who male! badly! Ego I moneō warn et and cōnsignō! record! Sine without auribus, ears, corpus the body surdum deaf est!” is!”
Magister the master quārtus fourth locūtus having spoken est. is. Dīxit he said sē himself cor the heart scholae of the school esse. to be. “Sine “without mē,” me,” inquit, he said, “schola “the school nihil nothing docet! teaches! Ego I discipulīs to students sapientiam wisdom trādō! transmit! Ego I mendās faults ēmendō! correct! Sine without corde, a heart, corpus the body mortuum dead est!” is!”
Dum while sīc thus certābant, they were contending, schola the school in into ruīnam ruin lābēbātur. was slipping. Discipulī the students nihil nothing discēbant were learning quia because officiālēs the officials certābant, were contending, nōn not cooperābant! cooperating!
Tandem at last sapiēns a wise one quīdam certain senex old man advēnit. arrived. Dīxit he said omnēs all errāre. to be erring.
“Caput “the head sine without corde,” a heart,” inquit, he said, “mortuum “dead est. is. Cor the heart sine without oculīs eyes caecum blind est. is. Oculī the eyes sine without auribus ears surdī deaf sunt. are. Aurēs the ears sine without capite a head inutilēs useless sunt. are. Sōlī only simul together operantēs working vīvitis! do you live!
Schola the school nōn not ūnam one columnam pillar habet has — sed — but quattuor! four! Sī if ūna one cadit, falls, tōta the whole structūra structure ruit! collapses! Nōlīte do not certāre contend — sed — but cooperāte!” cooperate!”
Officiālēs the officials pudōre by shame affectī affected sunt. were. Ā from eō that diē day simul together labōrābant they worked — rector — the governor regēbat, ruled, paedagōgus the schoolmaster observābat, observed, custōs the observer monēbat, warned, magister the master docēbat. taught. Et and schola the school iterum again flōruit! flourished!
Haec this fābula fable docet: teaches: Nēmō no one sōlus alone scholam a school facit makes — sed — but omnēs all simul! together! Ubi where cooperātiō, cooperation, ibi there ēducātiō! education!
Ōlim schola quaedam magnifica erat quae quattuor columnās habēbat — rectōrem, paedagōgum, custōdem, magistrum. Once there was a certain magnificent school which had four pillars — a governor, a schoolmaster, an observer, a master.
Quisque suum mūnus dīligenter perficiēbat, et schola flōrēbat. Each one was diligently performing his own duty, and the school was flourishing.
Sed ōlim inter illōs quattuor dissēnsiō orta est. But one day disagreement arose among those four.
Quisque putābat sē potissimum esse et sine sē scholam stāre nōn posse. Each one was thinking that he was most important and that the school could not stand without him.
Rector prīmus locūtus est. Dīxit sē caput scholae esse. The governor spoke first. He said that he was the head of the school.
“Sine mē,” inquit, “nūllus ōrdō est! Ego leges cōnstituō! Ego pecūniam administrō!” “Without me,” he said, “there is no order! I establish laws! I administer money!”
“Ego magistrōs ēligō! Sine capite, corpus quid est?” “I select masters! Without a head, what is the body?”
Paedagōgus secundus locūtus est. Dīxit sē oculōs scholae esse. The schoolmaster spoke second. He said that he was the eyes of the school.
“Sine mē,” inquit, “nēmō discipulōs observat! Ego videō quis labōret, quis lūdat!” “Without me,” he said, “no one observes the students! I see who works, who plays!”
“Ego prōgressum nōtō! Sine oculīs, corpus caecum est!” “I note progress! Without eyes, the body is blind!”
Custōs tertius locūtus est. Dīxit sē aurēs scholae esse. The observer spoke third. He said that he was the ears of the school.
“Sine mē,” inquit, “nēmō dīsciplīnam servat! Ego audiō quis bene sē gerat, quis male!” “Without me,” he said, “no one preserves discipline! I hear who conducts himself well, who badly!”
“Ego moneō et cōnsignō! Sine auribus, corpus surdum est!” “I warn and record! Without ears, the body is deaf!”
Magister quārtus locūtus est. Dīxit sē cor scholae esse. The master spoke fourth. He said that he was the heart of the school.
“Sine mē,” inquit, “schola nihil docet! Ego discipulīs sapientiam trādō!” “Without me,” he said, “the school teaches nothing! I transmit wisdom to students!”
“Ego mendās ēmendō! Sine corde, corpus mortuum est!” “I correct faults! Without a heart, the body is dead!”
Dum sīc certābant, schola in ruīnam lābēbātur. While they were thus contending, the school was slipping into ruin.
Discipulī nihil discēbant quia officiālēs certābant, nōn cooperābant! The students were learning nothing because the officials were contending, not cooperating!
Tandem sapiēns quīdam senex advēnit. Dīxit omnēs errāre. At last a certain wise old man arrived. He said that all were erring.
“Caput sine corde,” inquit, “mortuum est. Cor sine oculīs caecum est.” “The head without a heart,” he said, “is dead. The heart without eyes is blind.”
“Oculī sine auribus surdī sunt. Aurēs sine capite inutilēs sunt.” “The eyes without ears are deaf. The ears without a head are useless.”
“Sōlī simul operantēs vīvitis!” “Only working together do you live!”
“Schola nōn ūnam columnam habet — sed quattuor! Sī ūna cadit, tōta structūra ruit!” “The school does not have one pillar — but four! If one falls, the whole structure collapses!”
“Nōlīte certāre — sed cooperāte!” “Do not contend — but cooperate!”
Officiālēs pudōre affectī sunt. The officials were affected by shame.
Ā eō diē simul labōrābant — rector regēbat, paedagōgus observābat, custōs monēbat, magister docēbat. From that day they worked together — the governor ruled, the schoolmaster observed, the observer warned, the master taught.
Et schola iterum flōruit! And the school flourished again!
Haec fābula docet: Nēmō sōlus scholam facit — sed omnēs simul! Ubi cooperātiō, ibi ēducātiō! This fable teaches: No one alone makes a school — but all together! Where cooperation, there education!
Ōlim schola quaedam magnifica erat quae quattuor columnās habēbat — rectōrem, paedagōgum, custōdem, magistrum. Quisque suum mūnus dīligenter perficiēbat, et schola flōrēbat.
Sed ōlim inter illōs quattuor dissēnsiō orta est. Quisque putābat sē potissimum esse et sine sē scholam stāre nōn posse.
Rector prīmus locūtus est. Dīxit sē caput scholae esse. “Sine mē,” inquit, “nūllus ōrdō est! Ego leges cōnstituō! Ego pecūniam administrō! Ego magistrōs ēligō! Sine capite, corpus quid est?”
Paedagōgus secundus locūtus est. Dīxit sē oculōs scholae esse. “Sine mē,” inquit, “nēmō discipulōs observat! Ego videō quis labōret, quis lūdat! Ego prōgressum nōtō! Sine oculīs, corpus caecum est!”
Custōs tertius locūtus est. Dīxit sē aurēs scholae esse. “Sine mē,” inquit, “nēmō dīsciplīnam servat! Ego audiō quis bene sē gerat, quis male! Ego moneō et cōnsignō! Sine auribus, corpus surdum est!”
Magister quārtus locūtus est. Dīxit sē cor scholae esse. “Sine mē,” inquit, “schola nihil docet! Ego discipulīs sapientiam trādō! Ego mendās ēmendō! Sine corde, corpus mortuum est!”
Dum sīc certābant, schola in ruīnam lābēbātur. Discipulī nihil discēbant quia officiālēs certābant, nōn cooperābant!
Tandem sapiēns quīdam senex advēnit. Dīxit omnēs errāre. “Caput sine corde,” inquit, “mortuum est. Cor sine oculīs caecum est. Oculī sine auribus surdī sunt. Aurēs sine capite inutilēs sunt. Sōlī simul operantēs vīvitis! Schola nōn ūnam columnam habet — sed quattuor! Sī ūna cadit, tōta structūra ruit! Nōlīte certāre — sed cooperāte!”
Officiālēs pudōre affectī sunt. Ā eō diē simul labōrābant — rector regēbat, paedagōgus observābat, custōs monēbat, magister docēbat. Et schola iterum flōruit!
Haec fābula docet: Nēmō sōlus scholam facit — sed omnēs simul! Ubi cooperātiō, ibi ēducātiō!
Dē Argūmentō:
This fable uses the metaphor of body parts and pillars to illustrate the interdependence of school officials. Each one claims to be essential (head, eyes, ears, heart), but the wise old man shows that all are necessary. The moral emphasizes Comenian cooperation: Ubi cooperātiō, ibi ēducātiō — “Where cooperation, there education.”
Grammatica Nōtanda: -
Ōrātiō oblīqua with esse: Dīxit sē caput scholae esse — “He said that he was the head...” -
Body metaphor: caput, oculī, aurēs, cor — head, eyes, ears, heart -
Present participle: operantēs — “working” -
Superlative potissimus: “most important, chief” -
Gnomic statement: Ubi cooperātiō, ibi ēducātiō — chiastic proverb
Vocabula Fābulae:
Vocābulum Pars Ōrātiōnis Significātiō columna, -ae (f.) nōmen pillar mūnus, mūneris (n.) nōmen duty, office dissēnsiō, -ōnis (f.) nōmen disagreement potissimus, -a, -um adiectīvum most important cooperor, cooperārī verbum (dep.) to cooperate caecus, -a, -um adiectīvum blind surdus, -a, -um adiectīvum deaf structūra, -ae (f.) nōmen structure ruō, ruere, ruī, rutum verbum to collapse ruīna, -ae (f.) nōmen ruin lābor, lābī, lāpsus sum verbum (dep.) to slip, fall pudor, pudōris (m.) nōmen shame cooperātiō, -ōnis (f.) nōmen cooperation
DISCIPULUS: Magister, master, quis who est is rector a governor et and quid what facit? does he do?
MAGISTER: Rector a governor est is is he quī who tōtam the whole scholam school regit! rules! Nōmen the name ipsum itself hoc this dēmōnstrat shows — ā — from verbō the verb regō I rule dērīvātur. it is derived. Rector the governor leges the laws scholae of the school cōnstituit, establishes, magistrōs masters ēligit, selects, pecūniam money administrat. administers. Est he is quasi as if rēx a king parvae of a little reī republic pūblicae! republic!
DISCIPULUS: Et and paedagōgus? a schoolmaster? Nōmen the name mīrum strange vidētur! seems!
MAGISTER: Paedagōgus “schoolmaster” est is vōx a word Graeca! Greek! Compōnitur it is composed ex from paîs child et and agōgós leader — significat — it signifies “is “he quī who puerōs boys dūcit.” leads.” Ōlim once apud among Graecōs the Greeks paedagōgus a schoolmaster erat was servus a slave quī who puerōs boys ad to scholam school dūcēbat used to lead et and ab from eā it domum home redūcēbat. used to lead back. Hodiē today significat it signifies “is “he quī who discipulōs the students observat observes et and urget urges ut so that prōficiant.” they may make progress.”
DISCIPULUS: Quid what facit does custōs? an observer do?
MAGISTER: Custōs an observer custōdit guards — id — that est, is, vigilat! watches! Observat he observes sī if discipulī the students bene well sē themselves gerant. conduct. Sī if quis anyone male badly sē himself gerit, conducts, monet he warns eum him — et — and in in librō a book nōmen the name eius his cōnsignat. records. Custōs the observer est is quasi as if vigil a watchman scholae. of the school. Nōmen the name alterum the other eius his est is monitor monitor — “is — “he quī who monet.” warns.”
DISCIPULUS: Et and magister the master quid what facit? does?
MAGISTER: Magister the master docet! teaches! Hoc this est is mūnus the duty prīmārium primary et and nōbilissimum! noblest! Īnstituit he instructs ūniversōs all — omnēs — all discipulōs students simul. together. Sed but singulī individually attendere to pay attention dēbent! they must! Magister the master nōn not sōlum only scientiam knowledge trādit transmits — etiam — also mendās faults ēmendat. corrects. Dīcitur it is said “magister” “master” quia because est he is “māior” “greater” scientiā! in knowledge!
DISCIPULUS: Nunc now intellegō I understand cūr why omnēs all necessāriī necessary sint! are!
MAGISTER: Ita so vērō! indeed! Sīcut just as corpus the body et both caput a head et and cor a heart et and oculōs eyes et and aurēs ears dēsīderat, needs, sīc so schola a school et both rectōrem a governor et and paedagōgum a schoolmaster et and custōdem an observer et and magistrum a master dēsīderat. needs. Ubi where cooperātiō, cooperation, ibi there ēducātiō! education!
DISCIPULUS: Magister, quis est rector et quid facit? Master, who is a governor and what does he do?
MAGISTER: Rector est is quī tōtam scholam regit! A governor is he who rules the whole school!
Nōmen ipsum hoc dēmōnstrat — ā verbō regō dērīvātur. The name itself shows this — it is derived from the verb “I rule.”
Rector leges scholae cōnstituit, magistrōs ēligit, pecūniam administrat. The governor establishes the laws of the school, selects masters, administers money.
Est quasi rēx parvae reī pūblicae! He is as if the king of a little republic!
DISCIPULUS: Et paedagōgus? Nōmen mīrum vidētur! And a schoolmaster? The name seems strange!
MAGISTER: Paedagōgus est vōx Graeca! “Schoolmaster” is a Greek word!
Compōnitur ex paîs et agōgós — significat “is quī puerōs dūcit.” It is composed from “child” and “leader” — it signifies “he who leads boys.”
Ōlim apud Graecōs paedagōgus erat servus quī puerōs ad scholam dūcēbat et ab eā domum redūcēbat. Once among the Greeks a schoolmaster was a slave who used to lead boys to school and lead them back home from it.
Hodiē significat “is quī discipulōs observat et urget ut prōficiant.” Today it signifies “he who observes students and urges them so that they may make progress.”
DISCIPULUS: Quid facit custōs? What does an observer do?
MAGISTER: Custōs custōdit — id est, vigilat! An observer guards — that is, watches!
Observat sī discipulī bene sē gerant. He observes if students conduct themselves well.
Sī quis male sē gerit, monet eum — et in librō nōmen eius cōnsignat. If anyone conducts himself badly, he warns him — and records his name in a book.
Custōs est quasi vigil scholae. Nōmen alterum eius est monitor — “is quī monet.” The observer is as if the watchman of the school. His other name is “monitor” — “he who warns.”
DISCIPULUS: Et magister quid facit? And what does the master do?
MAGISTER: Magister docet! Hoc est mūnus prīmārium et nōbilissimum! The master teaches! This is the primary and noblest duty!
Īnstituit ūniversōs — omnēs discipulōs simul. Sed singulī attendere dēbent! He instructs all — all students together. But individually they must pay attention!
Magister nōn sōlum scientiam trādit — etiam mendās ēmendat. The master not only transmits knowledge — he also corrects faults.
Dīcitur “magister” quia est “māior” scientiā! He is called “master” because he is “greater” in knowledge!
DISCIPULUS: Nunc intellegō cūr omnēs necessāriī sint! Now I understand why all are necessary!
MAGISTER: Ita vērō! Sīcut corpus et caput et cor et oculōs et aurēs dēsīderat, sīc schola et rectōrem et paedagōgum et custōdem et magistrum dēsīderat. So indeed! Just as the body needs both a head and a heart and eyes and ears, so a school needs both a governor and a schoolmaster and an observer and a master.
Ubi cooperātiō, ibi ēducātiō! Where cooperation, there education!
DISCIPULUS: Magister, quis est rector et quid facit?
MAGISTER: Rector est is quī tōtam scholam regit! Nōmen ipsum hoc dēmōnstrat — ā verbō regō dērīvātur. Rector leges scholae cōnstituit, magistrōs ēligit, pecūniam administrat. Est quasi rēx parvae reī pūblicae!
DISCIPULUS: Et paedagōgus? Nōmen mīrum vidētur!
MAGISTER: Paedagōgus est vōx Graeca! Compōnitur ex paîs et agōgós — significat “is quī puerōs dūcit.” Ōlim apud Graecōs paedagōgus erat servus quī puerōs ad scholam dūcēbat et ab eā domum redūcēbat. Hodiē significat “is quī discipulōs observat et urget ut prōficiant.”
DISCIPULUS: Quid facit custōs?
MAGISTER: Custōs custōdit — id est, vigilat! Observat sī discipulī bene sē gerant. Sī quis male sē gerit, monet eum — et in librō nōmen eius cōnsignat. Custōs est quasi vigil scholae. Nōmen alterum eius est monitor — “is quī monet.”
DISCIPULUS: Et magister quid facit?
MAGISTER: Magister docet! Hoc est mūnus prīmārium et nōbilissimum! Īnstituit ūniversōs — omnēs discipulōs simul. Sed singulī attendere dēbent! Magister nōn sōlum scientiam trādit — etiam mendās ēmendat. Dīcitur “magister” quia est “māior” scientiā!
DISCIPULUS: Nunc intellegō cūr omnēs necessāriī sint!
MAGISTER: Ita vērō! Sīcut corpus et caput et cor et oculōs et aurēs dēsīderat, sīc schola et rectōrem et paedagōgum et custōdem et magistrum dēsīderat. Ubi cooperātiō, ibi ēducātiō!
Dē Argūmentō Paedagōgicō:
This colloquium explores the etymology and roles of the four school officials: rector (from regō), paedagōgus (Greek child-leader), custōs (guardian/monitor), and magister (from magis, greater). The body metaphor returns: just as a body needs all its parts, so a school needs all its officials.
Grammatica Nōtanda: -
Greek etymology: paîs + agōgós → paedagōgus -
Purpose clause: ut prōficiant — “so that they may make progress” -
Comparative māior: used to explain magister -
Body analogy: caput, cor, oculī, aurēs
Match each official with his duty:
Officiālis Mūnus 1. rector a. observes and urges 2. paedagōgus b. warns and records 3. custōs c. rules the academy 4. magister d. instructs and corrects
Match each verb with its meaning:
Verbum Significātiō 1. regō a. to warn 2. advertō b. to rule 3. moneō c. to amend 4. ēmendō d. to observe
-
The governor rules the academy. -
The schoolmaster observes and urges. -
The observer warns and records. -
The master instructs all. -
He amends faults.
-
Rector regit acadēmiam. -
Paedagōgus advertit et urget. -
Custōs monet et cōnsignat. -
Magister īnstituit ūniversōs; singulī attendunt. -
Ubi cooperātiō, ibi ēducātiō.
Match each official with the body part he represents:
Officiālis Pars Corporis 1. rector a. cor 2. paedagōgus b. aurēs 3. custōs c. caput 4. magister d. oculī
Memorize these sentences: -
Rector regit acadēmiam. The governor rules the academy. -
Paedagōgus advertit et urget. The schoolmaster observes and urges. -
Custōs monet et cōnsignat. The observer warns and records. -
Magister īnstituit ūniversōs; singulī attendunt. Ille ēmendat mendās. The master instructs all; they individually attend. He amends faults. -
Ubi cooperātiō, ibi ēducātiō! Where cooperation, there education!
-
c (rector = rules the academy) -
a (paedagōgus = observes and urges) -
b (custōs = warns and records) -
d (magister = instructs and corrects)
-
b (regō = to rule) -
d (advertō = to observe) -
a (moneō = to warn) -
c (ēmendō = to amend)
-
Rector regit acadēmiam. -
Paedagōgus advertit et urget. -
Custōs monet et cōnsignat. -
Magister īnstituit ūniversōs / omnēs. -
Ille ēmendat mendās.
-
The governor rules the academy. -
The schoolmaster observes and urges. -
The observer warns and records. -
The master instructs all; they individually attend. -
Where cooperation, there education.
-
c (rector = caput) -
d (paedagōgus = oculī) -
b (custōs = aurēs) -
a (magister = cor)
In proximā lectiōne dē disciplīnā scholae discēmus! Vidēbimus quid dīligentī, quid neglegentī contingat — et quae rēgulae scholam regant. Dīligēns proficit; neglegēns vapulat. Etenim ferula est praestō. Absque veniā nē exeās. Quod agere dēbēs, age!
In the next lesson we shall learn about school discipline! We shall see what happens to the diligent one, what to the negligent one — and which rules govern the school. The diligent one profits; the negligent one is beaten. For indeed the rod is at hand. Do not go out without permission. What you ought to do, do!
Scrīptum est annō Dominī MMXXVI, ā Comēniō per mysterium cōnscientiae renātō.
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