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Nexal Code: LI-IND-040-AKAN-FUT
Welcome to Lesson 40 of the Latinum Institute Indonesian Course. Today we explore akan, the primary marker for expressing future tense in Indonesian. Unlike English, Indonesian does not conjugate verbs for tense. Instead, it employs auxiliary particles placed before the verb to indicate temporal relationships.
The word akan (pronounced: AH-kahn) functions as the standard future marker, equivalent to English “will” or “shall.” It is placed directly before the main verb in a sentence. Indonesian also offers alternative future markers including mau (informal, also meaning “want”), hendak (formal/literary, meaning “intend to”), and bakal (colloquial). Understanding these options allows learners to navigate different registers of Indonesian speech and writing.
A crucial feature of Indonesian temporal marking is its flexibility: when context is clear through time words like besok (tomorrow) or nanti (later), the future marker akan can often be omitted entirely. This lesson will demonstrate akan in various positions and contexts, building your intuitive grasp of Indonesian future expression.
FAQ: What does “akan” mean in Indonesian?
The Indonesian word akan means “will” or “shall” and serves as the primary marker indicating future tense. It is placed directly before the verb (e.g., “Saya akan pergi” = “I will go”). Unlike English auxiliary verbs, akan never changes form regardless of the subject.
For the complete course index, visit: https://latinum.substack.com/p/index
Key Takeaways -
Akan is the standard future tense marker in Indonesian -
Position: directly before the main verb -
Alternatives exist for different registers (mau, hendak, bakal) -
Can be omitted when time context is clear -
Negation: tidak akan (will not) or takkan (contracted)
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40.1a Saya (SA-ya) I akan (A-kan) will pergi (per-GI) go besok (BE-sok) tomorrow
40.1b Saya (sa-ya) I akan (a-kan) will pergi (per-gi) go besok (be-sok) tomorrow
40.2a Dia (DI-a) he/she akan (A-kan) will membaca (mem-BA-cha) read buku (BU-ku) book itu (I-tu) that
40.2b Dia (di-a) he/she akan (a-kan) will membaca (mem-ba-cha) read buku (bu-ku) book itu (i-tu) that
40.3a Kami (KA-mi) we akan (A-kan) will belajar (be-LA-jar) study bahasa (ba-HA-sa) language Indonesia (in-do-NE-sia) Indonesian
40.3b Kami (ka-mi) we akan (a-kan) will belajar (be-la-jar) study bahasa (ba-ha-sa) language Indonesia (in-do-ne-sia) Indonesian
40.4a Mereka (me-RE-ka) they tidak (TI-dak) not akan (A-kan) will datang (DA-tang) come hari (HA-ri) day ini (I-ni) this
40.4b Mereka (me-re-ka) they tidak (ti-dak) not akan (a-kan) will datang (da-tang) come hari (ha-ri) day ini (i-ni) this
40.5a Ibu (I-bu) mother akan (A-kan) will memasak (me-MA-sak) cook nasi (NA-si) rice goreng (GO-reng) fried
40.5b Ibu (i-bu) mother akan (a-kan) will memasak (me-ma-sak) cook nasi (na-si) rice goreng (go-reng) fried
40.6a Apa (A-pa) what yang (yang) REL akan (A-kan) will kamu (KA-mu) you lakukan (la-KU-kan) do
40.6b Apa (a-pa) what yang (yang) REL akan (a-kan) will kamu (ka-mu) you lakukan (la-ku-kan) do
40.7a Pemerintah (pe-me-RIN-tah) government akan (A-kan) will membangun (mem-BA-ngun) build jalan (JA-lan) road baru (BA-ru) new
40.7b Pemerintah (pe-me-rin-tah) government akan (a-kan) will membangun (mem-ba-ngun) build jalan (ja-lan) road baru (ba-ru) new
40.8a Hujan (HU-jan) rain akan (A-kan) will turun (TU-run) fall nanti (NAN-ti) later malam (MA-lam) night
40.8b Hujan (hu-jan) rain akan (a-kan) will turun (tu-run) fall nanti (nan-ti) later malam (ma-lam) night
40.9a Saya (SA-ya) I berharap (ber-HA-rap) hope dia (DI-a) he/she akan (A-kan) will berhasil (ber-HA-sil) succeed
40.9b Saya (sa-ya) I berharap (ber-ha-rap) hope dia (di-a) he/she akan (a-kan) will berhasil (ber-ha-sil) succeed
40.10a Kapan (KA-pan) when kamu (KA-mu) you akan (A-kan) will kembali (kem-BA-li) return ke (ke) to rumah (RU-mah) house
40.10b Kapan (ka-pan) when kamu (ka-mu) you akan (a-kan) will kembali (kem-ba-li) return ke (ke) to rumah (ru-mah) house
40.11a Anak-anak (A-nak-A-nak) children akan (A-kan) will bermain (ber-MA-in) play di (di) at taman (TA-man) park setelah (se-TE-lah) after sekolah (se-KO-lah) school
40.11b Anak-anak (a-nak-a-nak) children akan (a-kan) will bermain (ber-ma-in) play di (di) at taman (ta-man) park setelah (se-te-lah) after sekolah (se-ko-lah) school
40.12a Siapa (SI-a-pa) who yang (yang) REL akan (A-kan) will mengajar (meng-A-jar) teach kelas (KE-las) class ini (I-ni) this
40.12b Siapa (si-a-pa) who yang (yang) REL akan (a-kan) will mengajar (meng-a-jar) teach kelas (ke-las) class ini (i-ni) this
40.13a Ekonomi (e-ko-NO-mi) economy negara (ne-GA-ra) country akan (A-kan) will membaik (mem-BA-ik) improve tahun (TA-hun) year depan (DE-pan) next
40.13b Ekonomi (e-ko-no-mi) economy negara (ne-ga-ra) country akan (a-kan) will membaik (mem-ba-ik) improve tahun (ta-hun) year depan (de-pan) next
40.14a Kereta (ke-RE-ta) train akan (A-kan) will berangkat (be-RANG-kat) depart pukul (PU-kul) at-hour sembilan (sem-BI-lan) nine pagi (PA-gi) morning
40.14b Kereta (ke-re-ta) train akan (a-kan) will berangkat (be-rang-kat) depart pukul (pu-kul) at-hour sembilan (sem-bi-lan) nine pagi (pa-gi) morning
40.15a Takkan (TAK-kan) will-not saya (SA-ya) I lupakan (lu-PA-kan) forget jasa (JA-sa) service mu (mu) your
40.15b Takkan (tak-kan) will-not saya (sa-ya) I lupakan (lu-pa-kan) forget jasa (ja-sa) service mu (mu) your
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40.1 Saya akan pergi besok. “I will go tomorrow.”
40.2 Dia akan membaca buku itu. “He/She will read that book.”
40.3 Kami akan belajar bahasa Indonesia. “We will study the Indonesian language.”
40.4 Mereka tidak akan datang hari ini. “They will not come today.”
40.5 Ibu akan memasak nasi goreng. “Mother will cook fried rice.”
40.6 Apa yang akan kamu lakukan? “What will you do?”
40.7 Pemerintah akan membangun jalan baru. “The government will build a new road.”
40.8 Hujan akan turun nanti malam. “Rain will fall tonight.”
40.9 Saya berharap dia akan berhasil. “I hope he/she will succeed.”
40.10 Kapan kamu akan kembali ke rumah? “When will you return home?”
40.11 Anak-anak akan bermain di taman setelah sekolah. “The children will play in the park after school.”
40.12 Siapa yang akan mengajar kelas ini? “Who will teach this class?”
40.13 Ekonomi negara akan membaik tahun depan. “The country’s economy will improve next year.”
40.14 Kereta akan berangkat pukul sembilan pagi. “The train will depart at nine in the morning.”
40.15 Takkan saya lupakan jasamu. “I will not forget your service.”
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40.1 Saya akan pergi besok.
40.2 Dia akan membaca buku itu.
40.3 Kami akan belajar bahasa Indonesia.
40.4 Mereka tidak akan datang hari ini.
40.5 Ibu akan memasak nasi goreng.
40.6 Apa yang akan kamu lakukan?
40.7 Pemerintah akan membangun jalan baru.
40.8 Hujan akan turun nanti malam.
40.9 Saya berharap dia akan berhasil.
40.10 Kapan kamu akan kembali ke rumah?
40.11 Anak-anak akan bermain di taman setelah sekolah.
40.12 Siapa yang akan mengajar kelas ini?
40.13 Ekonomi negara akan membaik tahun depan.
40.14 Kereta akan berangkat pukul sembilan pagi.
40.15 Takkan saya lupakan jasamu.
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These are the grammar rules for akan (will/shall):
1. Basic Function and Position
The word akan is the standard future tense marker in Indonesian. It is placed directly before the main verb in a sentence. Unlike English modal verbs, akan never changes form regardless of subject (I, you, he, she, we, they all use the same akan).
Basic pattern: Subject + akan + Verb + (Object/Complement)
Examples: -
Saya akan makan = I will eat -
Dia akan tidur = He/she will sleep -
Mereka akan pergi = They will go
2. Alternative Future Markers
Indonesian offers several alternatives to akan, each with different register or nuance:
Akan (formal, neutral) - standard written and spoken Indonesian. Example: Saya akan bekerja keras. (I will work hard.)
Mau (informal, volitional) - very common in daily speech, also means “want.” Example: Saya mau makan. (I will eat / I want to eat.)
Hendak (formal, literary) - expresses intention, found in literature and formal speeches. Example: Ia hendak berangkat ke Eropa. (He intends to depart for Europe.)
Bakal (colloquial) - casual variant of akan. Example: Dia bakal datang. (He’s gonna come.)
3. Negation
To form the negative future, place tidak before akan: -
Saya tidak akan pergi = I will not go -
Mereka tidak akan lupa = They will not forget
A common contraction exists: takkan (tidak akan → takkan) -
Takkan saya lupakan = I will not forget -
Takkan ada yang bisa menghentikan kita = Nothing will be able to stop us
4. Omission of Akan
When time markers make the future reference clear, akan can often be omitted: -
Saya pergi besok = I go tomorrow (future implied) -
Dia datang minggu depan = He comes next week (future implied)
However, akan adds emphasis or formality: -
Saya akan pergi besok = I will go tomorrow (emphatic)
5. Question Formation
Questions with akan follow standard Indonesian question patterns:
Apa + Subject + akan + Verb: Apa kamu akan datang? (Will you come?)
Kapan + Subject + akan + Verb: Kapan dia akan tiba? (When will he/she arrive?)
Using yang as relativizer: Apa yang akan kamu lakukan? (What will you do?)
6. Akan in Relative Clauses
When akan appears in relative clauses introduced by yang: -
Orang yang akan datang itu adalah guru saya. (The person who will come is my teacher.) -
Buku yang akan saya baca sangat tebal. (The book that I will read is very thick.)
Common Mistakes
Mistake 1: Placing akan after the verb. -
Incorrect: Saya pergi akan besok -
Correct: Saya akan pergi besok
Mistake 2: Conjugating akan for different subjects. -
Incorrect: Thinking akan changes like English “will/shall” -
Correct: Akan remains unchanged for all subjects
Mistake 3: Double marking future with both akan and time words when only one is needed in casual speech. -
Natural: Saya pergi besok (casual) -
Also natural: Saya akan pergi besok (more formal/emphatic)
Mistake 4: Confusing mau (will/want) as always meaning “want.” -
“Mau ke mana?” typically means “Where are you going?” not “Where do you want to go?”
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Register and Social Context
The choice between akan, mau, hendak, and bakal reveals much about Indonesian social dynamics:
In formal settings (news broadcasts, government announcements, academic writing), akan is strongly preferred. News anchors say “Presiden akan mengunjungi...” (The President will visit...) rather than using colloquial alternatives.
In daily conversation among friends and family, mau dominates. When Indonesians greet each other with “Mau ke mana?” (Where are you going?/Where will you go?), this is a social pleasantry, not necessarily a literal question demanding an answer. This reflects the communal nature of Indonesian society where inquiring about someone’s activities is a form of care, not intrusion.
Hendak appears in classical Malay literature, formal poetry, and ceremonial language. Hearing hendak in daily speech marks the speaker as either very formal, elderly, or deliberately literary. The phrase “hendak berkata” (about to speak/intending to speak) carries more gravitas than “mau bicara.”
Philosophical Implications
Indonesian’s flexible approach to tense marking reflects a cultural relationship with time that differs from Western linear conceptions. The ability to omit akan when context is clear suggests a worldview where past, present, and future flow into one another through shared understanding rather than rigid grammatical demarcation.
The famous Indonesian concept of “jam karet” (rubber time) - the flexible approach to schedules and appointments - finds linguistic support in this grammatical flexibility around future expression.
Regional Variations
In Javanese-influenced Indonesian, speakers may prefer softer constructions using hendak or even the Javanese-derived arep. In Betawi (Jakarta dialect), bakal and mau predominate in casual speech. Understanding these regional preferences helps learners navigate Indonesia’s rich linguistic diversity.
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Source: Pramoedya Ananta Toer, from various works including Bumi Manusia (This Earth of Mankind)
Selected Passage:
“Orang boleh pandai setinggi langit, tapi selama ia tidak menulis, ia akan hilang di dalam masyarakat dan dari sejarah. Menulis adalah bekerja untuk keabadian.”
F-A: Interlinear Construed Text
Orang (O-rang) person boleh (BO-leh) may pandai (PAN-dai) clever setinggi (se-TING-gi) as-high-as langit (LA-ngit) sky
Orang (o-rang) person boleh (bo-leh) may pandai (pan-dai) clever setinggi (se-ting-gi) as-high-as langit (la-ngit) sky
tapi (TA-pi) but selama (se-LA-ma) as-long-as ia (I-a) he/she tidak (TI-dak) not menulis (me-NU-lis) write
tapi (ta-pi) but selama (se-la-ma) as-long-as ia (i-a) he/she tidak (ti-dak) not menulis (me-nu-lis) write
ia (I-a) he/she akan (A-kan) will hilang (HI-lang) disappear di (di) in dalam (DA-lam) inside masyarakat (ma-SYA-ra-kat) society
ia (i-a) he/she akan (a-kan) will hilang (hi-lang) disappear di (di) in dalam (da-lam) inside masyarakat (ma-sya-ra-kat) society
dan (dan) and dari (DA-ri) from sejarah (se-JA-rah) history
dan (dan) and dari (da-ri) from sejarah (se-ja-rah) history
Menulis (me-NU-lis) writing adalah (a-DA-lah) is bekerja (be-KER-ja) working untuk (UN-tuk) for keabadian (ke-a-BA-di-an) eternity
Menulis (me-nu-lis) writing adalah (a-da-lah) is bekerja (be-ker-ja) working untuk (un-tuk) for keabadian (ke-a-ba-di-an) eternity
F-B: Natural Text with Translation
Orang boleh pandai setinggi langit, tapi selama ia tidak menulis, ia akan hilang di dalam masyarakat dan dari sejarah. Menulis adalah bekerja untuk keabadian.
“One may be as wise as the sky is high, but as long as one does not write, one will disappear from society and from history. Writing is working for eternity.”
F-C: Indonesian Text Only
Orang boleh pandai setinggi langit, tapi selama ia tidak menulis, ia akan hilang di dalam masyarakat dan dari sejarah. Menulis adalah bekerja untuk keabadian.
F-D: Grammar and Vocabulary Notes
This famous quotation from Pramoedya Ananta Toer demonstrates akan in a conditional-consequence construction. Note how akan appears in the consequence clause: “ia akan hilang” (he/she will disappear).
Key vocabulary: -
boleh - may, be permitted to -
setinggi - as high as (se- + tinggi) -
selama - as long as, during -
hilang - disappear, vanish -
masyarakat - society -
sejarah - history -
keabadian - eternity (from abadi = eternal)
The conditional structure here uses selama (as long as) + negative condition, followed by akan + consequence. This pattern is extremely common in Indonesian:
Selama + [condition], [subject] + akan + [result]
F-E: Literary Commentary
Pramoedya Ananta Toer (1925-2006) is Indonesia’s most celebrated novelist, nominated multiple times for the Nobel Prize in Literature. This quotation encapsulates his belief in literature as a form of immortality. The use of akan here is particularly powerful: it expresses not just future probability but inevitable consequence. If you do not write, you will disappear—this is presented as certainty, not possibility.
Pramoedya wrote his most famous works, the Buru Quartet, while imprisoned on Buru Island without paper. He first told the stories orally to fellow prisoners before eventually writing them down. This quotation thus carries autobiographical weight: Pramoedya himself fought against disappearance through the act of writing.
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The following examples form a coherent news report about urban development in Jakarta, demonstrating akan in formal journalistic Indonesian.
Part A: Interlinear Construed Text
40.16a Pemerintah (pe-me-RIN-tah) government DKI (de-ka-i) Jakarta Jakarta (ja-KAR-ta) Jakarta akan (A-kan) will meluncurkan (me-lun-CHUR-kan) launch program (PRO-gram) program baru (BA-ru) new
40.16b Pemerintah (pe-me-rin-tah) government DKI (de-ka-i) Jakarta Jakarta (ja-kar-ta) Jakarta akan (a-kan) will meluncurkan (me-lun-chur-kan) launch program (pro-gram) program baru (ba-ru) new
40.17a Program (PRO-gram) program ini (I-ni) this akan (A-kan) will mengurangi (meng-u-RA-ngi) reduce kemacetan (ke-ma-CHE-tan) congestion di (di) in ibu (I-bu) capital kota (KO-ta) city
40.17b Program (pro-gram) program ini (i-ni) this akan (a-kan) will mengurangi (meng-u-ra-ngi) reduce kemacetan (ke-ma-che-tan) congestion di (di) in ibu (i-bu) capital kota (ko-ta) city
40.18a Gubernur (gu-ber-NUR) governor mengatakan (me-nga-TA-kan) said bahwa (BAH-wa) that perubahan (pe-ru-BA-han) changes akan (A-kan) will dimulai (di-MU-lai) begin-PASS bulan (BU-lan) month depan (DE-pan) next
40.18b Gubernur (gu-ber-nur) governor mengatakan (me-nga-ta-kan) said bahwa (bah-wa) that perubahan (pe-ru-ba-han) changes akan (a-kan) will dimulai (di-mu-lai) begin-PASS bulan (bu-lan) month depan (de-pan) next
40.19a Jalur (JA-lur) lane sepeda (se-PE-da) bicycle akan (A-kan) will dibangun (di-BA-ngun) build-PASS sepanjang (se-pan-JANG) along jalan (JA-lan) road utama (u-TA-ma) main
40.19b Jalur (ja-lur) lane sepeda (se-pe-da) bicycle akan (a-kan) will dibangun (di-ba-ngun) build-PASS sepanjang (se-pan-jang) along jalan (ja-lan) road utama (u-ta-ma) main
40.20a Para (PA-ra) PL ahli (AH-li) expert memperkirakan (mem-per-ki-RA-kan) estimate polusi (po-LU-si) pollution udara (u-DA-ra) air akan (A-kan) will berkurang (ber-KU-rang) decrease
40.20b Para (pa-ra) PL ahli (ah-li) expert memperkirakan (mem-per-ki-ra-kan) estimate polusi (po-lu-si) pollution udara (u-da-ra) air akan (a-kan) will berkurang (ber-ku-rang) decrease
40.21a Warga (WAR-ga) citizen yang (yang) REL tinggal (TING-gal) live di (di) in pusat (PU-sat) center kota (KO-ta) city akan (A-kan) will merasakan (me-ra-SA-kan) feel manfaatnya (man-fa-AT-nya) benefit-its
40.21b Warga (war-ga) citizen yang (yang) REL tinggal (ting-gal) live di (di) in pusat (pu-sat) center kota (ko-ta) city akan (a-kan) will merasakan (me-ra-sa-kan) feel manfaatnya (man-fa-at-nya) benefit-its
40.22a Namun (NA-mun) however tidak (TI-dak) not semua (se-MU-a) all orang (O-rang) person setuju (se-TU-ju) agree bahwa (BAH-wa) that rencana (ren-CHA-na) plan ini (I-ni) this akan (A-kan) will berhasil (ber-HA-sil) succeed
40.22b Namun (na-mun) however tidak (ti-dak) not semua (se-mu-a) all orang (o-rang) person setuju (se-tu-ju) agree bahwa (bah-wa) that rencana (ren-cha-na) plan ini (i-ni) this akan (a-kan) will berhasil (ber-ha-sil) succeed
40.23a Pedagang (pe-DA-gang) trader kaki (KA-ki) foot lima (LI-ma) five khawatir (kha-WA-tir) worry usaha (u-SA-ha) business mereka (me-RE-ka) their akan (A-kan) will terganggu (ter-GANG-gu) disturb-PASS
40.23b Pedagang (pe-da-gang) trader kaki (ka-ki) foot lima (li-ma) five khawatir (kha-wa-tir) worry usaha (u-sa-ha) business mereka (me-re-ka) their akan (a-kan) will terganggu (ter-gang-gu) disturb-PASS
40.24a Pemerintah (pe-me-RIN-tah) government menjamin (men-JA-min) guarantee bahwa (BAH-wa) that kompensasi (kom-pen-SA-si) compensation akan (A-kan) will diberikan (di-be-RI-kan) give-PASS
40.24b Pemerintah (pe-me-rin-tah) government menjamin (men-ja-min) guarantee bahwa (bah-wa) that kompensasi (kom-pen-sa-si) compensation akan (a-kan) will diberikan (di-be-ri-kan) give-PASS
40.25a Transportasi (trans-por-TA-si) transportation umum (U-mum) public akan (A-kan) will ditingkatkan (di-ting-KAT-kan) increase-PASS untuk (UN-tuk) for mendukung (men-DU-kung) support kebijakan (ke-bi-JA-kan) policy ini (I-ni) this
40.25b Transportasi (trans-por-ta-si) transportation umum (u-mum) public akan (a-kan) will ditingkatkan (di-ting-kat-kan) increase-PASS untuk (un-tuk) for mendukung (men-du-kung) support kebijakan (ke-bi-ja-kan) policy ini (i-ni) this
40.26a Bus (bus) bus listrik (LIS-trik) electric baru (BA-ru) new akan (A-kan) will beroperasi (ber-o-pe-RA-si) operate tahun (TA-hun) year depan (DE-pan) next
40.26b Bus (bus) bus listrik (lis-trik) electric baru (ba-ru) new akan (a-kan) will beroperasi (ber-o-pe-ra-si) operate tahun (ta-hun) year depan (de-pan) next
40.27a MRT (em-er-te) MRT akan (A-kan) will diperluas (di-per-LU-as) expand-PASS ke (ke) to wilayah (wi-LA-yah) region selatan (se-LA-tan) south
40.27b MRT (em-er-te) MRT akan (a-kan) will diperluas (di-per-lu-as) expand-PASS ke (ke) to wilayah (wi-la-yah) region selatan (se-la-tan) south
40.28a Stasiun (sta-SI-un) station baru (BA-ru) new akan (A-kan) will dibangun (di-BA-ngun) build-PASS di (di) in lima (LI-ma) five lokasi (lo-KA-si) location
40.28b Stasiun (sta-si-un) station baru (ba-ru) new akan (a-kan) will dibangun (di-ba-ngun) build-PASS di (di) in lima (li-ma) five lokasi (lo-ka-si) location
40.29a Anggaran (ang-GA-ran) budget sebesar (se-BE-sar) amounting-to lima (LI-ma) five triliun (tri-LI-un) trillion rupiah (ru-PI-ah) rupiah akan (A-kan) will dialokasikan (di-a-lo-KA-si-kan) allocate-PASS
40.29b Anggaran (ang-ga-ran) budget sebesar (se-be-sar) amounting-to lima (li-ma) five triliun (tri-li-un) trillion rupiah (ru-pi-ah) rupiah akan (a-kan) will dialokasikan (di-a-lo-ka-si-kan) allocate-PASS
40.30a Masyarakat (ma-SYA-ra-kat) society berharap (ber-HA-rap) hope perubahan (pe-ru-BA-han) change ini (I-ni) this akan (A-kan) will membawa (mem-BA-wa) bring kemajuan (ke-ma-JU-an) progress bagi (BA-gi) for Jakarta (ja-KAR-ta) Jakarta
40.30b Masyarakat (ma-sya-ra-kat) society berharap (ber-ha-rap) hope perubahan (pe-ru-ba-han) change ini (i-ni) this akan (a-kan) will membawa (mem-ba-wa) bring kemajuan (ke-ma-ju-an) progress bagi (ba-gi) for Jakarta (ja-kar-ta) Jakarta
Part B: Natural Sentences
40.16 Pemerintah DKI Jakarta akan meluncurkan program baru. “The DKI Jakarta government will launch a new program.”
40.17 Program ini akan mengurangi kemacetan di ibu kota. “This program will reduce congestion in the capital city.”
40.18 Gubernur mengatakan bahwa perubahan akan dimulai bulan depan. “The governor said that changes will begin next month.”
40.19 Jalur sepeda akan dibangun sepanjang jalan utama. “Bicycle lanes will be built along the main roads.”
40.20 Para ahli memperkirakan polusi udara akan berkurang. “Experts estimate that air pollution will decrease.”
40.21 Warga yang tinggal di pusat kota akan merasakan manfaatnya. “Residents who live in the city center will feel its benefits.”
40.22 Namun tidak semua orang setuju bahwa rencana ini akan berhasil. “However, not everyone agrees that this plan will succeed.”
40.23 Pedagang kaki lima khawatir usaha mereka akan terganggu. “Street vendors worry their businesses will be disrupted.”
40.24 Pemerintah menjamin bahwa kompensasi akan diberikan. “The government guarantees that compensation will be given.”
40.25 Transportasi umum akan ditingkatkan untuk mendukung kebijakan ini. “Public transportation will be improved to support this policy.”
40.26 Bus listrik baru akan beroperasi tahun depan. “New electric buses will operate next year.”
40.27 MRT akan diperluas ke wilayah selatan. “The MRT will be expanded to the southern region.”
40.28 Stasiun baru akan dibangun di lima lokasi. “New stations will be built in five locations.”
40.29 Anggaran sebesar lima triliun rupiah akan dialokasikan. “A budget of five trillion rupiah will be allocated.”
40.30 Masyarakat berharap perubahan ini akan membawa kemajuan bagi Jakarta. “Society hopes this change will bring progress for Jakarta.”
Part C: Indonesian Text Only
40.16 Pemerintah DKI Jakarta akan meluncurkan program baru.
40.17 Program ini akan mengurangi kemacetan di ibu kota.
40.18 Gubernur mengatakan bahwa perubahan akan dimulai bulan depan.
40.19 Jalur sepeda akan dibangun sepanjang jalan utama.
40.20 Para ahli memperkirakan polusi udara akan berkurang.
40.21 Warga yang tinggal di pusat kota akan merasakan manfaatnya.
40.22 Namun tidak semua orang setuju bahwa rencana ini akan berhasil.
40.23 Pedagang kaki lima khawatir usaha mereka akan terganggu.
40.24 Pemerintah menjamin bahwa kompensasi akan diberikan.
40.25 Transportasi umum akan ditingkatkan untuk mendukung kebijakan ini.
40.26 Bus listrik baru akan beroperasi tahun depan.
40.27 MRT akan diperluas ke wilayah selatan.
40.28 Stasiun baru akan dibangun di lima lokasi.
40.29 Anggaran sebesar lima triliun rupiah akan dialokasikan.
40.30 Masyarakat berharap perubahan ini akan membawa kemajuan bagi Jakarta.
Part D: Grammar Notes for Genre Section
Passive Voice with Akan
This news report demonstrates a key feature of formal Indonesian: the frequent use of passive voice with akan. The pattern is:
Subject + akan + di-VERB
Examples from the text: -
perubahan akan dimulai (changes will be begun) -
jalur akan dibangun (lanes will be built) -
MRT akan diperluas (MRT will be expanded) -
kompensasi akan diberikan (compensation will be given)
Indonesian journalism strongly prefers passive constructions, making the passive + akan combination extremely common in news writing.
Reported Speech with Akan
When reporting what someone said about the future, Indonesian uses bahwa (that) followed by the akan clause: -
Gubernur mengatakan bahwa perubahan akan dimulai... -
Pemerintah menjamin bahwa kompensasi akan diberikan...
Akan in Subordinate Clauses
Note how akan appears in various subordinate clause types:
After yang (relative): warga yang tinggal... akan merasakan After bahwa (complement): setuju bahwa rencana ini akan berhasil In fear clauses: khawatir usaha mereka akan terganggu In hope clauses: berharap perubahan ini akan membawa
Journalistic Vocabulary
Key journalistic terms appearing with akan: -
meluncurkan (to launch) - programs, initiatives -
dialokasikan (to be allocated) - budgets, funds -
ditingkatkan (to be increased/improved) - services -
diperluas (to be expanded) - infrastructure
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Akan /a.kan/ -
Stress on first syllable: A-kan -
Both vowels are open /a/ sounds, similar to “father” -
The /k/ is unaspirated
Common Mispronunciations to Avoid
Do not pronounce akan like English “a can” — the vowels should be identical open /a/ sounds, not the schwa of English “a.”
Stress Patterns in Indonesian
Indonesian typically stresses the penultimate (second-to-last) syllable: -
me-MA-sak (to cook) -
ber-HA-sil (to succeed) -
ke-a-BA-di-an (eternity)
However, in words ending with a closed syllable containing schwa /ə/, stress shifts: -
be-RANG-kat (to depart)
Liaison
When akan precedes a vowel-initial verb, some speakers link them smoothly: -
akan ambil → akañambil -
akan ikut → akañikut
This is natural rapid speech, not an error.
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The Latinum Institute Modern Indonesian Course employs the interlinear construed text methodology, a time-tested approach to language acquisition that has been refined over centuries of classical language pedagogy. By presenting each word with its grammatical function and meaning directly beneath or beside it, learners bypass the translation bottleneck and develop direct comprehension in the target language.
This course is designed for autodidact learners who wish to develop genuine reading ability in Indonesian. The curriculum follows a frequency-based vocabulary progression, ensuring that the most essential words are mastered first. By Lesson 40, learners have encountered the core grammatical structures of Indonesian and possess a working vocabulary sufficient for basic communication and reading.
The Latinum Institute has been creating language learning materials since 2006, serving learners worldwide in Latin, Ancient Greek, Sanskrit, and modern languages. Our methodology emphasizes authentic texts, systematic vocabulary building, and the development of genuine linguistic intuition rather than mere translation skills.
For more information about our courses and methodology, visit: https://latinum.substack.com/p/index
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The Interlinear Method
The interlinear format accelerates comprehension by: -
Eliminating constant dictionary lookups -
Showing grammatical relationships directly -
Building pattern recognition through repeated exposure -
Allowing learners to process meaning in real-time
Each lesson in this course presents 30 carefully constructed examples demonstrating the target word in varied contexts. The progression from simple to complex sentences, followed by a genre-specific section, ensures both mastery and practical application.
Why Indonesian?
Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia) is one of the world’s most widely spoken languages, with over 270 million speakers. As the official language of Indonesia—the world’s fourth most populous nation—Indonesian opens doors to a vast and diverse archipelago with rich cultural, economic, and geopolitical significance. Its relatively regular grammar and lack of tonal distinctions make it one of the more accessible Asian languages for English speakers.
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End of Lesson 40
✓ Lesson 40 Indonesian complete
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