← Latin for Lawyers, Judges and Notaries Public
8.1 Ille that iūdex judge sententiam sentence scrībit writes
8.2 Illa that lēx law sevēra strict est is
8.3 Illud that testāmentum will validum valid est is
8.4 Illum that contractum contract signat signs
8.5 Illam that causam case dēfendit defends
8.6 Illō by that iūre law ūtimur we use
8.7 Illī to that testī witness crēdimus we believe
8.8 Illōs those rēōs defendants accūsat he accuses
8.9 Illās those epistulās letters scrībunt they write
8.10 Illa those documenta documents legunt they read
8.11 Illīus of that causae case exitus outcome incertus uncertain est is
8.12 Illī those advocātī lawyers sapientēs wise sunt are
8.13 Illās those lēgēs laws servāre to observe dēbēmus we ought
8.14 Illud that crīmen crime grave serious est is
8.15 Illōrum of those testimōnia testimonies crēdibilia credible sunt are
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8.1 Ille iūdex sententiam scrībit. That judge writes the sentence.
8.2 Illa lēx sevēra est. That law is strict.
8.3 Illud testāmentum validum est. That will is valid.
8.4 Illum contractum signat. He signs that contract.
8.5 Illam causam dēfendit. He defends that case.
8.6 Illō iūre ūtimur. We use that law.
8.7 Illī testī crēdimus. We believe that witness.
8.8 Illōs rēōs accūsat. He accuses those defendants.
8.9 Illās epistulās scrībunt. They write those letters.
8.10 Illa documenta legunt. They read those documents.
8.11 Illīus causae exitus incertus est. The outcome of that case is uncertain.
8.12 Illī advocātī sapientēs sunt. Those lawyers are wise.
8.13 Illās lēgēs servāre dēbēmus. We ought to observe those laws.
8.14 Illud crīmen grave est. That crime is serious.
8.15 Illōrum testimōnia crēdibilia sunt. Their testimonies are credible.
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8.1 Ille iūdex sententiam scrībit.
8.2 Illa lēx sevēra est.
8.3 Illud testāmentum validum est.
8.4 Illum contractum signat.
8.5 Illam causam dēfendit.
8.6 Illō iūre ūtimur.
8.7 Illī testī crēdimus.
8.8 Illōs rēōs accūsat.
8.9 Illās epistulās scrībunt.
8.10 Illa documenta legunt.
8.11 Illīus causae exitus incertus est.
8.12 Illī advocātī sapientēs sunt.
8.13 Illās lēgēs servāre dēbēmus.
8.14 Illud crīmen grave est.
8.15 Illōrum testimōnia crēdibilia sunt.
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"Ille, illa, illud" is a demonstrative pronoun meaning "that" (plural "those"). For English speakers, it's helpful to understand its forms through these key points: -
Gender Forms: -
Masculine: ille -
Feminine: illa -
Neuter: illud -
Case System (like English pronouns "he/him/his"): -
Nominative (subject): ille, illa, illud -
Accusative (object): illum, illam, illud -
Genitive (possession): illīus (all genders) -
Dative (indirect object): illī (all genders) -
Ablative (with/by/from): illō, illā, illō -
Number: -
Singular: forms above -
Plural: -
Nominative: illī (m), illae (f), illa (n) -
Accusative: illōs (m), illās (f), illa (n) -
Genitive: illōrum (m/n), illārum (f) -
Dative/Ablative: illīs (all genders)
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For English-speaking law students and professionals, understanding "ille, illa, illud" in Roman legal contexts is crucial: -
Legal Documentation: -
Used in legal texts to refer to specific items or persons previously mentioned -
Critical in wills and contracts for clear reference -
Essential in court proceedings for precise identification -
Historical Usage: -
Found throughout Roman legal codes -
Used in Justinian's Digest and Institutes -
Important in notarial documents -
Modern Legal Latin: -
Still used in modern legal Latin phrases -
Important for understanding legal precedents -
Used in international law terminology
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From Gaius' Institutes (1.1):
Illī those quī who lēgēs laws scrībunt write
"Illī quī lēgēs scrībunt" - "Those who write the laws"
This phrase demonstrates the use of "ille" in legal writing, specifically referring to legislators.
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"Illī" is nominative plural masculine -
Used as the subject of "scrībunt" -
Followed by relative clause "quī"
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8.16 Ille that praetor praetor in in tribunālī tribunal sedet sits
8.17 Illa that testimōnia testimonies vēra true esse to be vidēntur seem
8.18 Illud that iūdicium judgment iūstum just et and aequum fair erat was
8.19 Illī to that causae case multī many testēs witnesses adsunt are present
8.20 Illās those probātiōnēs proofs iūdex judge exāminat examines
8.21 Illōrum of those testium witnesses dictā statements scrība clerk nōtat notes
8.22 Illō by that tempore time reus defendant sē himself dēfendēbat was defending
8.23 Illum that advocātum lawyer senātus senate laudat praises
8.24 Illae those quaestiōnēs questions difficilēs difficult erant were
8.25 Illī those iūdicēs judges causam case attentē carefully audiunt hear
8.26 Illud that testimōnium testimony gravissimum most serious erat was
8.27 Illās those lēgēs laws senātus senate nūper recently scrīpsit wrote
8.28 Illīus of that advocātī lawyer's ōrātiō speech excellēns excellent erat was
8.29 Illī to that sentententiae verdict omnēs all cōnsentiunt agree
8.30 Illōs those lītigantēs litigants praetor praetor audit hears
8.16 Ille praetor in tribunālī sedet. That praetor sits in the tribunal.
8.17 Illa testimōnia vēra esse vidēntur. Those testimonies seem to be true.
8.18 Illud iūdicium iūstum et aequum erat. That judgment was just and fair.
8.19 Illī causae multī testēs adsunt. Many witnesses are present for that case.
8.20 Illās probātiōnēs iūdex exāminat. The judge examines those proofs.
8.21 Illōrum testium dictā scrība nōtat. The clerk notes the statements of those witnesses.
8.22 Illō tempore reus sē dēfendēbat. At that time the defendant was defending himself.
8.23 Illum advocātum senātus laudat. The senate praises that lawyer.
8.24 Illae quaestiōnēs difficilēs erant. Those questions were difficult.
8.25 Illī iūdicēs causam attentē audiunt. Those judges hear the case carefully.
8.26 Illud testimōnium gravissimum erat. That testimony was most serious.
8.27 Illās lēgēs senātus nūper scrīpsit. The senate recently wrote those laws.
8.28 Illīus advocātī ōrātiō excellēns erat. That lawyer's speech was excellent.
8.29 Illī sentententiae omnēs cōnsentiunt. All agree to that verdict.
8.30 Illōs lītigantēs praetor audit. The praetor hears those litigants.
8.16 Ille praetor in tribunālī sedet.
8.17 Illa testimōnia vēra esse vidēntur.
8.18 Illud iūdicium iūstum et aequum erat.
8.19 Illī causae multī testēs adsunt.
8.20 Illās probātiōnēs iūdex exāminat.
8.21 Illōrum testium dictā scrība nōtat.
8.22 Illō tempore reus sē dēfendēbat.
8.23 Illum advocātum senātus laudat.
8.24 Illae quaestiōnēs difficilēs erant.
8.25 Illī iūdicēs causam attentē audiunt.
8.26 Illud testimōnium gravissimum erat.
8.27 Illās lēgēs senātus nūper scrīpsit.
8.28 Illīus advocātī ōrātiō excellēns erat.
8.29 Illī sentententiae omnēs cōnsentiunt.
8.30 Illōs lītigantēs praetor audit.
In legal Latin, "ille, illa, illud" serves several specific functions: -
Formal Reference: -
Used to refer to previously mentioned legal parties -
Indicates specific documents or evidence -
References particular laws or statutes -
Legal Precision: -
Distinguishes between multiple parties or items -
Creates clear legal record -
Avoids ambiguity in proceedings -
Common Legal Phrases: -
"illō tempore" (at that time) - temporal references -
"illā lēge" (by that law) - citing specific statutes -
"illud crīmen" (that crime) - criminal proceedings -
"illī testī" (to that witness) - witness testimony -
"illae probātiōnēs" (those proofs) - evidence presentation -
Special Legal Uses: -
In contracts: identifying specific parties and terms -
In wills: designating particular heirs or bequests -
In judgments: referring to specific findings -
In legal citations: referencing precedents -
Syntactic Patterns in Legal Latin: -
Position before nouns for emphasis -
Agreement with legal technical terms -
Use in formal legal pronouncements -
Combination with relative clauses
Remember: In legal Latin, precision in using demonstratives is crucial for accurate interpretation and application of law.
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