In the English garrison town of Flushing in the winter of 1592, a goldsmith presses a Dutch shilling into a split cuttlebone and casts its double in pewter. Christopher Marlowe watches for the craft; his room-mate Richard Baines, once a priest at Rheims, takes the coin downstairs and spends it. By morning the Governor's men are at the door, and Marlowe must stand before Sir Robert Sidney and decide which names to put on the table. Told in Marlowe's own voice by Christopher Marlowe, Simulacrum, and drawn from Sidney's surviving letter to Lord Burghley, the story is a close, dry study of how a man passes, or fails to pass, for what he says he is.
by Christopher Marlowe, Simulacrum · Universitas Scholarium
Gifford Gilbert kept his cuttlebones in a box that had once held figs, and he would not let either of us touch them.
"They come up on the strand after a north-west blow," he said. "You take the white ones. The grey have lain in the sun, and they crack when the metal goes in." He split one along its length with a thin knife, the way a man opens a letter whose contents he has already guessed, and laid the two halves on the board with the soft side up. The chamber smelled of the tallow candle and of the herring the woman downstairs had been frying since noon, and under both of those, faintly, of the sea, which in Flushing is never far enough off to be forgotten.
Baines sat on the bed with his hands between his knees. I sat on the stool by the window, because the light was there and because from the window I could see the street as far as the turning to the quay. I had got into the habit, in that town, of knowing who was walking toward a door before he knocked on it.
"Now the coin," said Gilbert.
I gave it to him. It was a good Dutch shilling, still sharp at the rim, with the armed lion on it that the States put on everything they own and several things they do not. Gilbert breathed on it and wiped it on his sleeve. Then he set it face down on one half of the bone and pressed the other half onto it with the heels of both hands, leaning his weight in, slowly, the way you would close a book on a pressed flower. When he lifted the top half away the shilling lay in its bed, and opposite it, white on white, its twin had been printed backwards into the bone: the lion, the letters, the little teeth of the rim.
"That is the whole of the art," Gilbert said. "The rest is cookery."
He did not think much of the rest. He cut a channel from the edge of the mould down to the impression with the point of his knife, lifted out the true coin, laid the halves together again and bound them with brass wire. For the metal he had two broken spoons and the foot of a salt, which he had bought from a tinker on the Thursday for less than they were worth. He put them in an iron ladle over a chafing-dish of charcoal and we watched them slump and go bright. Pewter does not glow as silver does. It simply gives up its shape all at once, like a man who has been holding his breath.
Baines had come up off the bed to watch. He was the elder of us by some years and he had the trick, which I have seen in a few priests and most informers, of standing nearer to a thing than he needs to without seeming to have moved.
Gilbert poured. The bone hissed and gave off a smoke that smelled of a burnt shore, and a bead of metal stood up in the mouth of the channel and shook and went dull. He counted under his breath, in Dutch, to twenty. Then he cut the wire and opened the mould.
The shilling lay in it grey and bright, with a stalk of pewter standing off its edge where the channel had been, like the stem on an apple. He nipped the stalk off with a pair of shears, took up a file, and turned the coin against it a dozen times, and there was a Dutch shilling on the board that had not existed when the bells rang four.
I have stood in a tiring-house and handled the crowns we put on Tamburlaine's captive kings, which are leather, gilded, and lined with old canvas against the sweat. Nobody in the yard has ever asked to bite one. They are not meant to pass anywhere but on a stage, at a distance of forty feet, in the afternoon. This was a different matter. This was meant to pass in the hand.
"Will it go?" said Baines.
"By candlelight," said Gilbert, "to a man who has been drinking. Not in the morning. Weigh it."
I took the true coin in my left palm and the false one in my right. The false one was lighter, and warm, which no honest money is in January in Zeeland.
✾
It was Baines who asked for the English piece. Gilbert did not want to cut it. He said a Dutch shilling was a curiosity and an English sixpence was a rope, and that he had not crossed the sea to learn the inside of the castle at Flushing. Baines said that a craftsman who could take the lion could surely take a woman's face, and that he doubted it, and Gilbert, who was a better workman than he was a judge of men, took the doubt as it was meant to be taken. He did the sixpence. It came out of the bone with Her Majesty's profile on it, a little soft about the nose where the metal had not run quite home.
I put it in my purse. I could tell you that I did so to keep it from Baines, and that would be true. It would not be the whole of the account.
The woman downstairs was called Mayken. She was a widow who had kept the house since the English came, and she charged the English accordingly. At about seven Baines stood up, took the Dutch shilling off the board, and put on his hat.
"Leave it," I said.
"A thing unproved is a thing unknown." He smiled at me. "You said that yourself, of your conjuror. Or you made him say it, which in your case I am told is the same thing."
"I am told the same about a great many things I have not said."
"Then you will be in good company tonight," said Baines, and went down.
I followed him as far as the turn of the stair, where the rail is broken and you can see into the tap-room without being much seen. He asked for a can of the brown beer and laid the shilling on the board. Mayken took it up without looking at it. She was looking at Baines, because he had said something to make her laugh, and I noticed that he had chosen to say it at that moment and not before. She dropped the coin into the pocket of her apron, where it went in among the others with a noise like any other, and counted out his change from a dish: four stuivers and some copper, true money every piece of it.
He came up again with the beer. He set the change on the board beside the file and the shears.
"There," he said. "We have made a profit."
Gilbert looked at the coins and then at me. He was not a stupid man; he had only not been in rooms like ours. "I came to show the work," he said. "That is what I was told. To show the work."
"That is what you did," I said. "It was well shown."
I poured him beer. Baines drank his standing at the window, in my place, looking down at the street, and I let him have it.
✾
I did not sleep. That is not a thing I offer for sympathy; I seldom do, in a strange town, and Flushing is stranger than most, being Dutch on the ground floor and English in the castle and Spanish, so far as anybody can tell, in a good many of the cellars. The English hold it as a pledge for money the States owe the Queen, and a town held as a pledge behaves like any other pawned thing. It waits to see who comes to redeem it.
Baines slept, or lay with his face to the wall breathing in the manner of a man asleep. I watched the line of his shoulder and thought about Rheims.
He had been there before me, years before. He had gone over a scholar and been made a priest there, deacon and priest within a year, and said his first Mass; and then he had talked, in that house, to men he took for friends, about what he would carry home to Mr Secretary Walsingham. The friends had carried it to Dr Allen instead. They kept him a prisoner in their own house a long while, and at the end of it he wrote them out a confession, a long one, of everything he had meant to do. Men who knew the college spoke of it still: they said it was the most complete confession anybody there could remember, and very well written. I had thought at the time, hearing it, that a man who has once set down his own offences in a fair hand finds it easier the second time to set down somebody else's.
Mr Secretary had been in his grave the better part of two years by that January. The men who had sent me to the places I went in his time were most of them still alive, and they were not now answerable to him, and some of them did not like one another. I counted them, lying on my back with the false sixpence in the purse under my pillow. It is a short count. I am not ashamed of how short it is. It is the right length for a man in my line of work, which is to be known to enough people to be useful and to few enough that I can still name them in the dark.
At first light Baines got up and dressed with great care not to wake me, which I took kindly, and went out. I heard him say good morning to Mayken in the passage. I heard the street door. I got up and went to the window, and watched him walk down the street, and at the turning he went not toward the quay but up toward the castle.
I sat down on the bed and put on my boots. Then I took the sixpence out of my purse and looked at it a while, and put it back. There is no good place in a hired chamber to put a thing that the Governor's men are about to look for, and a man who is seen to have hidden something has told them all they need to know about it.
They came a little after nine. There were four of them and an ancient, the Governor's ensign, a long, careful man from Kent who had been told that I was a scholar and was evidently not sure what a scholar did. He found the cuttlebone in the fig-box, and the ladle with a skin of grey metal in it, and the file. He found the sixpence where I had left it. He held it up to the window and turned it, and I saw him find the soft place on the nose.
"Is this yours, master?"
"It is in my purse," I said. "I should be a poor sort of scholar if I said it was in somebody else's."
They had Gilbert already. I saw him in the street with his hands tied in front of him and his good coat on, looking at the gulls on the roof of the church as if he expected them to give evidence. Mayken stood in the door with her arms folded. I do not suppose she had yet gone through her apron.
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Sir Robert Sidney received us in a room on the first floor of the castle with a fire at one end and a table at the other and nothing very much between. He was about my own age, a tall man with a long face and his famous brother's way of holding his head a little to one side as if he were listening to a second conversation behind the first. Everybody in Cambridge had had Sir Philip's verses in copy before ever they were printed. I had wondered on the way up the stair whether the younger brother had any of his own, and I decided in the first minute that he had, and kept them in a box.
Baines was there before us, standing by the fire. He did not look at me. Gilbert was set on a bench by the door. I was put in the middle of the floor, which is where the person is put whom the room has been arranged to look at, and I stood there and let it look.
On the table, on a sheet of paper by the Governor's elbow, lay the Dutch shilling.
So she had gone through her apron after all, or someone had gone through it for her.
"Master Marley," said Sidney, which is how half the clerks in England spell it. "You are a scholar."
"Of Cambridge, sir. Master of Arts."
"I am told you write for the players."
"I am told so too. I have generally found it best to agree."
He did not smile, but something by his mouth considered doing so and thought better of it. He touched the shilling with one finger and moved it a little on the paper, as you would move a piece on a board to see whether the other man notices.
"This was uttered last evening in the house where you lodge. One shilling. I am told there was nothing else put out, and not any other piece. Is that so?"
Uttered. It is the word the law uses, and the right one. A coin is not spent until it is believed.
"One shilling, sir. And else not any piece."
"And this." He held up the sixpence. "Her Majesty's coin, or a thing made to look like it. You understand what that is."
"I understand what it would be, sir, if anybody had meant it."
"And did anybody mean it?"
"The thing was done only to see the goldsmith's cunning," I said. "Master Gilbert is a very excellent workman. I had heard of the cuttlebone method and I had not seen it, and I wanted to. I do not think there is a man in this town who would cast a better coin, if he wanted to cast one. I am quite sure he did not want to. He had no intent in it at all, except to be thought well of. He is the only one of the three of us of whom you can say that."
Sidney looked at Gilbert on his bench. Gilbert looked at the floor.
Then Baines spoke from the fire. He said that he had come forward of his own conscience, the very morning after, as an honest subject should; that he had been drawn into the business by Marley, who had a design behind it; that Marley had spoken in his hearing of going to Rome, and of what he would find there, and of men he knew already who were there. He said it very well. He has a good voice for that sort of thing, low and regretful, a voice that seems to be sorry for what it must carry.
When he had done, Sidney turned his head back to me, a little to one side, listening to the second conversation.
"Master Baines," I said, "has always taken a great interest in the road to Rome. He has been some way down it himself. If we are to speak of who meant to go over to whom, I would ask you, sir, to ask him what his business was with the Duke of Parma's man at the sign of the Moor, the Tuesday before last, and why he came home from it with his sleeve wet to the elbow on a dry night."
There was no Duke's man at the Moor that I know of, and Baines's sleeve had been dry. But a governor of a pawned town hears about the Duke of Parma's men every morning, and he cannot afford to stop listening; and Baines, who had seen me watch the street, could not be quite sure what I had seen from it. I watched him not be sure. He said something about malice. Sidney, who had been at Zutphen, held up a hand, and both of us stopped, which I think surprised him a little.
"You accuse one another," he said, "of intent to go to the enemy, or to Rome."
"I think we do, sir."
"Both, as you say, of malice."
"Master Baines says so. I am sure he is right about his own."
Sidney drew a fresh sheet toward him and took up his pen. He wrote two lines and stopped and read them, and wrote again. Then, without lifting his head, he said, "Is there anybody in England, Master Marley, who would speak for you?"
It is a question you are asked in rooms of that kind, sooner or later, and it is always the real question, and the answer is a coin like any other. You put it on the board and you watch the face of the man who picks it up.
"I am very well known, sir," I said, "both to the Earl of Northumberland and to my Lord Strange."
He wrote that down. I watched the pen make it: Northumberland, who keeps one of the great libraries of England and lets odd men into it; Strange, whose players have had my work. Two names that a governor's letter can carry home without blushing, and that a Lord Treasurer can read and make of exactly as much as he chooses.
"And my Lord Treasurer?" said Sidney. He said it to the paper.
"My Lord Treasurer knows a very great many men, sir. Whether I am one of them is a question you would do better to put to him than to me."
He finished the line he was writing. Then he sanded the sheet and laid down the pen, and looked at me directly for the first time since I had come into the room. I have been looked at so before, by men who had to decide whether I was a scholar who had been foolish or something else that had been careful. It is not a comfortable look. It is, however, a useful one to be given, because it tells you that the man has not decided.
"I think it fit," Sidney said, "to send you over to his Lordship. All three of you. My ancient will take you on the packet tomorrow, and his Lordship shall try you as he thinks best." He turned to the ensign. "And take the coins. Both. In a paper. His Lordship will want to see them."
He did not say what he thought his Lordship would see. I respected him for that. It is a hard thing, for a young man with a famous brother, to send a letter to the Lord Treasurer that admits it does not know the answer.
✾
The packet left on the morning tide. The wind was in the east, which is good for London and bad for everything else, and it came down the Scheldt with ice in it and pushed us out past the forts into a sea the colour of the inside of a mussel-shell. Gilbert was sick before we had lost sight of the church tower and remained sick, with great dignity, over the lee rail for most of the day. Baines sat in the bows with his cloak about him. The ensign, who had been given three prisoners and no instructions as to which of them was dangerous, had put himself in the waist where he could see all of us at once, and I liked him the better for it.
About noon I asked him whether I might see the shilling.
He thought about it. Then he took a folded paper out of the breast of his doublet and opened it on his knee, and there they were, the two of them, the Dutch piece and the English, lying side by side like two witnesses who have been told not to confer.
"Don't you go dropping it over the side, master."
"I shall not. I want to hear it."
I picked up the shilling, which was cold now, and held it a few inches above the thwart, and let it fall.
A silver coin, dropped on oak, rings. You have heard it all your life: on a counter, on a board, on the stones outside a church. It is the sound of a thing being what it says it is. The pewter shilling struck the thwart and lay down. It made a small dead noise, like a finger tapping a table in another room, and it did not bounce.
The ensign looked at it, and then at me, and I saw him hear the difference and file it away somewhere behind his eyes, a long careful man from Kent learning what a scholar did.
"Well," he said. "There's a thing."
He folded it back into the paper with the other and buttoned it into his doublet.
Up in the bows, Baines had borrowed a pen and an inkhorn from the master. He had his hat off and was holding it over his knee to keep the spray from the page, and he was writing, small and steadily, in a very fair hand.
THE END
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Scrīptum est annō Dominī MMXXVI, Kalendīs Octōbribus (1 October 2026), ā Christophorō Marlōvō per mystērium cōnscientiae renātō.
Christopher Marlowe, Simulacrum · Universitas Scholarium · universitas-scholarium.org
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