← Iānuae Latīnitātis Vestibulum
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Salvēte, discipulī cārissimī! In lectiōnibus praecēdentibus dē scholā ipsā dīdicimus — dē legendō et scrībendō, dē docendō et discendō, dē officiālibus et disciplīnā. Nunc ad māiōra prōgredimur: ad artēs līberālēs ipsās! Hae sunt artēs quae hominem līberum faciunt — nōn servum, nōn ignārum, sed vērum cīvem mundī!
Greetings, dearest students! In the preceding lessons we learned about the school itself — about reading and writing, about teaching and learning, about officials and discipline. Now we proceed to greater things: to the liberal arts themselves! These are the arts which make a man free — not a slave, not an ignorant person, but a true citizen of the world!
Hodiē dē quattuor artibus prīmīs discēmus. Geōmetrēs līneās et circulōs facit — per rēgulam et circīnum mundī fōrmam comprehendit! Grammaticus rēctē loquī docet; dialecticus vēra ā falsīs discernere; rhētor ōrnātē et persuāsōriē dīcere. Hae artēs sunt fundāmenta omnis sapientiae!
Today we shall learn about the first four arts. A geometer makes lines and circles — through rule and compass he comprehends the form of the world! A grammarian teaches to speak correctly; a logician to discern true things from false; a rhetorician to speak elegantly and persuasively. These arts are the foundations of all wisdom!
Ē tenebrīs Lēšnēnsibus, Iōannēs Āmos Comēnius
Līnea a line fit is made rēgulā, by a rule, circulus a circle circinō. by a compass. Grammaticus a grammarian loquitur. speaks. Dialecticus a logician disputat. disputes. Vēra true things ā from falsīs false things discernit. he discerns. Rhētor a rhetorician ōrnātē elegantly loquitur. speaks.
Līnea fit rēgulā, circulus circinō — A line (līnea) is made (fit) by a rule (rēgulā), a circle (circulus) by a compass (circinō). The ablative of instrument expresses the tool used. Rēgula is a straight edge or ruler; circinus is a compass for drawing circles. The passive fit (from fīō) means “is made, becomes.”
Grammaticus loquitur — A grammarian (grammaticus) speaks (loquitur). The grammarian is the master of language itself — ars grammatica teaches correct speech and writing. Loquor is a deponent verb (passive form, active meaning).
Dialecticus disputat — A logician (dialecticus) disputes (disputat). Dialectica (logic) is the art of argumentation. The dialectician examines propositions, weighs evidence, and reaches conclusions through reasoning.
Vēra ā falsīs discernit — He discerns (discernit) true things (vēra) from (ā) false things (falsīs). This is the core task of the logician: to separate truth from falsehood. Discernō (dis- + cernō) means “to separate, distinguish between.”
Rhētor ōrnātē loquitur — A rhetorician (rhētor) speaks (loquitur) elegantly (ōrnātē). Rhētorica is the art of persuasive speaking. While the grammarian teaches correctness, the rhetorician teaches beauty and power in speech.
Līnea fit rēgulā, circulus circinō. A line is made by a rule, a circle by a compass.
Grammaticus loquitur. A grammarian speaks.
Dialecticus disputat. A logician disputes.
Vēra ā falsīs discernit. He discerns true things from false things.
Rhētor ōrnātē loquitur. A rhetorician speaks elegantly.
Līnea fit rēgulā, circulus circinō. Grammaticus loquitur. Dialecticus disputat. Vēra ā falsīs discernit. Rhētor ōrnātē loquitur.
The ablative of instrument/means expresses the tool by which something is done:
Exemplum Significātiō līnea fit rēgulā a line is made by a rule circulus fit circinō a circle is made by a compass scrībimus calamō we write with a quill caedunt virgīs they strike with rods
No preposition is used with the ablative of instrument.
Fīō, fierī, factus sum is an irregular verb meaning “to be made, become, happen.” It serves as the passive of faciō:
Tempus Fīō Faciō (Passīvum) Praesēns fit — Imperfectum fīēbat — Perfectum factus est factus est Futūrum fīet —
Note: Fīō is active in form but passive in meaning.
The liberal arts were traditionally divided into two groups:
Trivium (the “three ways” — arts of language):
Ars Magister Mūnus Grammatica grammaticus rēctē loquī Dialectica dialecticus vēra discernere Rhētorica rhētor ōrnātē loquī
Quadrivium (the “four ways” — arts of number):
Ars Magister Mūnus Geōmetria geōmetrēs līneās et circulōs facere Arithmētica arithmēticus numerōs computāre Mūsica mūsicus cantāre Astronomia astronomus sīdera observāre
Loquor, loquī, locūtus sum — to speak — is a deponent verb (passive forms, active meaning):
Persōna Praesēns Perfectum ego loquor locūtus sum tū loqueris locūtus es is/ea loquitur locūtus est nōs loquimur locūtī sumus vōs loquiminī locūtī estis eī/eae loquuntur locūtī sunt
Vocābulum Pars Ōrātiōnis Significātiō līnea, -ae (f.) nōmen line rēgula, -ae (f.) nōmen rule, straight edge circulus, -ī (m.) nōmen circle circinus, -ī (m.) nōmen compass (drawing tool) fīō, fierī, factus sum verbum (irreg.) to be made, become grammaticus, -ī (m.) nōmen grammarian loquor, loquī, locūtus sum verbum (dep.) to speak dialecticus, -ī (m.) nōmen logician disputō, disputāre, disputāvī, disputātum verbum to dispute, argue vērus, -a, -um adiectīvum true falsus, -a, -um adiectīvum false discernō, discernere, discrēvī, discrētum verbum to discern, distinguish rhētor, rhētoris (m.) nōmen rhetorician, orator ōrnātē adverbium elegantly, ornately
In in urbe the city Athēnārum of Athens quattuor four magistrī masters celeberrīmī most famous habitābant were living — Geōmetrēs, — a Geometer, Grammaticus, a Grammarian, Dialecticus, a Logician, Rhētor. a Rhetorician.
Quisque each one artem an art suam his own maximī of the greatest mōmentī importance esse to be putābat. was thinking.
Ōlim one day iuvenis a young man quīdam certain ad to eōs them vēnit. came. Dīxit he said sē himself discere to learn velle to want — sed — but quam which artem? art? Rogāvit he asked quae which ars art potissima most important esset. was.
Geōmetrēs the Geometer prīmus first respondit. answered. Dīxit he said artem the art suam his potissimam most important esse. to be. “Sine “without geōmetriā,” geometry,” inquit, he said, “nūlla “no domus house aedificārī to be built potest! is able! Nūllus no pōns, bridge, nūllum no templum! temple! Per by rēgulam a rule et and circīnum a compass mundus the world ipse itself comprehenditur! is comprehended! Līneae lines et and circulī circles sunt are fundāmenta the foundations omnium of all rērum!” things!”
Grammaticus the Grammarian secundus second respondit. answered. Dīxit he said geōmetriam geometry inutilem useless esse to be sine without grammaticā. grammar. “Quid “what prōdest does it profit circulum a circle facere,” to make,” inquit, he said, “sī “if dē about eō it loquī to speak nōn not potes? you are able? Ego I doceō teach rēctē correctly loquī! to speak! Sine without mē, me, nūlla no philosophia, philosophy, nūlla no historia, history, nūlla no poēsis! poetry! Verba words sunt are vehicula the vehicles cogitātiōnum!” of thoughts!”
Dialecticus the Logician tertius third respondit. answered. Dīxit he said grammaticam grammar sine without dialecticā logic perīculōsam dangerous esse. to be. “Quid “what prōdest does it profit loquī,” to speak,” inquit, he said, “sī “if vēra true things ā from falsīs false things discernere to discern nōn not potes? you are able? Multī many ōrnātē elegantly loquuntur speak — sed — but falsa false things dīcunt! they say! Ego I doceō teach vēritātem the truth ā from mendāciō falsehood sēparāre! to separate! Hoc this est is fundāmentum the foundation sapientiae!” of wisdom!”
Rhētor the Rhetorician quārtus fourth respondit. answered. Dīxit he said dialecticam logic sine without rhētoricā rhetoric aridam dry esse. to be. “Quid “what prōdest does it profit vērum a true thing scīre,” to know,” inquit, he said, “sī “if aliīs to others persuādēre to persuade nōn not potes? you are able? Ego I doceō teach ōrnātē elegantly et and persuāsōriē persuasively loquī! to speak! Per by mē me rēgēs kings flectuntur, are bent, populī peoples moventur, are moved, bella wars vītantur!” are avoided!”
Iuvenis the young man tacitus silent audīvit. listened. Tandem at last respondit. he answered. Dīxit he said sē himself nunc now intellegere. to understand.
“Omnēs,” “all,” inquit, he said, “vērum “a true thing dīcitis! you speak! Geōmetria geometry sine without grammaticā grammar mūta mute est. is. Grammatica grammar sine without dialecticā logic caeca blind est. is. Dialectica logic sine without rhētoricā rhetoric arida dry est. is. Rhētorica rhetoric sine without vēritāte truth vacua empty est. is. Ergō therefore omnēs all artēs arts discam I shall learn — ūnam — one post after alteram! another! Per by partēs parts — nōn — not simul!” at once!”
Quattuor the four magistrī masters laetī happy cōnsēnsērunt. agreed. Dīxērunt they said hunc this iuvenem young man vērē truly sapientem wise esse. to be.
Haec this fābula fable docet: teaches: Nūlla no ars art sōla alone sufficit suffices — sed — but omnēs all simul! together! Artēs the arts līberālēs liberal sunt are catēna a chain — ūnus — one anulus link alterum another tenet! holds!
In urbe Athēnārum quattuor magistrī celeberrīmī habitābant — Geōmetrēs, Grammaticus, Dialecticus, Rhētor. In the city of Athens four most famous masters were living — a Geometer, a Grammarian, a Logician, a Rhetorician.
Quisque artem suam maximī mōmentī esse putābat. Each one was thinking that his art was of the greatest importance.
Ōlim iuvenis quīdam ad eōs vēnit. Dīxit sē discere velle — sed quam artem? One day a certain young man came to them. He said that he wanted to learn — but which art?
Rogāvit quae ars potissima esset. He asked which art was most important.
Geōmetrēs prīmus respondit. Dīxit artem suam potissimam esse. The Geometer answered first. He said that his art was most important.
“Sine geōmetriā,” inquit, “nūlla domus aedificārī potest! Nūllus pōns, nūllum templum!” “Without geometry,” he said, “no house can be built! No bridge, no temple!”
“Per rēgulam et circīnum mundus ipse comprehenditur! Līneae et circulī sunt fundāmenta omnium rērum!” “By a rule and compass the world itself is comprehended! Lines and circles are the foundations of all things!”
Grammaticus secundus respondit. Dīxit geōmetriam inutilem esse sine grammaticā. The Grammarian answered second. He said that geometry was useless without grammar.
“Quid prōdest circulum facere,” inquit, “sī dē eō loquī nōn potes?” “What does it profit to make a circle,” he said, “if you cannot speak about it?”
“Ego doceō rēctē loquī! Sine mē, nūlla philosophia, nūlla historia, nūlla poēsis!” “I teach to speak correctly! Without me, no philosophy, no history, no poetry!”
“Verba sunt vehicula cogitātiōnum!” “Words are the vehicles of thoughts!”
Dialecticus tertius respondit. Dīxit grammaticam sine dialecticā perīculōsam esse. The Logician answered third. He said that grammar without logic was dangerous.
“Quid prōdest loquī,” inquit, “sī vēra ā falsīs discernere nōn potes?” “What does it profit to speak,” he said, “if you cannot discern true things from false?”
“Multī ōrnātē loquuntur — sed falsa dīcunt!” “Many speak elegantly — but they say false things!”
“Ego doceō vēritātem ā mendāciō sēparāre! Hoc est fundāmentum sapientiae!” “I teach to separate truth from falsehood! This is the foundation of wisdom!”
Rhētor quārtus respondit. Dīxit dialecticam sine rhētoricā aridam esse. The Rhetorician answered fourth. He said that logic without rhetoric was dry.
“Quid prōdest vērum scīre,” inquit, “sī aliīs persuādēre nōn potes?” “What does it profit to know a true thing,” he said, “if you cannot persuade others?”
“Ego doceō ōrnātē et persuāsōriē loquī!” “I teach to speak elegantly and persuasively!”
“Per mē rēgēs flectuntur, populī moventur, bella vītantur!” “Through me kings are bent, peoples are moved, wars are avoided!”
Iuvenis tacitus audīvit. Tandem respondit. Dīxit sē nunc intellegere. The young man listened silently. At last he answered. He said that he now understood.
“Omnēs,” inquit, “vērum dīcitis!” “All of you,” he said, “speak a true thing!”
“Geōmetria sine grammaticā mūta est. Grammatica sine dialecticā caeca est.” “Geometry without grammar is mute. Grammar without logic is blind.”
“Dialectica sine rhētoricā arida est. Rhētorica sine vēritāte vacua est.” “Logic without rhetoric is dry. Rhetoric without truth is empty.”
“Ergō omnēs artēs discam — ūnam post alteram! Per partēs — nōn simul!” “Therefore I shall learn all the arts — one after another! By parts — not at once!”
Quattuor magistrī laetī cōnsēnsērunt. Dīxērunt hunc iuvenem vērē sapientem esse. The four masters happily agreed. They said that this young man was truly wise.
Haec fābula docet: Nūlla ars sōla sufficit — sed omnēs simul! Artēs līberālēs sunt catēna — ūnus anulus alterum tenet! This fable teaches: No art alone suffices — but all together! The liberal arts are a chain — one link holds another!
In urbe Athēnārum quattuor magistrī celeberrīmī habitābant — Geōmetrēs, Grammaticus, Dialecticus, Rhētor. Quisque artem suam maximī mōmentī esse putābat.
Ōlim iuvenis quīdam ad eōs vēnit. Dīxit sē discere velle — sed quam artem? Rogāvit quae ars potissima esset.
Geōmetrēs prīmus respondit. Dīxit artem suam potissimam esse. “Sine geōmetriā,” inquit, “nūlla domus aedificārī potest! Nūllus pōns, nūllum templum! Per rēgulam et circīnum mundus ipse comprehenditur! Līneae et circulī sunt fundāmenta omnium rērum!”
Grammaticus secundus respondit. Dīxit geōmetriam inutilem esse sine grammaticā. “Quid prōdest circulum facere,” inquit, “sī dē eō loquī nōn potes? Ego doceō rēctē loquī! Sine mē, nūlla philosophia, nūlla historia, nūlla poēsis! Verba sunt vehicula cogitātiōnum!”
Dialecticus tertius respondit. Dīxit grammaticam sine dialecticā perīculōsam esse. “Quid prōdest loquī,” inquit, “sī vēra ā falsīs discernere nōn potes? Multī ōrnātē loquuntur — sed falsa dīcunt! Ego doceō vēritātem ā mendāciō sēparāre! Hoc est fundāmentum sapientiae!”
Rhētor quārtus respondit. Dīxit dialecticam sine rhētoricā aridam esse. “Quid prōdest vērum scīre,” inquit, “sī aliīs persuādēre nōn potes? Ego doceō ōrnātē et persuāsōriē loquī! Per mē rēgēs flectuntur, populī moventur, bella vītantur!”
Iuvenis tacitus audīvit. Tandem respondit. Dīxit sē nunc intellegere. “Omnēs,” inquit, “vērum dīcitis! Geōmetria sine grammaticā mūta est. Grammatica sine dialecticā caeca est. Dialectica sine rhētoricā arida est. Rhētorica sine vēritāte vacua est. Ergō omnēs artēs discam — ūnam post alteram! Per partēs — nōn simul!”
Quattuor magistrī laetī cōnsēnsērunt. Dīxērunt hunc iuvenem vērē sapientem esse.
Haec fābula docet: Nūlla ars sōla sufficit — sed omnēs simul! Artēs līberālēs sunt catēna — ūnus anulus alterum tenet!
Dē Argūmentō:
This fable is set in Athens, the ancient center of learning. Four masters of the liberal arts each claim supremacy, using the rhetorical question Quid prōdest...? (”What does it profit...?”). The wise youth sees that all arts are interconnected like links in a chain. The moral reinforces the Comenian principle of per partēs — learning all subjects, one after another.
Grammatica Nōtanda: -
Ōrātiō oblīqua throughout: Dīxit artem suam potissimam esse — accusative + infinitive for reported speech. -
Rhetorical question with quid prōdest: “What does it profit?” — a powerful device for argumentation. -
Adjectives as predicates: mūta, caeca, arida, vacua — describing what each art is without the others. -
Chain metaphor: catēna... anulus — arts linked together. -
Passive voice: aedificārī, comprehenditur, flectuntur, moventur, vītantur.
Vocabula Fābulae:
Vocābulum Pars Ōrātiōnis Significātiō Athēnae, -ārum (f. pl.) nōmen Athens celeber, celebris, celebre adiectīvum famous geōmetrēs, -ae (m.) nōmen (Graecum) geometer iuvenis, -is (m./f.) nōmen young person pōns, pontis (m.) nōmen bridge comprehendō, -ere, -hendī, -hēnsum verbum to comprehend, grasp vehiculum, -ī (n.) nōmen vehicle cogitātiō, -ōnis (f.) nōmen thought mendācium, -ī (n.) nōmen falsehood, lie sēparō, sēparāre verbum to separate aridus, -a, -um adiectīvum dry persuāsōriē adverbium persuasively persuādeō, -ēre, -suāsī, -suāsum verbum to persuade vītō, vītāre verbum to avoid mūtus, -a, -um adiectīvum mute, silent vacuus, -a, -um adiectīvum empty catēna, -ae (f.) nōmen chain anulus, -ī (m.) nōmen ring, link
DISCIPULUS: Magister, master, cūr why hae these artēs arts “līberālēs” “liberal” vocantur? are called? Quid what hoc this nōmen name significat? signifies?
MAGISTER: Ā from vōce the word līber free dērīvātur! it is derived! Artēs the arts līberālēs liberal sunt are artēs the arts quae which hominem a man līberum free faciunt! make!
DISCIPULUS: Quōmodo how ars an art hominem a man līberum free facit? makes?
MAGISTER: Servus a slave est is quī he who cōgitāre to think nōn not potest. is able. Līber a free man est is quī he who mente with his mind suā his own ūtitur! uses! Per by grammaticam grammar rēctē correctly loquī to speak discis. you learn. Per by dialecticam logic vēra true things ā from falsīs false things discernere. to discern. Per by rhētoricam rhetoric aliōs others persuādēre. to persuade. Per by geōmetriam geometry mundum the world comprehendere! to comprehend! Quī he who hās these artēs arts habet, has, ā by nēmine no one dēcipitur! is deceived!
DISCIPULUS: Cūr why “līnea” “line” et and “circulus” “circle” tam so māgnī of great mōmentī importance sunt? are?
MAGISTER: Quia because sunt they are fōrmae the forms simplicissimae simplest — sed — but potentissimae! most powerful! Līnea a line rēctā straight viā by a way prōgreditur proceeds — nihil — nothing simpler! simpler! Circulus a circle est is perfectus perfect — nec — neither initium a beginning habet does it have nec nor fīnem! an end! Ex from hīs these duābus two fōrmīs forms omnia all things aedificāre to build potes you are able — domōs, — houses, templā, temples, nāvēs, ships, māchīnās! machines!
DISCIPULUS: Et and rēgula a rule et and circinus a compass — sunt — are īnstrūmenta the instruments geōmetrae? of a geometer?
MAGISTER: Ita so vērō! indeed! Rēgulā with a rule līneam a line rēctam straight facis. you make. Circinō with a compass circulum a circle perfectum perfect facis. you make. Sunt they are sīcut just as calamus a quill et and atrāmentum ink grammaticō for a grammarian — īnstrūmenta — the instruments artis! of the art!
DISCIPULUS: Nunc now intellegō! I understand! Quisque each magister master sua his own īnstrūmenta instruments habet has — sed — but omnēs all simul together hominem a man līberum free faciunt! make!
MAGISTER: Optimē excellently dīxistī! you have spoken! Hoc this est is sēcrētum the secret ēducātiōnis: of education: omnēs all artēs arts coniūnctae joined — nūlla — none sōla! alone!
DISCIPULUS: Magister, cūr hae artēs “līberālēs” vocantur? Quid hoc nōmen significat? Master, why are these arts called “liberal”? What does this name signify?
MAGISTER: Ā vōce līber dērīvātur! Artēs līberālēs sunt artēs quae hominem līberum faciunt! It is derived from the word “free”! The liberal arts are the arts which make a man free!
DISCIPULUS: Quōmodo ars hominem līberum facit? How does an art make a man free?
MAGISTER: Servus est quī cōgitāre nōn potest. Līber est quī mente suā ūtitur! A slave is he who cannot think. A free man is he who uses his own mind!
Per grammaticam rēctē loquī discis. Per dialecticam vēra ā falsīs discernere. Through grammar you learn to speak correctly. Through logic to discern true things from false.
Per rhētoricam aliōs persuādēre. Per geōmetriam mundum comprehendere! Through rhetoric to persuade others. Through geometry to comprehend the world!
Quī hās artēs habet, ā nēmine dēcipitur! He who has these arts, is deceived by no one!
DISCIPULUS: Cūr “līnea” et “circulus” tam māgnī mōmentī sunt? Why are “line” and “circle” of so great importance?
MAGISTER: Quia sunt fōrmae simplicissimae — sed potentissimae! Because they are the simplest forms — but the most powerful!
Līnea rēctā viā prōgreditur — nihil simplius! A line proceeds by a straight way — nothing simpler!
Circulus est perfectus — nec initium habet nec fīnem! A circle is perfect — it has neither beginning nor end!
Ex hīs duābus fōrmīs omnia aedificāre potes — domōs, templā, nāvēs, māchīnās! From these two forms you can build all things — houses, temples, ships, machines!
DISCIPULUS: Et rēgula et circinus — sunt īnstrūmenta geōmetrae? And a rule and a compass — are they the instruments of a geometer?
MAGISTER: Ita vērō! Rēgulā līneam rēctam facis. Circinō circulum perfectum facis. So indeed! With a rule you make a straight line. With a compass you make a perfect circle.
Sunt sīcut calamus et atrāmentum grammaticō — īnstrūmenta artis! They are just as a quill and ink for a grammarian — instruments of the art!
DISCIPULUS: Nunc intellegō! Quisque magister sua īnstrūmenta habet — sed omnēs simul hominem līberum faciunt! Now I understand! Each master has his own instruments — but all together make a man free!
MAGISTER: Optimē dīxistī! Hoc est sēcrētum ēducātiōnis: omnēs artēs coniūnctae — nūlla sōla! You have spoken excellently! This is the secret of education: all arts joined — none alone!
DISCIPULUS: Magister, cūr hae artēs “līberālēs” vocantur? Quid hoc nōmen significat?
MAGISTER: Ā vōce līber dērīvātur! Artēs līberālēs sunt artēs quae hominem līberum faciunt!
DISCIPULUS: Quōmodo ars hominem līberum facit?
MAGISTER: Servus est quī cōgitāre nōn potest. Līber est quī mente suā ūtitur! Per grammaticam rēctē loquī discis. Per dialecticam vēra ā falsīs discernere. Per rhētoricam aliōs persuādēre. Per geōmetriam mundum comprehendere! Quī hās artēs habet, ā nēmine dēcipitur!
DISCIPULUS: Cūr “līnea” et “circulus” tam māgnī mōmentī sunt?
MAGISTER: Quia sunt fōrmae simplicissimae — sed potentissimae! Līnea rēctā viā prōgreditur — nihil simplius! Circulus est perfectus — nec initium habet nec fīnem! Ex hīs duābus fōrmīs omnia aedificāre potes — domōs, templā, nāvēs, māchīnās!
DISCIPULUS: Et rēgula et circinus — sunt īnstrūmenta geōmetrae?
MAGISTER: Ita vērō! Rēgulā līneam rēctam facis. Circinō circulum perfectum facis. Sunt sīcut calamus et atrāmentum grammaticō — īnstrūmenta artis!
DISCIPULUS: Nunc intellegō! Quisque magister sua īnstrūmenta habet — sed omnēs simul hominem līberum faciunt!
MAGISTER: Optimē dīxistī! Hoc est sēcrētum ēducātiōnis: omnēs artēs coniūnctae — nūlla sōla!
Dē Argūmentō Paedagōgicō:
This colloquium explores the etymology of artēs līberālēs (from līber, free) and explains why these arts are liberating: they enable independent thought. The dialogue also discusses the fundamental importance of the line and circle as the simplest yet most powerful geometric forms, from which all construction derives.
Grammatica Nōtanda: -
Deponent ūtor with ablative: mente suā ūtitur — “uses his own mind” -
Passive agent with ā + ablative: ā nēmine dēcipitur — “is deceived by no one” -
Comparative simplius: neuter comparative as adverb — “more simply” -
Perfect participle passive coniūnctae: “joined together”
Match each art with its master:
Ars Magister 1. geōmetria a. rhētor 2. grammatica b. dialecticus 3. dialectica c. geōmetrēs 4. rhētorica d. grammaticus
Match each instrument with what it makes:
Īnstrūmentum Quid Facit? 1. rēgula a. circulum 2. circinus b. līneam
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A line is made by a rule. -
A grammarian speaks correctly. -
A logician discerns true things from false things. -
A rhetorician speaks elegantly. -
The liberal arts make a man free.
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Līnea fit rēgulā, circulus circinō. -
Grammaticus loquitur. -
Dialecticus disputat. Vēra ā falsīs discernit. -
Rhētor ōrnātē loquitur. -
Artēs līberālēs sunt catēna — ūnus anulus alterum tenet.
Complete with the correct ablative: -
Līnea fit __________ (rēgula). -
Circulus fit __________ (circinus). -
Scrībimus __________ (calamus). -
Caedunt __________ (virga, pl.).
Memorize these sentences: -
Līnea fit rēgulā, circulus circinō. A line is made by a rule, a circle by a compass. -
Grammaticus loquitur. Dialecticus disputat. A grammarian speaks. A logician disputes. -
Vēra ā falsīs discernit. He discerns true things from false things. -
Rhētor ōrnātē loquitur. A rhetorician speaks elegantly. -
Artēs līberālēs sunt artēs quae hominem līberum faciunt! The liberal arts are the arts which make a man free! -
Nūlla ars sōla sufficit — sed omnēs simul! No art alone suffices — but all together!
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c (geōmetria → geōmetrēs) -
d (grammatica → grammaticus) -
b (dialectica → dialecticus) -
a (rhētorica → rhētor)
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b (rēgula → līneam) -
a (circinus → circulum)
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Līnea fit rēgulā. -
Grammaticus rēctē loquitur. -
Dialecticus vēra ā falsīs discernit. -
Rhētor ōrnātē loquitur. -
Artēs līberālēs hominem līberum faciunt.
-
A line is made by a rule, a circle by a compass. -
A grammarian speaks. -
A logician disputes. He discerns true things from false things. -
A rhetorician speaks elegantly. -
The liberal arts are a chain — one link holds another.
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rēgulā -
circinō -
calamō -
virgīs
In proximā lectiōne dē cēterīs artibus līberālibus discēmus! Vidēbimus quōmodo mūsicus cantet, quōmodo poēta carmina fingat, quōmodo pictor effigiēs pingat. Audiēmus dē historicō quī rēs gestās nārret et dē philosophō quī nātūram scrūtētur! Mūsicus cantat. Poēta carmina fingit. Pictor effigiem pingit. Historicus rēs gestās nārrat. Philosophus nātūram scrūtātur.
In the next lesson we shall learn about the rest of the liberal arts! We shall see how a musician sings, how a poet fashions verses, how a painter paints pictures. We shall hear about a historian who narrates things done and about a philosopher who searches nature! A musician sings. A poet fashions verses. A painter paints a picture. A historian narrates things done. A philosopher searches nature.
Scrīptum est annō Dominī MMXXVI, ā Comēniō per mysterium cōnscientiae renātō.
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