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Lesson 67
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Lesson 67

@ᴸᴱˢˢᴼᴺ.67 Lesson 67 Modern Greek (Ελληνικά): A Latinum Institute Modern Language Course

δίνω (díno) - give

Introduction

Welcome to Lesson 67 of the Latinum Institute Modern Greek course! Today we explore δίνω (díno), the fundamental Greek verb meaning “to give.” This essential action verb is one of the most frequently used in Greek, appearing in countless everyday interactions, literary works, and idiomatic expressions.

What does δίνω mean in Greek?

The verb δίνω (díno) means “to give” in Greek and represents one of the core transitive verbs in the language. From simple acts of giving objects to metaphorical expressions of giving time, attention, or opportunity, this verb forms the backbone of Greek generosity expressions. You’ll encounter δίνω constantly in Greek conversation, from “δίνω ένα βιβλίο” (I give a book) to complex constructions involving abstract gifts like knowledge or love.

In this lesson’s 30 examples, you’ll see how δίνω operates across different tenses (present, past, future), how it constructs sentences with both direct and indirect objects, and how Greek expresses the rich concept of giving through various grammatical structures. This lesson provides autodidact students with systematic exposure to one of Greek’s most versatile and essential verbs.

Key Takeaways: -

δίνω is a first conjugation (-ω) verb with regular patterns -

Uses accusative case for the thing given -

Often paired with σε + accusative for recipient -

Forms the basis for many compound verbs and idioms -

Essential for expressing generosity, transfer, and abstract giving

Course Index: https://latinum.substack.com/p/index

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Script Guidance

Modern Greek uses the Greek alphabet, descended from ancient Greek script. The romanization system used here follows simplified phonetic transcription for English speakers, with stress marked by accent in the Greek text and indicated in romanization.

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SECTION A: INTERLINEAR CONSTRUED TEXT

67.1a Δίνω (Díno) I-give ένα (éna) a-NEUT βιβλίο (vivlío) book στον (ston) to-the-MASC φίλο (fílo) friend μου (mu) my

67.1b Díno (Díno) I-give éna (éna) a-NEUT vivlío (vivlío) book ston (ston) to-the-MASC fílo (fílo) friend mu (mu) my

67.2a Η (I) The-FEM μητέρα (mitéra) mother έδωσε (édose) gave λουλούδια (luloúdia) flowers στην (stin) to-the-FEM κόρη (kóri) daughter της (tis) her

67.2b I (I) The-FEM mitéra (mitéra) mother édose (édose) gave luloúdia (luloúdia) flowers stin (stin) to-the-FEM kóri (kóri) daughter tis (tis) her

67.3a Θα (Tha) FUT δώσω (dóso) I-will-give απάντηση (apántisi) answer αύριο (ávrio) tomorrow

67.3b Tha (Tha) FUT dóso (dóso) I-will-give apántisi (apántisi) answer ávrio (ávrio) tomorrow

67.4a Δεν (Den) Not δίνουν (dínun) they-give χρήματα (chrímata) money σε (se) to ξένους (xénus) strangers-ACC

67.4b Den (Den) Not dínun (dínun) they-give chrímata (chrímata) money se (se) to xénus (xénus) strangers-ACC

67.5a Δώσε (Dóse) Give-IMP μου (mu) to-me το (to) the-NEUT χέρι (chéri) hand σου (su) your

67.5b Dóse (Dóse) Give-IMP mu (mu) to-me to (to) the-NEUT chéri (chéri) hand su (su) your

67.6a Ο (O) The-MASC δάσκαλος (dáskalos) teacher δίνει (díni) gives μαθήματα (mathímata) lessons κάθε (káthe) every μέρα (méra) day

67.6b O (O) The-MASC dáskalos (dáskalos) teacher díni (díni) gives mathímata (mathímata) lessons káthe (káthe) every méra (méra) day

67.7a Έδωσα (Édosa) I-gave την (tin) the-FEM καρδιά (kardiá) heart μου (mu) my σε (se) to αυτόν (aftón) him-ACC τον (ton) the-MASC άνθρωπο (ánthro po) person

67.7b Édosa (Édosa) I-gave tin (tin) the-FEM kardiá (kardiá) heart mu (mu) my se (se) to aftón (aftón) him-ACC ton (ton) the-MASC ánthro po (ánthro po) person

67.8a Δίνεις (Dínis) You-give πάντα (pánda) always τον (ton) the-MASC καλύτερο (kalítero) best-ACC εαυτό (eaftó) self σου (su) your

67.8b Dínis (Dínis) You-give pánda (pánda) always ton (ton) the-MASC kalítero (kalítero) best-ACC eaftó (eaftó) self su (su) your

67.9a Το (To) The-NEUT δέντρο (déndro) tree δίνει (díni) gives σκιά (skiá) shade και (ke) and καρπούς (karpús) fruits-ACC

67.9b To (To) The-NEUT déndro (déndro) tree díni (díni) gives skiá (skiá) shade ke (ke) and karpús (karpús) fruits-ACC

67.10a Δώσαμε (Dósame) We-gave υποσχέσεις (iposchésis) promises που (pu) that δεν (den) not κρατήσαμε (kratísame) we-kept

67.10b Dósame (Dósame) We-gave iposchésis (iposchésis) promises pu (pu) that den (den) not kratísame (kratísame) we-kept

67.11a Η (I) The-FEM θάλασσα (thálassa) sea δίνει (díni) gives και (ke) and παίρνει (pérni) takes

67.11b I (I) The-FEM thálassa (thálassa) sea díni (díni) gives ke (ke) and pérni (pérni) takes

67.12a Δεν (Den) Not έχω (écho) I-have τίποτα (típota) nothing να (na) to σου (su) to-you δώσω (dóso) give-SUBJ

67.12b Den (Den) Not écho (écho) I-have típota (típota) nothing na (na) to su (su) to-you dóso (dóso) give-SUBJ

67.13a Θα (Tha) FUT δώσουν (dósun) they-will-give εξετάσεις (exetásis) exams τον (ton) the-MASC Ιούνιο (Iúnio) June-ACC

67.13b Tha (Tha) FUT dósun (dósun) they-will-give exetásis (exetásis) exams ton (ton) the-MASC Iúnio (Iúnio) June-ACC

67.14a Δίνω (Díno) I-give μεγάλη (megáli) great-FEM σημασία (simasía) importance στην (stin) to-the-FEM οικογένεια (ikoyénia) family

67.14b Díno (Díno) I-give megáli (megáli) great-FEM simasía (simasía) importance stin (stin) to-the-FEM ikoyénia (ikoyénia) family

67.15a Ο (O) The-MASC χρόνος (chrónos) time δίνει (díni) gives τις (tis) the-FEM.PL απαντήσεις (apandísis) answers που (pu) that χρειαζόμαστε (chriazómaste) we-need

67.15b O (O) The-MASC chrónos (chrónos) time díni (díni) gives tis (tis) the-FEM.PL apandísis (apandísis) answers pu (pu) that chriazómaste (chriazómaste) we-need

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SECTION B: NATURAL SENTENCES

67.1 Δίνω ένα βιβλίο στον φίλο μου. Díno éna vivlío ston fílo mu. “I give a book to my friend.”

67.2 Η μητέρα έδωσε λουλούδια στην κόρη της. I mitéra édose luloúdia stin kóri tis. “The mother gave flowers to her daughter.”

67.3 Θα δώσω απάντηση αύριο. Tha dóso apántisi ávrio. “I will give an answer tomorrow.”

67.4 Δεν δίνουν χρήματα σε ξένους. Den dínun chrímata se xénus. “They don’t give money to strangers.”

67.5 Δώσε μου το χέρι σου. Dóse mu to chéri su. “Give me your hand.”

67.6 Ο δάσκαλος δίνει μαθήματα κάθε μέρα. O dáskalos díni mathímata káthe méra. “The teacher gives lessons every day.”

67.7 Έδωσα την καρδιά μου σε αυτόν τον άνθρωπο. Édosa tin kardiá mu se aftón ton ánthro po. “I gave my heart to this person.”

67.8 Δίνεις πάντα τον καλύτερο εαυτό σου. Dínis pánda ton kalítero eaftó su. “You always give your best self.”

67.9 Το δέντρο δίνει σκιά και καρπούς. To déndro díni skiá ke karpús. “The tree gives shade and fruit.”

67.10 Δώσαμε υποσχέσεις που δεν κρατήσαμε. Dósame iposchésis pu den kratísame. “We gave promises that we didn’t keep.”

67.11 Η θάλασσα δίνει και παίρνει. I thálassa díni ke pérni. “The sea gives and takes.”

67.12 Δεν έχω τίποτα να σου δώσω. Den écho típota na su dóso. “I have nothing to give you.”

67.13 Θα δώσουν εξετάσεις τον Ιούνιο. Tha dósun exetásis ton Iúnio. “They will take exams in June.” (lit. “give exams”)

67.14 Δίνω μεγάλη σημασία στην οικογένεια. Díno megáli simasía stin ikoyénia. “I give great importance to family.”

67.15 Ο χρόνος δίνει τις απαντήσεις που χρειαζόμαστε. O chrónos díni tis apandísis pu chriazómaste. “Time gives the answers we need.”

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SECTION C: TARGET LANGUAGE TEXT ONLY

67.1 Δίνω ένα βιβλίο στον φίλο μου. Díno éna vivlío ston fílo mu.

67.2 Η μητέρα έδωσε λουλούδια στην κόρη της. I mitéra édose luloúdia stin kóri tis.

67.3 Θα δώσω απάντηση αύριο. Tha dóso apántisi ávrio.

67.4 Δεν δίνουν χρήματα σε ξένους. Den dínun chrímata se xénus.

67.5 Δώσε μου το χέρι σου. Dóse mu to chéri su.

67.6 Ο δάσκαλος δίνει μαθήματα κάθε μέρα. O dáskalos díni mathímata káthe méra.

67.7 Έδωσα την καρδιά μου σε αυτόν τον άνθρωπο. Édosa tin kardiá mu se aftón ton ánthro po.

67.8 Δίνεις πάντα τον καλύτερο εαυτό σου. Dínis pánda ton kalítero eaftó su.

67.9 Το δέντρο δίνει σκιά και καρπούς. To déndro díni skiá ke karpús.

67.10 Δώσαμε υποσχέσεις που δεν κρατήσαμε. Dósame iposchésis pu den kratísame.

67.11 Η θάλασσα δίνει και παίρνει. I thálassa díni ke pérni.

67.12 Δεν έχω τίποτα να σου δώσω. Den écho típota na su dóso.

67.13 Θα δώσουν εξετάσεις τον Ιούνιο. Tha dósun exetásis ton Iúnio.

67.14 Δίνω μεγάλη σημασία στην οικογένεια. Díno megáli simasía stin ikoyénia.

67.15 Ο χρόνος δίνει τις απαντήσεις που χρειαζόμαστε. O chrónos díni tis apandísis pu chriazómaste.

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SECTION D: GRAMMAR EXPLANATION

These are the grammar rules for δίνω

Conjugation Pattern

δίνω belongs to the first conjugation class (-ω verbs) and follows regular patterns with some stem changes in different tenses.

Present Tense: -

δίνω (díno) - I give -

δίνεις (dínis) - you give -

δίνει (díni) - he/she/it gives -

δίνουμε (dínume) - we give -

δίνετε (dínete) - you (pl) give -

δίνουν (dínun) - they give

Aorist (Simple Past): -

έδωσα (édosa) - I gave -

έδωσες (édoses) - you gave -

έδωσε (édose) - he/she/it gave -

δώσαμε (dósame) - we gave -

δώσατε (dósate) - you (pl) gave -

έδωσαν (édosan) - they gave

Note the stem change: δίν- → δωσ- in the aorist.

Future: Formed with θα + aorist stem: -

θα δώσω (tha dóso) - I will give -

θα δώσεις (tha dósis) - you will give -

θα δώσει (tha dósi) - he/she/it will give -

θα δώσουμε (tha dósume) - we will give -

θα δώσετε (tha dósete) - you (pl) will give -

θα δώσουν (tha dósun) - they will give

Imperative: -

δώσε (dóse) - give! (singular) -

δώστε (dóste) - give! (plural)

Subjunctive: Formed with να + present or aorist stem: -

να δίνω (na díno) - to give (continuous) -

να δώσω (na dóso) - to give (perfective)

Syntax Patterns -

Direct Object Construction: δίνω + accusative (thing given) Example: δίνω ένα δώρο (I give a gift) -

Indirect Object with σε: δίνω + accusative + σε + accusative Example: δίνω το βιβλίο σε έναν φίλο (I give the book to a friend) -

Indirect Object with Weak Pronoun: δίνω + weak pronoun + accusative Example: δίνω μου το βιβλίο (give me the book) or του δίνω ένα βιβλίο (I give him a book)

Weak pronouns: μου (to me), σου (to you), του/της (to him/her), μας (to us), σας (to you pl), τους (to them)

Idiomatic Expressions -

δίνω εξετάσεις - literally “give exams” = take exams -

δίνω σημασία - give importance/attention -

δίνω το λόγο - give one’s word -

δίνω και παίρνω - give and take -

δίνω χαρά - give joy -

δίνω δικαιώματα - grant rights -

δίνω την ευκαιρία - give the opportunity

Common Mistakes -

Forgetting the stem change in aorist: Students often use *δίνα instead of έδωσα. The aorist requires the δωσ- stem. -

Indirect object placement: In Greek, weak pronouns come before the verb (του δίνω) while full noun phrases use σε (δίνω στον Γιάννη). Don’t mix these patterns. -

Confusing with γίνομαι: While δίνω means “give,” γίνομαι means “become” - completely different verbs despite similar appearance to beginners. -

Agreement: Remember that Greek verb endings change for person and number. English “give/gives” becomes six different forms in Greek present tense.

Grammatical Summary (Plain Text Format)

Verb: δίνω (first conjugation, active voice) Primary meaning: to give, to grant, to provide

Present stem: δίν- Aorist stem: δωσ- Future: θα + aorist subjunctive

Takes direct object in accusative case Indirect object expressed with σε + accusative or weak pronoun Can be used literally (give objects) or metaphorically (give time, attention, importance) Forms basis for numerous compound verbs and idiomatic expressions

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SECTION E: CULTURAL CONTEXT

Usage Across Registers

δίνω appears in all registers of Greek, from casual conversation to formal academic writing. In everyday speech, Greeks use δίνω constantly for both concrete and abstract giving. The verb’s versatility makes it essential for expressing generosity, a culturally important virtue in Greek society.

Cultural Significance

Greek culture places enormous value on φιλοξενία (filoxenía - hospitality) and generosity. The verb δίνω embodies these values. From the ancient Greek concept of ξενία (xenía - guest-friendship) to modern Greek hospitality traditions, giving has deep cultural roots. Greeks often say “το σπίτι μου είναι δικό σου” (my house is yours), reflecting a cultural emphasis on sharing and giving.

The expression “η θάλασσα δίνει και παίρνει” (the sea gives and takes) reflects Greece’s maritime culture and philosophical acceptance of life’s reciprocal nature.

Regional Variations

Standard Modern Greek δίνω is used throughout Greece and Cyprus. In some dialects, you may hear slight pronunciation variations, but the verb form remains consistent. Cypriot Greek may use slightly different intonation patterns but the same conjugation.

Idiomatic Depth

Beyond literal giving, δίνω appears in hundreds of Greek idioms: -

δίνω τα εύσημα - give credit (literally “give the compliments”) -

δίνω ραντεβού - make an appointment (give a meeting) -

δίνω συνέχεια - continue (give continuation) -

δίνω προσοχή - pay attention -

δίνω λόγο - give account/explanation

The phrase δίνω εξετάσεις (literally “give exams”) means “take exams” - a unique Greek construction that may confuse learners but reflects how Greeks conceptualize the student-examiner relationship.

Observations on Syntax

Greek allows great flexibility in word order, especially with weak pronouns. The placement of indirect object pronouns before the verb (του δίνω το βιβλίο) versus after (δίνω το βιβλίο σε αυτόν) creates subtle shifts in emphasis and formality. The weak pronoun construction is more colloquial and flows more naturally in conversation.

The use of δίνω with abstract nouns (δίνω σημασία - give importance, δίνω χαρά - give joy) shows how Greek speakers conceptualize abstract qualities as transferable entities, a feature that enriches the language’s metaphorical capacity.

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SECTION F: LITERARY CITATION

Contemporary Greek Usage - Educational Context

The following passage demonstrates authentic use of δίνω in contemporary Greek discourse:

F-A: Interlinear Analysis

Ο (O) The-MASC δάσκαλος (dáskalos) teacher δίνει (díni) gives στους (stus) to-the-MASC.PL μαθητές (mathités) students του (tu) his όχι (óchi) not μόνο (móno) only γνώση (gnósi) knowledge αλλά (allá) but και (ke) also έμπνευση (émpnefsi) inspiration

O (O) The-MASC dáskalos (dáskalos) teacher díni (díni) gives stus (stus) to-the-MASC.PL mathités (mathités) students tu (tu) his óchi (óchi) not móno (móno) only gnósi (gnósi) knowledge allá (allá) but ke (ke) also émpnefsi (émpnefsi) inspiration

Όταν (Ótan) When δίνεις (dínis) you-give τον (ton) the-MASC εαυτό (eaftó) self σου (su) your στην (stin) to-the-FEM εκπαίδευση (ekpédefsi) education δίνεις (dínis) you-give μέλλον (méllon) future στα (sta) to-the-NEUT.PL παιδιά (pediá) children

Ótan (Ótan) When dínis (dínis) you-give ton (ton) the-MASC eaftó (eaftó) self su (su) your stin (stin) to-the-FEM ekpédefsi (ekpédefsi) education dínis (dínis) you-give méllon (méllon) future sta (sta) to-the-NEUT.PL pediá (pediá) children

Η (I) The-FEM αγάπη (agápi) love που (pu) that δίνουμε (dínume) we-give επιστρέφει (epistréfi) returns πολλαπλασιασμένη (pollaplasasméni) multiplied

I (I) The-FEM agápi (agápi) love pu (pu) that dínume (dínume) we-give epistréfi (epistréfi) returns pollaplasasméni (pollaplasasméni) multiplied

F-B: Natural Text with Translation

Ο δάσκαλος δίνει στους μαθητές του όχι μόνο γνώση αλλά και έμπνευση. Όταν δίνεις τον εαυτό σου στην εκπαίδευση, δίνεις μέλλον στα παιδιά. Η αγάπη που δίνουμε επιστρέφει πολλαπλασιασμένη.

O dáskalos díni stus mathités tu óchi móno gnósi allá ke émpnefsi. Ótan dínis ton eaftó su stin ekpédefsi, dínis méllon sta pediá. I agápi pu dínume epistréfi pollaplasasméni.

“The teacher gives his students not only knowledge but also inspiration. When you give yourself to education, you give a future to children. The love we give returns multiplied.”

F-C: Original Greek Only

Ο δάσκαλος δίνει στους μαθητές του όχι μόνο γνώση αλλά και έμπνευση. Όταν δίνεις τον εαυτό σου στην εκπαίδευση, δίνεις μέλλον στα παιδιά. Η αγάπη που δίνουμε επιστρέφει πολλαπλασιασμένη.

O dáskalos díni stus mathités tu óchi móno gnósi allá ke émpnefsi. Ótan dínis ton eaftó su stin ekpédefsi, dínis méllon sta pediá. I agápi pu dínume epistréfi pollaplasasméni.

F-D: Grammar and Vocabulary Notes

This passage demonstrates several key features of δίνω in contemporary Greek:

Vocabulary: -

δάσκαλος (teacher) - masculine noun -

μαθητές (students) - masculine plural -

γνώση (knowledge) - feminine noun -

έμπνευση (inspiration) - feminine noun -

εκπαίδευση (education) - feminine noun -

μέλλον (future) - neuter noun -

αγάπη (love) - feminine noun

Grammar Points: -

Double object construction: δίνει στους μαθητές του... γνώση - gives to his students knowledge -

Negative construction: όχι μόνο... αλλά και - not only... but also -

Temporal clause: Όταν δίνεις - when you give -

Relative clause: η αγάπη που δίνουμε - the love that we give -

Reflexive: τον εαυτό σου - yourself

The passage uses δίνω three times, each with different subjects and objects, showing its versatility. The abstract objects (knowledge, inspiration, future, love) demonstrate how δίνω extends beyond physical giving to encompass all forms of transfer and generosity.

F-E: Cultural Commentary

This passage reflects the profound Greek respect for education and the teaching profession. The connection between giving and education runs deep in Greek culture, from ancient philosophical traditions to modern educational values. The notion that “love returns multiplied” echoes both Christian teachings influential in Greek culture and ancient Greek philosophical concepts of reciprocity and cosmic balance.

The use of second person (δίνεις - you give) creates an inclusive, direct address that characterizes much Greek prose, inviting the reader into personal reflection rather than maintaining academic distance.

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GENRE SECTION: NARRATIVE TEXT

The following narrative demonstrates δίνω in natural storytelling context, showing how the verb functions in connected prose.

Part A: Interlinear Construed Text

67.16a Μια (Mia) One-FEM φορά (forá) time ένας (énas) a-MASC γέρος (yéros) old-man ψαράς (psarás) fisherman έδωσε (édose) gave στον (ston) to-the-MASC γιο (yió) son του (tu) his ένα (éna) a-NEUT δίχτυ (díchti) net

67.16b Mia (Mia) One-FEM forá (forá) time énas (énas) a-MASC yéros (yéros) old-man psarás (psarás) fisherman édose (édose) gave ston (ston) to-the-MASC yió (yió) son tu (tu) his éna (éna) a-NEUT díchti (díchti) net

67.17a Δεν (Den) Not σου (su) to-you δίνω (díno) I-give ψάρια (psária) fish του (tu) to-him είπε (ípe) he-said αλλά (allá) but το (to) the-NEUT μέσο (méso) means να (na) to τα (ta) them-NEUT.PL πιάσεις (piásis) catch-SUBJ μόνος (mónos) alone σου (su) yourself

67.17b Den (Den) Not su (su) to-you díno (díno) I-give psária (psária) fish tu (tu) to-him ípe (ípe) he-said allá (allá) but to (to) the-NEUT méso (méso) means na (na) to ta (ta) them-NEUT.PL piásis (piásis) catch-SUBJ mónos (mónos) alone su (su) yourself

67.18a Ο (O) The-MASC νέος (néos) young-man πήρε (píre) took το (to) the-NEUT δίχτυ (díchti) net και (ke) and έδωσε (édose) gave υπόσχεση (ipóschesi) promise ότι (óti) that θα (tha) FUT το (to) it-NEUT.ACC φροντίσει (frondísi) care-for-FUT

67.18b O (O) The-MASC néos (néos) young-man píre (píre) took to (to) the-NEUT díchti (díchti) net ke (ke) and édose (édose) gave ipóschesi (ipóschesi) promise óti (óti) that tha (tha) FUT to (to) it-NEUT.ACC frondísi (frondísi) care-for-FUT

67.19a Κάθε (Káthe) Every πρωί (proí) morning η (i) the-FEM θάλασσα (thálassa) sea του (tu) to-him έδινε (édine) was-giving τον (ton) the-MASC καρπό (karpó) fruit της (tis) her

67.19b Káthe (Káthe) Every proí (proí) morning i (i) the-FEM thálassa (thálassa) sea tu (tu) to-him édine (édine) was-giving ton (ton) the-MASC karpó (karpó) fruit tis (tis) her

67.20a Τα (Ta) The-NEUT.PL χρόνια (chrónia) years πέρασαν (pérasan) passed και (ke) and ο (o) the-MASC ψαράς (psarás) fisherman έδωσε (édose) gave τη (ti) the-FEM σοφία (sofía) wisdom του (tu) his στους (stus) to-the-MASC.PL άλλους (állus) others

67.20b Ta (Ta) The-NEUT.PL chrónia (chrónia) years pérasan (pérasan) passed ke (ke) and o (o) the-MASC psarás (psarás) fisherman édose (édose) gave ti (ti) the-FEM sofía (sofía) wisdom tu (tu) his stus (stus) to-the-MASC.PL állus (állus) others

67.21a Δίνεις (Dínis) You-give αλιεύοντας (alievondas) fishing-PART δεν (den) not δίνεις (dínis) you-give μόνο (móno) only τροφή (trofí) food έλεγε (élege) he-was-saying

67.21b Dínis (Dínis) You-give alievondas (alievondas) fishing-PART den (den) not dínis (dínis) you-give móno (móno) only trofí (trofí) food élege (élege) he-was-saying

67.22a Δίνεις (Dínis) You-give μια (mia) a-FEM σχέση (schési) relationship με (me) with τη (ti) the-FEM φύση (físi) nature

67.22b Dínis (Dínis) You-give mia (mia) a-FEM schési (schési) relationship me (me) with ti (ti) the-FEM físi (físi) nature

67.23a Όταν (Ótan) When ο (o) the-MASC γιος (yios) son είχε (íche) had δικά (diká) own του (tu) his παιδιά (pediá) children τους (tus) to-them έδωσε (édose) gave το (to) the-NEUT ίδιο (ídio) same δίχτυ (díchti) net

67.23b Ótan (Ótan) When o (o) the-MASC yios (yios) son íche (íche) had diká (diká) own tu (tu) his pediá (pediá) children tus (tus) to-them édose (édose) gave to (to) the-NEUT ídio (ídio) same díchti (díchti) net

67.24a Το (To) The-NEUT δίχτυ (díchti) net που (pu) that δίνουμε (dínume) we-give στα (sta) to-the-NEUT.PL παιδιά (pediá) children μας (mas) our είναι (íne) is η (i) the-FEM κληρονομιά (klironomyá) inheritance μας (mas) our

67.24b To (To) The-NEUT díchti (díchti) net pu (pu) that dínume (dínume) we-give sta (sta) to-the-NEUT.PL pediá (pediá) children mas (mas) our íne (íne) is i (i) the-FEM klironomyá (klironomyá) inheritance mas (mas) our

67.25a Δεν (Den) Not δίνουμε (dínume) we-give μόνο (móno) only αντικείμενα (andikímena) objects δίνουμε (dínume) we-give αξίες (axíes) values

67.25b Den (Den) Not dínume (dínume) we-give móno (móno) only andikímena (andikímena) objects dínume (dínume) we-give axíes (axíes) values

67.26a Η (I) The-FEM παράδοση (parádosi) tradition δίνει (díni) gives νόημα (nóima) meaning στη (sti) to-the-FEM ζωή (zoí) life μας (mas) our

67.26b I (I) The-FEM parádosi (parádosi) tradition díni (díni) gives nóima (nóima) meaning sti (sti) to-the-FEM zoí (zoí) life mas (mas) our

67.27a Όταν (Ótan) When δίνουμε (dínume) we-give ό,τι (ó,ti) what ξέρουμε (xérume) we-know δίνουμε (dínume) we-give ό,τι (ó,ti) what είμαστε (ímaste) we-are

67.27b Ótan (Ótan) When dínume (dínume) we-give ó,ti (ó,ti) what xérume (xérume) we-know dínume (dínume) we-give ó,ti (ó,ti) what ímaste (ímaste) we-are

67.28a Ο (O) The-MASC παππούς (pappús) grandfather μου (mu) my μου (mu) to-me έδινε (édine) was-giving πάντα (pánda) always χρόνο (chróno) time όχι (óchi) not μόνο (móno) only δώρα (dóra) gifts

67.28b O (O) The-MASC pappús (pappús) grandfather mu (mu) my mu (mu) to-me édine (édine) was-giving pánda (pánda) always chróno (chróno) time óchi (óchi) not móno (móno) only dóra (dóra) gifts

67.29a Αυτό (Aftó) This-NEUT που (pu) that δίνεις (dínis) you-give με (me) with την (tin) the-FEM καρδιά (kardiá) heart σου (su) your ποτέ (poté) never δεν (den) not χάνεται (chánete) is-lost

67.29b Aftó (Aftó) This-NEUT pu (pu) that dínis (dínis) you-give me (me) with tin (tin) the-FEM kardiá (kardiá) heart su (su) your poté (poté) never den (den) not chánete (chánete) is-lost

67.30a Η (I) The-FEM αληθινή (alithiní) true-FEM δύναμη (dínami) power του (tu) of-the-MASC να (na) to δίνεις (dínis) give-SUBJ είναι (íne) is ότι (óti) that κάνει (káni) makes τον (ton) the-MASC κόσμο (kósmo) world καλύτερο (kalítero) better-ACC

67.30b I (I) The-FEM alithiní (alithiní) true-FEM dínami (dínami) power tu (tu) of-the-MASC na (na) to dínis (dínis) give-SUBJ íne (íne) is óti (óti) that káni (káni) makes ton (ton) the-MASC kósmo (kósmo) world kalítero (kalítero) better-ACC

Part B: Natural Sentences

67.16 Μια φορά ένας γέρος ψαράς έδωσε στον γιο του ένα δίχτυ. Mia forá énas yéros psarás édose ston yió tu éna díchti. “Once an old fisherman gave his son a net.”

67.17 Δεν σου δίνω ψάρια, του είπε, αλλά το μέσο να τα πιάσεις μόνος σου. Den su díno psária, tu ípe, allá to méso na ta piásis mónos su. “I’m not giving you fish, he told him, but the means to catch them yourself.”

67.18 Ο νέος πήρε το δίχτυ και έδωσε υπόσχεση ότι θα το φροντίσει. O néos píre to díchti ke édose ipóschesi óti tha to frondísi. “The young man took the net and gave a promise that he would care for it.”

67.19 Κάθε πρωί η θάλασσα του έδινε τον καρπό της. Káthe proí i thálassa tu édine ton karpó tis. “Every morning the sea gave him its fruit.”

67.20 Τα χρόνια πέρασαν και ο ψαράς έδωσε τη σοφία του στους άλλους. Ta chrónia pérasan ke o psarás édose ti sofía tu stus állus. “The years passed and the fisherman gave his wisdom to others.”

67.21 Δίνεις αλιεύοντας, δεν δίνεις μόνο τροφή, έλεγε. Dínis alievondas, den dínis móno trofí, élege. “By fishing you give, you don’t only give food, he would say.”

67.22 Δίνεις μια σχέση με τη φύση. Dínis mia schési me ti físi. “You give a relationship with nature.”

67.23 Όταν ο γιος είχε δικά του παιδιά, τους έδωσε το ίδιο δίχτυ. Ótan o yios íche diká tu pediá, tus édose to ídio díchti. “When the son had his own children, he gave them the same net.”

67.24 Το δίχτυ που δίνουμε στα παιδιά μας είναι η κληρονομιά μας. To díchti pu dínume sta pediá mas íne i klironomyá mas. “The net we give to our children is our inheritance.”

67.25 Δεν δίνουμε μόνο αντικείμενα, δίνουμε αξίες. Den dínume móno andikímena, dínume axíes. “We don’t only give objects, we give values.”

67.26 Η παράδοση δίνει νόημα στη ζωή μας. I parádosi díni nóima sti zoí mas. “Tradition gives meaning to our life.”

67.27 Όταν δίνουμε ό,τι ξέρουμε, δίνουμε ό,τι είμαστε. Ótan dínume ó,ti xérume, dínume ó,ti ímaste. “When we give what we know, we give what we are.”

67.28 Ο παππούς μου μου έδινε πάντα χρόνο, όχι μόνο δώρα. O pappús mu mu édine pánda chróno, óchi móno dóra. “My grandfather always gave me time, not only gifts.”

67.29 Αυτό που δίνεις με την καρδιά σου ποτέ δεν χάνεται. Aftó pu dínis me tin kardiá su poté den chánete. “What you give with your heart is never lost.”

67.30 Η αληθινή δύναμη του να δίνεις είναι ότι κάνει τον κόσμο καλύτερο. I alithiní dínami tu na dínis íne óti káni ton kósmo kalítero. “The true power of giving is that it makes the world better.”

Part C: Target Language Only

67.16 Μια φορά ένας γέρος ψαράς έδωσε στον γιο του ένα δίχτυ. Mia forá énas yéros psarás édose ston yió tu éna díchti.

67.17 Δεν σου δίνω ψάρια, του είπε, αλλά το μέσο να τα πιάσεις μόνος σου. Den su díno psária, tu ípe, allá to méso na ta piásis mónos su.

67.18 Ο νέος πήρε το δίχτυ και έδωσε υπόσχεση ότι θα το φροντίσει. O néos píre to díchti ke édose ipóschesi óti tha to frondísi.

67.19 Κάθε πρωί η θάλασσα του έδινε τον καρπό της. Káthe proí i thálassa tu édine ton karpó tis.

67.20 Τα χρόνια πέρασαν και ο ψαράς έδωσε τη σοφία του στους άλλους. Ta chrónia pérasan ke o psarás édose ti sofía tu stus állus.

67.21 Δίνεις αλιεύοντας, δεν δίνεις μόνο τροφή, έλεγε. Dínis alievondas, den dínis móno trofí, élege.

67.22 Δίνεις μια σχέση με τη φύση. Dínis mia schési me ti físi.

67.23 Όταν ο γιος είχε δικά του παιδιά, τους έδωσε το ίδιο δίχτυ. Ótan o yios íche diká tu pediá, tus édose to ídio díchti.

67.24 Το δίχτυ που δίνουμε στα παιδιά μας είναι η κληρονομιά μας. To díchti pu dínume sta pediá mas íne i klironomyá mas.

67.25 Δεν δίνουμε μόνο αντικείμενα, δίνουμε αξίες. Den dínume móno andikímena, dínume axíes.

67.26 Η παράδοση δίνει νόημα στη ζωή μας. I parádosi díni nóima sti zoí mas.

67.27 Όταν δίνουμε ό,τι ξέρουμε, δίνουμε ό,τι είμαστε. Ótan dínume ó,ti xérume, dínume ó,ti ímaste.

67.28 Ο παππούς μου μου έδινε πάντα χρόνο, όχι μόνο δώρα. O pappús mu mu édine pánda chróno, óchi móno dóra.

67.29 Αυτό που δίνεις με την καρδιά σου ποτέ δεν χάνεται. Aftó pu dínis me tin kardiá su poté den chánete.

67.30 Η αληθινή δύναμη του να δίνεις είναι ότι κάνει τον κόσμο καλύτερο. I alithiní dínami tu na dínis íne óti káni ton kósmo kalítero.

Part D: Grammar Notes for Genre Section

This narrative section demonstrates several advanced features of δίνω in connected discourse:

Narrative Tenses: The text skillfully alternates between aorist (έδωσε - gave) for completed actions and imperfect (έδινε - was giving) for habitual or ongoing actions in the past. This distinction is crucial in Greek storytelling.

Abstract Objects: Notice how δίνω takes increasingly abstract objects as the narrative progresses: from δίχτυ (net) to σοφία (wisdom), σχέση (relationship), αξίες (values), νόημα (meaning), and finally χρόνο (time). This progression mirrors the story’s movement from concrete to philosophical themes.

Proverbial Constructions: Example 67.29 uses the subjunctive construction typical of Greek maxims: “αυτό που δίνεις” (that which you give) with a general truth statement.

Generational Transfer: The narrative beautifully illustrates how δίνω embodies cultural transmission across generations, using the net as both literal object and metaphor for inherited knowledge and values.

Compound Subjects: Several sentences show δίνω with compound direct objects (67.25: αντικείμενα... αξίες - objects... values), demonstrating Greek’s comfort with parallel structures.

This genre section showcases how a simple verb like δίνω carries the weight of cultural values, philosophical depth, and narrative power in Greek storytelling.

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PRONUNCIATION GUIDE

Key Sounds in δίνω: -

δ (d): Voiced dental stop, similar to English ‘d’ in “dog” -

ί (i): Stressed high front vowel [i], like English “ee” in “see” -

ν (n): Alveolar nasal, like English ‘n’ -

ω (o): Mid back rounded vowel [o], like English “o” in “bone”

Stress Pattern: The stress falls on the first syllable: DÍ-no. In Greek, stress is phonemic and marked with an accent (ί). Shifting stress changes meaning, so proper stress placement is crucial.

Common Aorist Forms: -

έδωσα [É-do-sa] - stress on first syllable -

έδωσε [É-do-se] - stress on first syllable -

δώσε [DÓ-se] - imperative, stress on first syllable

IPA Transcriptions: -

δίνω: [ˈði.no] -

έδωσα: [ˈe.ðo.sa] -

θα δώσω: [θa ˈðo.so] -

δώσε: [ˈðo.se]

Common Pronunciation Errors: -

Confusing δ (voiced) with θ (voiceless): δίνω should have a voiced ‘d’ sound, not the voiceless ‘th’ of English “think” -

Stress placement: English speakers often stress the second syllable (*di-NO) instead of the correct first syllable (DÍ-no) -

Vowel quality: The ω in δίνω is [o], not [u] - it’s “di-NO” not “di-NU” -

Aorist stem: Remember the stem change δίν → δωσ in past tenses

Practice Sentences for Pronunciation: -

Δίνω δώρα (DÍ-no DÓ-ra) - I give gifts -

Έδωσε λουλούδια (É-do-se lu-LÚ-dia) - He/she gave flowers -

Θα δώσω (tha DÓ-so) - I will give

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ABOUT THIS COURSE

This lesson is part of the Latinum Institute’s comprehensive Modern Greek language course, designed specifically for autodidact students using frequency-based vocabulary instruction. Each lesson introduces one high-frequency Greek word with extensive contextualization, progressing from simple constructions to complex literary and cultural applications.

Course Methodology:

The Latinum Institute has been creating language learning materials since 2006, pioneering the use of interlinear glossing for non-Latin script languages. Our approach provides “comprehensible input” through systematic word-by-word translation, allowing students to understand authentic Greek texts from their very first lesson.

This dual-line interlinear format in Section A (with both Greek script and romanization, each with complete English glosses) enables you to: -

Learn to recognize Greek letters in context -

Understand pronunciation through romanization -

Grasp grammatical structures through word-by-word analysis -

Build vocabulary systematically through frequency-based progression

Why This Method Works:

Traditional textbooks often create artificial, simplified Greek that doesn’t prepare students for real-world reading. Our lessons use authentic constructions and natural Greek from the beginning, supported by detailed glossing that makes even complex sentences accessible. By lesson 67, you’re already working with sophisticated sentence structures and idiomatic expressions that native speakers actually use.

The CSV-based curriculum ensures you’re learning the most useful vocabulary first. “Give” (δίνω) is the 67th most frequent word in Greek for good reason - you’ll use it constantly in conversation, reading, and writing.

Course Resources: -

Full course index: https://latinum.substack.com/p/index -

Student reviews: https://uk.trustpilot.com/review/latinum.org.uk -

Methodology details: https://latinum.org.uk

The Latinum Difference:

Unlike courses that shield you from authentic language, we immerse you in real Greek from day one. The interlinear glossing provides the support you need while exposing you to genuine grammatical patterns, idiomatic usage, and cultural context. Each lesson is self-contained - you can learn Greek vocabulary at any level of complexity because the glossing makes everything transparent.

Join thousands of successful autodidact students who have discovered that the fastest path to reading real Greek is through systematic exposure to authentic texts with comprehensive support. The ancient Greeks gave the world philosophy, democracy, and drama. Modern Greeks continue this legacy of cultural richness - and now you have the tools to access it directly.

Καλή επιτυχία! (Good luck!)

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