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72.1 Puer boy neque neither legere to read neque nor scrībere to write potest is able
72.2 Hostēs enemies castra camp nostra our neque not vīdērunt saw neque nor audīvērunt heard
72.3 Senex old man neque neither edere to eat neque nor bibere to drink vult wishes
72.4 Mīles soldier neque not gladium sword neque nor scūtum shield habet has
72.5 Agricola farmer neque neither equum horse neque nor bovem ox vendidit sold
72.6 Discipulus student neque neither vēnit came neque nor respondit answered
72.7 Māter mother neque neither fīlium son neque nor fīliam daughter videt sees
72.8 Sapientēs wise men neque neither aurum gold neque nor argentum silver quaerunt seek
72.9 Magister teacher neque neither librum book neque nor epistulam letter scrībit writes
72.10 Puella girl neque neither cantat sings neque nor saltat dances
72.11 Servus slave neque neither dormit sleeps neque nor vigilat stays awake
72.12 Nauta sailor neque neither caelum sky neque nor mare sea timet fears
72.13 Mercātor merchant neque neither emit bought neque nor vēndidit sold hodiē today
72.14 Poēta poet neque neither carmina poems neque nor fābulās stories nārrat tells
72.15 Rex king neque neither amīcōs friends neque nor hostēs enemies habet has
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72.1 Puer neque legere neque scrībere potest. The boy can neither read nor write.
72.2 Hostēs castra nostra neque vīdērunt neque audīvērunt. The enemies neither saw nor heard our camp.
72.3 Senex neque edere neque bibere vult. The old man wishes neither to eat nor to drink.
72.4 Mīles neque gladium neque scūtum habet. The soldier has neither sword nor shield.
72.5 Agricola neque equum neque bovem vendidit. The farmer sold neither horse nor ox.
72.6 Discipulus neque vēnit neque respondit. The student neither came nor answered.
72.7 Māter neque fīlium neque fīliam videt. The mother sees neither son nor daughter.
72.8 Sapientēs neque aurum neque argentum quaerunt. The wise men seek neither gold nor silver.
72.9 Magister neque librum neque epistulam scrībit. The teacher writes neither book nor letter.
72.10 Puella neque cantat neque saltat. The girl neither sings nor dances.
72.11 Servus neque dormit neque vigilat. The slave neither sleeps nor stays awake.
72.12 Nauta neque caelum neque mare timet. The sailor fears neither sky nor sea.
72.13 Mercātor neque emit neque vēndidit hodiē. The merchant neither bought nor sold today.
72.14 Poēta neque carmina neque fābulās nārrat. The poet tells neither poems nor stories.
72.15 Rex neque amīcōs neque hostēs habet. The king has neither friends nor enemies.
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72.1 Puer neque legere neque scrībere potest.
72.2 Hostēs castra nostra neque vīdērunt neque audīvērunt.
72.3 Senex neque edere neque bibere vult.
72.4 Mīles neque gladium neque scūtum habet.
72.5 Agricola neque equum neque bovem vendidit.
72.6 Discipulus neque vēnit neque respondit.
72.7 Māter neque fīlium neque fīliam videt.
72.8 Sapientēs neque aurum neque argentum quaerunt.
72.9 Magister neque librum neque epistulam scrībit.
72.10 Puella neque cantat neque saltat.
72.11 Servus neque dormit neque vigilat.
72.12 Nauta neque caelum neque mare timet.
72.13 Mercātor neque emit neque vēndidit hodiē.
72.14 Poēta neque carmina neque fābulās nārrat.
72.15 Rex neque amīcōs neque hostēs habet.
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The conjunction "neque" (or "nec") has several important features for English speakers to understand: -
Basic Usage: -
Means "and not" or "nor" -
Can be used singly or in pairs -
When paired: "neque...neque" means "neither...nor" -
Often connects similar grammatical elements -
Position: -
Usually placed immediately before the word or phrase it negates -
In pairs, placed before each element being connected -
Can begin a sentence for emphasis -
Common Patterns: -
With verbs: "neque legit neque scrībit" -
With nouns: "neque pater neque māter" -
With infinitives: "neque vidēre neque audīre" -
With adjectives: "neque magnus neque parvus" -
Special Uses: -
Can strengthen a negative: "nōn...neque" -
Can continue a negative idea: "nōn vēnit neque respondit" -
Sometimes means "also not" -
Can introduce a new sentence continuing previous negation
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Understanding "neque" requires cultural context about Roman rhetoric and writing: -
Rhetorical Use: -
Important in formal speeches -
Used for emphasis in political arguments -
Common in legal documents -
Essential in philosophical discussions -
Literary Style: -
Creates balanced phrases -
Builds dramatic tension -
Emphasizes complete denial -
Shows logical relationships -
Historical Documents: -
Found in military reports -
Used in peace treaties -
Common in legal texts -
Present in religious formulas -
Modern Relevance: -
Still used in formal Latin -
Found in scientific terms -
Influences legal language -
Shapes logical discourse
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From Caesar's "De Bello Gallico" (1.31):
Part F-A (Interleaved Text)
Ariovistus Ariovistus respondit replied: sē himself prius before in into Galliam Gaul vēnisse to have come quam than populum people Rōmānum. Roman. Numquam Never ante before hoc this tempus time exercitum army populī of people Rōmānī Roman provinciae of province fīnibus from borders ēgressum. to have gone out.
"Ariovistus respondit sē prius in Galliam vēnisse quam populum Rōmānum. Numquam ante hoc tempus exercitum populī Rōmānī provinciae fīnibus ēgressum."
Ariovistus replied that he had come into Gaul before the Roman people. Never before this time had an army of the Roman people gone out from the borders of the province.
Caesar uses indirect discourse to report Ariovistus's response, showing: -
Historical claims (prior occupation) -
Legal arguments (territorial rights) -
Political rhetoric (challenging Roman authority)
-
Indirect discourse with "sē" -
Comparative construction with "prius...quam" -
Perfect infinitive "vēnisse" -
Accusative subject in indirect statement -
Temporal expressions with "ante"
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72.16 Hostēs enemies neque neither equitēs cavalry neque nor peditēs infantry ad to proelium battle mīsērunt sent
72.17 Dux leader noster our neque neither montem mountain neque nor flūmen river timet fears
72.18 Mīlitēs soldiers neque neither famem hunger neque nor sitim thirst queruntur complain about
72.19 Legiō legion nostra our neque neither vulnerāta wounded neque nor fessa tired est is
72.20 Castra camp neque neither aquā water neque nor cibō food carent lack
72.21 Explōrātōrēs scouts hostium of enemies neque neither vēnērunt came neque nor vīsī seen sunt were
72.22 Pōns bridge neque neither longus long neque nor validus strong erat was
72.23 Oppidānī townspeople neque neither pugnāre to fight neque nor fugere to flee possunt are able
72.24 Imperātor commander neque neither cōnsilium plan neque nor spem hope mūtat changes
72.25 Legiōnēs legions hostium of enemies neque neither prōgredī to advance neque nor regredī to retreat audent dare
72.26 Praesidium garrison neque neither arma arms neque nor cibāria provisions habet has
72.27 Auxiliā reinforcements neque neither māne in morning neque nor vesperī in evening advēnērunt arrived
72.28 Custōdēs guards neque neither clāmōrem shout neque nor strepitum noise audīvērunt heard
72.29 Hostēs enemies mūrōs walls neque neither ascendere to climb neque nor dērumpere to break down temptant try
72.30 Victōria victory nostra our neque neither dubia doubtful neque nor difficilis difficult erat was
72.16 Hostēs neque equitēs neque peditēs ad proelium mīsērunt. The enemies sent neither cavalry nor infantry to battle.
72.17 Dux noster neque montem neque flūmen timet. Our leader fears neither mountain nor river.
72.18 Mīlitēs neque famem neque sitim queruntur. The soldiers complain of neither hunger nor thirst.
72.19 Legiō nostra neque vulnerāta neque fessa est. Our legion is neither wounded nor tired.
72.20 Castra neque aquā neque cibō carent. The camp lacks neither water nor food.
72.21 Explōrātōrēs hostium neque vēnērunt neque vīsī sunt. The enemy scouts neither came nor were seen.
72.22 Pōns neque longus neque validus erat. The bridge was neither long nor strong.
72.23 Oppidānī neque pugnāre neque fugere possunt. The townspeople can neither fight nor flee.
72.24 Imperātor neque cōnsilium neque spem mūtat. The commander changes neither plan nor hope.
72.25 Legiōnēs hostium neque prōgredī neque regredī audent. The enemy legions dare neither to advance nor to retreat.
72.26 Praesidium neque arma neque cibāria habet. The garrison has neither arms nor provisions.
72.27 Auxiliā neque māne neque vesperī advēnērunt. The reinforcements arrived neither in the morning nor in the evening.
72.28 Custōdēs neque clāmōrem neque strepitum audīvērunt. The guards heard neither shout nor noise.
72.29 Hostēs mūrōs neque ascendere neque dērumpere temptant. The enemies attempt neither to climb nor to break down the walls.
72.30 Victōria nostra neque dubia neque difficilis erat. Our victory was neither doubtful nor difficult.
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72.16 Hostēs neque equitēs neque peditēs ad proelium mīsērunt.
72.17 Dux noster neque montem neque flūmen timet.
72.18 Mīlitēs neque famem neque sitim queruntur.
72.19 Legiō nostra neque vulnerāta neque fessa est.
72.20 Castra neque aquā neque cibō carent.
72.21 Explōrātōrēs hostium neque vēnērunt neque vīsī sunt.
72.22 Pōns neque longus neque validus erat.
72.23 Oppidānī neque pugnāre neque fugere possunt.
72.24 Imperātor neque cōnsilium neque spem mūtat.
72.25 Legiōnēs hostium neque prōgredī neque regredī audent.
72.26 Praesidium neque arma neque cibāria habet.
72.27 Auxiliā neque māne neque vesperī advēnērunt.
72.28 Custōdēs neque clāmōrem neque strepitum audīvērunt.
72.29 Hostēs mūrōs neque ascendere neque dērumpere temptant.
72.30 Victōria nostra neque dubia neque difficilis erat.
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Military Terminology with "neque": a) Paired Military Units: -
"neque equitēs neque peditēs" (neither cavalry nor infantry) -
Demonstrates unit complementarity -
Common in battle reports
b) Military Activities: -
"neque pugnāre neque fugere" (neither to fight nor to flee) -
Shows tactical options -
Uses complementary infinitives -
Strategic Descriptions: a) Resource Status: -
"neque arma neque cibāria" (neither arms nor provisions) -
Essential camp inventory items -
Ablative with carēre
b) Tactical Situations: -
"neque prōgredī neque regredī" (neither to advance nor to retreat) -
Movement options -
Strategic choices -
Military Report Style: a) Time References: -
"neque māne neque vesperī" (neither in morning nor in evening) -
Uses ablative of time when -
Common in daily reports
b) Status Reports: -
"neque vulnerāta neque fessa" (neither wounded nor tired) -
Predicate adjectives -
Unit condition reports -
Common Military Phrases: a) Physical Features: -
"neque montem neque flūmen" (neither mountain nor river) -
Accusative objects -
Terrain description
b) Defensive Structures: -
"neque longus neque validus" (neither long nor strong) -
Bridge and fortification descriptions -
Quality assessment -
Special Military Uses: a) Scout Reports: -
"neque vēnērunt neque vīsī sunt" (neither came nor were seen) -
Perfect tense variations -
Intelligence reporting
b) Battle Assessment: -
"neque dubia neque difficilis" (neither doubtful nor difficult) -
Victory descriptions -
Common report conclusions
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