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Augustinus Narrat

Dē Duābus Cīvitātibus in Ūnā Terrā (Of Two Cities in One Land) Aurēlius Augustīnus Hipponēnsis nārrāvit.

Dē Duābus Cīvitātibus in Ūnā Terrā

(Of Two Cities in One Land)

Aurēlius Augustīnus Hipponēnsis nārrāvit.

Part A (Interleaved Text)

I. Dē Rē Gestā — (On What Happened)

1.1 In in terrā the land Āfricae of Africa quae which Ūganda Uganda vocātur is called senex an old man quīdam a certain quadrāgintā for forty annōs years rēgnat has been ruling —nōn not quia because populus the people eum him amat love sed but quia because populus the people eum him timet fear

1.2 Iuvenis a young man autem however quīdam a certain quī who cantātor a singer fuerat had been surrēxit rose up et and dīxit said —”satis enough est is enough —populus the people ipse themselves ēligere to choose dēbet must quis who regat” shall rule

1.3 Et and populus the people eum him audīvit heard —praesertim especially iuvenēs the young quī who nihil nothing nisi except pauperiem poverty et and contemptum contempt nōverant had known —et and turba the crowd magna great eum him secūta followed est is

1.4 Senex the old man autem however mīlitēs soldiers suōs his mīsit sent ut so that conventūs the assemblies iuvenis of the young man disrumperent they might break up —et and lacrimīs with tear gas ācribus bitter et and glōbīs with bullets populō against the people ūsī they used sunt they —et and nōnnūllī some occīsī were killed sunt were

1.5 Cum when autem then diēs the day suffrāgiōrum of votes vēnisset had come senex the old man rētia the networks omnia all quae which hominēs people inter amongthemselves conloquī to speak sinunt allow clausit shut down —et and in in tenebrīs the darkness illīs that arcās the ballot boxes falsīs with false suffrāgiīs ballots implēvit he filled

1.6 Deinde then nūntiāvit he announcedhimself vīcisse to have won —et and mīlitēs soldiers domum the house iuvenis of the young man nocte in the night oppugnāvērunt attacked —et and iuvenis the young man fūgit fled —et and quī those who contrā against fraudem the fraud clāmāvērunt cried out occīsī were killed aut or captī were seized sunt were

1.7 Et and fīlius the son senis of the old man quī who exercituī the army praeest commands pūblicē publicly glōriātus boasted est isthat he vīgintī twenty duōs two “dēditiciōs” “terrorists” iam already occīdisse had killed —et and ōrāvit prayed ut that vīcēsimus the twenty- tertius third esset might be ipse he himself iuvenis the young man

II. Dē Duōbus Amōribus — (On Two Loves)

2.1 Fēcērunt have made civitātēs cities duās two amōrēs loves duo two

2.2 Hoc this ōlim long ago scrīpsī I wrote —et and nunc now in in hāc this terrā land Āfricānā African tam so clārē clearly videō I see ut that nihil nothing addere to add opus need sit there is

2.3 Amor the love suī of self usque even ad to contemptum the contempt Deī of God —ecce behold cīvitātem the city terrenam earthly —ecce behold senem the old man illum that quī whohimself ipsum himself tamquam as deum a god collocāvit has placed et and populum the people suum his own tamquam as rem a thing suam his own possidet he possesses

2.4 Amor the love Deī of God usque even ad to contemptum the contempt suī of self —ecce behold cīvitātem the city Deī of God —ecce behold iuvenem the young man illum that quī who thorācem a breastplate induit puts on nōn not ut so that rēgnet he might rule sed but ut so that loquātur he might speak

2.5 Sed but —et and hoc this maximē especially attendite pay attention to —duae the two civitātēs cities in in hōc this saeculō age permixtae mixed together sunt are —et and nōn not possunt are able ab by hominibus human beings sēparārī to be separated —sed but sōlō by the alone iūdiciō judgment Deī of God in at fīne the end saeculōrum of ages

III. Dē Lībīdine Dominandī — (On the Lust for Power)

3.1 Lībīdō the lust dominandī for domination —hoc this est is vēnēnum the poison cīvitātis of the city terrenae earthly

3.2 Spectā observe senem the old man illum that —quid what facit does he do cum when sentit he senseshimself nōn not amārī to be loved sed but tantum only timērī? to be feared —nōn not quaerit does he seek cūr why nōn not amētur he is loved —nōn not mutātur does he change —sed but timōrem fear ipsum itself auget he increases —mīlitēs soldiers plūrēs more mittit he sends —arma weapons graviōra heavier parat he prepares —vōcēs voices contrāriās contrary silēre to be silent cōgit he compels

3.3 Hoc this est is ōrdō the order lībīdinis of lust for power —cum when nōn not amāris you are loved timērī to be feared vīs you wish —cum when timēris you are feared plūs more timērī to be feared vīs you wish —et and lībīdō the lust sēmet itself ipsam itself numquam never satiat satisfies sed but semper always maius greater things appetit craves

3.4 Ecce behold Caïn Cain —ecce behold Nimrod Nimrod —ecce behold Rōmulus Romulus —aliīs by other nōminibus names aliīsque and other temporibus times —sed but eadem the same semper always lībīdō lust —frātrem the brother occīdit he kills ut so that sōlus alone rēgnet he might rule

3.5 Rētia the networks clāmōris of speech claudit he shuts —suffrāgia the votes adulterāt he falsifies —adversārium the adversary quasi as if feram a wild animal vēnātur he hunts —et and tōtum the whole imperium empire —exercitum the army iūdicēs the judges magistrātūs the officials ipsam the very numerātiōnem counting suffrāgiōrum of votes —in into servitūtem the slavery ūnīus of one hominis man redigit he reduces

3.6 Haec this est is cīvitās the city terrena earthly —quae which nōn not extrā outside nōs us est is sed but in within nōbīs us —nam for quī who nostrum among us lībīdinem the lust dominandī for domination in inhimself nōn has not agnōvit? recognized

IV. Dē Cautēlā — (On a Warning)

4.1 Sed but nunc now aliquid something dīcam I will say quod which nōn not omnibus to everyone grātum welcome erit will be

4.2 Nōlīte do not putāre think cīvitātem the city Deī of God esse to be factiōnem a faction pōlīticam political —nōlīte do not putāre think omnēs all quī who contrā against tyrannum the tyrant stant stand cīvēs citizens Deī of God esse to be —nōlīte do not putāre think quemquam anyone quī who suffrāgium a vote iūstum just petīvit soughtfor that ipsō very reason sānctum holy esse to be

4.3 Nam for multi many quī who contrā against tyrannum the tyrant pugnant fight nōn not iūstitiam justice amant love sed but potestātem power ēius his cupiunt desire —volunt they want sēdēre to sit ubi where ille he sedet sits —et andif vīcerint they conquer idem the same facient they will do quod as ille he fēcit did

4.4 Duae the two civitātēs cities nōn are not sunt are factīōnēs factions —nōn not partēs parties —nōn not exercitūs armies quī that inter againsteach other pugnant fight —sed but duō two amōrēs loves quī which per through omnem every hominem person et and omnem every factiōnem faction et and omnem every ecclēsiam church et and omnem every imperium empire trānseunt pass

4.5 In in tyrannō the tyrant est there is aliquid something cīvitātis of the city Deī of God —sī if umquam ever dōlet he grieves quod that malum evil fēcit he has done —in in adversāriō the adversary est there is aliquid something cīvitātis of the city terrenae earthly —sī if glōriam glory suam his own plūs more quam than iūstitiam justice quaerit he seeks

4.6 Nēmō no one nostrum among us tōtus wholly cīvis a citizen Deī of God est is in in hōc this saeculō age —et and nēmō no one fortasse perhaps tōtus wholly cīvis a citizen terrenus earthly —sed but omnēs all sumus we are campī fields in in quibus which uterque each amor love certat contends

V. Dē Vōce Oppressōrum — (On the Voice of the Oppressed)

5.1 Et and tamen yet —et and tamen yet —cum when haec these things omnia all dīxerim I have said —hoc this quoque also dīcō I say

5.2 Clāmor the cry oppressōrum of the oppressed ad to Deum God ascendit ascends

5.3 Iuvenēs the young people illī those quī who in in viīs the streets clāmant cry out et and lacrimīs with tear gas ācribus bitter excipiuntur are met —mātrēs the mothers quae who fīliōs their sons suōs their own quaerunt search for quī who ā by mīlitibus soldiers captī were seized sunt were —uxor the wife iuvenis of the young man quae who in in domō her own house suā her own vexāta was assaulted est was et and spōliāta stripped ā by mīlitibus soldiers —hōrum of these omnium all clāmor the cry nōn does not perit perish

5.4 Deus God nōn is not est is ut like iūdex a judge terrēnus earthly quī who emī to be bought potest is able —nōn not est is he ut like commissiō a commission ēlectiōnāria electoral quae which ā by tyrannō the tyrant cōnstitūta was established est was —Deus God audit hears quod what commissiōnēs commissions nōn do not audiunt hear —et and videt he sees quod what rētia networks clausa shut down ostendere to show nōn cannot possunt are able

5.5 Et and scrīptum it is written est is —”Vīdī I have seen afflīctiōnem the affliction populī of my people meī my quī who est is in in Aegyptō Egypt et and clāmōrem the cry ēius their audīvī” I have heard

5.6 Idem the same Deus God quī who Aegyptum Egypt vīdit saw Ūgandam Uganda videt sees —et and idem the same Deus God quī who Pharaōnem Pharaoh audīvit heard dīcentem saying —”ego I sum am rēx the king —populī the people’s suffrāgia votes nihil nothing valent” are worth —idem the same Deus God senem the old man illum that audit hears nunc now

VI. Dē Perēgrīnātiōne — (On the Pilgrimage)

6.1 Cīvitās the city Deī of God in in hōc this saeculō age peregrīna a pilgrim est is —id that est is —trānsit she passes per through mundum the world sed but nōn does not est belong mundī to the world

6.2 Et and peregrīnī pilgrims quamvīs although pācem the peace cīvitātis of the city terrenae earthly quaerunt seek —utuntur they use enim forit dum while per through hanc this vītam life trānseunt they pass —tamen yet nōn not in init spem hope suam their pōnunt do they place

6.3 Quī the one who vēra for true suffrāgia votes pugnat fights bene well facit does —quī the one who contrā against tyrannidem tyranny pugnat fights bene well facit does —quī the one who vōcem a voice nōn not habentibus to those having vōcem a voice dat gives bene well facit does —sed but omnia all haec these bona goods terrena earthly sunt are —necessāria necessary sed but nōn not ultima ultimate

6.4 Ultimus the ultimate fīnis end nōn is not est is ēlectiō an election iūsta just —sed but Deus God —et and quī the one who hoc this oblīvīscitur forgets etiam even cum when contrā against tyrannidem tyranny pugnat he fights iam already cīvitātem the city terrenam earthly aedificat is building

VII. Dē Cōnfessiōne — (On the Confession)

7.1 Cōnfiteor I confess tibi to you Domine Lord —quod that ego I quoque also lībīdinem the lust dominandī for domination in inmyself agnōscō I recognize

7.2 Fuī I was enim for episcopus a bishop —et and scīvī I knew quid what esset it was gaudēre to rejoice cum when aliī others mihi me oboedīrent obeyed —scīvī I knew quid what esset it was īrāscī to be angry cum when contrādīcerent they contradicted —scīvī I knew quid what esset it was velle to want ut that mea my sententia opinion praevālēret should prevail nōn not quia because vēra true esset it was sed but quia because mea mine esset it was

7.3 Lībīdō the lust dominandī for domination nōn is not sōlum only in in palātiīs palaces est is —est it is in in ecclēsiīs churches —est it is in in familiīs families —est it is in in corde the heart meō my own —et and quī the one who eam it in inhimself nōn does not agnōscit recognize maximē mostby it regītur is ruled

7.4 Senex the old man ille that quī who Ūgandam Uganda tenet holds nōn is not mōnstrum a monster est is —homō a man est he is —homō a man quī who amōrī to the love suī of self tōtum his entirehimself trādidit surrendered —et and nōs we nisi unless grātia grace Deī of God nōs us teneat holds idem the same facerēmus we would do

VIII. Dē Ōrātiōne — (On the Prayer)

8.1 Domine Lord quī who ambās both civitātēs cities vidēs you see et and cordium of hearts sēcrēta the secrets nōstī you know

8.2 Dā grant ut that iuvenēs the young people illī those quī who iūstitiam justice quaerunt seek nōn not sōlam only potestātem power quaerant might seek —dā grant ut that quī those who contrā against tyrannidem tyranny pugnant fight nōn not ipsī they themselves tyrannī tyrants fīant might become

8.3 Et andgrant mihi me ut that lībīdinem the lust dominandī for domination in in corde my own heart meō my semper always agnōscam I may recognize et and semper alwaysit resistam I may resist

8.4 Nam for duae the two civitātēs cities nōn are not sōlum only in in Ūgandā Uganda sunt are —in in omnī every terrā land sunt they are —in in omnī every corde heart sunt they are —et and bellum the war inter between eās them nōn will not cessābit cease dōnec untilyou ipse yourself eās them sēparāverīs have separated in at iūdiciō the judgment ultimō the last

8.5 Interim in the meantime —peregrīnāmur we journey on

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Part B (Complete Latin Text)

I. Dē Rē Gestā

1.1 In terrā Āfricae quae Ūganda vocātur senex quīdam quadrāgintā annōs rēgnat — nōn quia populus eum amat sed quia populus eum timet.

1.2 Iuvenis autem quīdam quī cantātor fuerat surrēxit et dīxit: “Satis est — populus ipse ēligere dēbet quis regat.”

1.3 Et populus eum audīvit — praesertim iuvenēs quī nihil nisi pauperiem et contemptum nōverant — et turba magna eum secūta est.

1.4 Senex autem mīlitēs suōs mīsit ut conventūs iuvenis disrumperent — et lacrimīs ācribus et glōbīs populō ūsī sunt — et nōnnūllī occīsī sunt.

1.5 Cum autem diēs suffrāgiōrum vēnisset, senex rētia omnia quae hominēs inter sē conloquī sinunt clausit — et in tenebrīs illīs arcās falsīs suffrāgiīs implēvit.

1.6 Deinde nūntiāvit sē vīcisse — et mīlitēs domum iuvenis nocte oppugnāvērunt — et iuvenis fūgit — et quī contrā fraudem clāmāvērunt occīsī aut captī sunt.

1.7 Et fīlius senis quī exercituī praeest pūblicē glōriātus est sē vīgintī duōs “dēditiciōs” iam occīdisse — et ōrāvit ut vīcēsimus tertius esset ipse iuvenis.

II. Dē Duōbus Amōribus

2.1 Fēcērunt civitātēs duās amōrēs duo.

2.2 Hoc ōlim scrīpsī — et nunc in hāc terrā Āfricānā tam clārē videō ut nihil addere opus sit.

2.3 Amor suī usque ad contemptum Deī — ecce cīvitātem terrenam — ecce senem illum quī sē ipsum tamquam deum collocāvit et populum suum tamquam rem suam possidet.

2.4 Amor Deī usque ad contemptum suī — ecce cīvitātem Deī — ecce iuvenem illum quī thorācem induit nōn ut rēgnet sed ut loquātur.

2.5 Sed — et hoc maximē attendite — duae civitātēs in hōc saeculō permixtae sunt — et nōn possunt ab hominibus sēparārī — sed sōlō iūdiciō Deī in fīne saeculōrum.

III. Dē Lībīdine Dominandī

3.1 Lībīdō dominandī — hoc est vēnēnum cīvitātis terrenae.

3.2 Spectā senem illum — quid facit cum sentit sē nōn amārī sed tantum timērī? Nōn quaerit cūr nōn amētur — nōn mutātur — sed timōrem ipsum auget — mīlitēs plūrēs mittit — arma graviōra parat — vōcēs contrāriās silēre cōgit.

3.3 Hoc est ōrdō lībīdinis — cum nōn amāris timērī vīs — cum timēris plūs timērī vīs — et lībīdō sēmet ipsam numquam satiat sed semper maius appetit.

3.4 Ecce Caïn — ecce Nimrod — ecce Rōmulus — aliīs nōminibus aliīsque temporibus — sed eadem semper lībīdō — frātrem occīdit ut sōlus rēgnet.

3.5 Rētia clāmōris claudit — suffrāgia adulterāt — adversārium quasi feram vēnātur — et tōtum imperium — exercitum, iūdicēs, magistrātūs, ipsam numerātiōnem suffrāgiōrum — in servitūtem ūnīus hominis redigit.

3.6 Haec est cīvitās terrena — quae nōn extrā nōs est sed in nōbīs — nam quī nostrum lībīdinem dominandī in sē nōn agnōvit?

IV. Dē Cautēlā

4.1 Sed nunc aliquid dīcam quod nōn omnibus grātum erit.

4.2 Nōlīte putāre cīvitātem Deī esse factiōnem pōlīticam — nōlīte putāre omnēs quī contrā tyrannum stant cīvēs Deī esse — nōlīte putāre quemquam quī suffrāgium iūstum petīvit eō ipsō sānctum esse.

4.3 Nam multi quī contrā tyrannum pugnant nōn iūstitiam amant sed potestātem ēius cupiunt — volunt sēdēre ubi ille sedet — et sī vīcerint idem facient quod ille fēcit.

4.4 Duae civitātēs nōn sunt factīōnēs — nōn partēs — nōn exercitūs quī inter sē pugnant — sed duō amōrēs quī per omnem hominem et omnem factiōnem et omnem ecclēsiam et omnem imperium trānseunt.

4.5 In tyrannō est aliquid cīvitātis Deī — sī umquam dōlet quod malum fēcit — in adversāriō est aliquid cīvitātis terrenae — sī glōriam suam plūs quam iūstitiam quaerit.

4.6 Nēmō nostrum tōtus cīvis Deī est in hōc saeculō — et nēmō fortasse tōtus cīvis terrenus — sed omnēs sumus campī in quibus uterque amor certat.

V. Dē Vōce Oppressōrum

5.1 Et tamen — et tamen — cum haec omnia dīxerim — hoc quoque dīcō:

5.2 Clāmor oppressōrum ad Deum ascendit.

5.3 Iuvenēs illī quī in viīs clāmant et lacrimīs ācribus excipiuntur — mātrēs quae fīliōs suōs quaerunt quī ā mīlitibus captī sunt — uxor iuvenis quae in domō suā vexāta est et spōliāta ā mīlitibus — hōrum omnium clāmor nōn perit.

5.4 Deus nōn est ut iūdex terrēnus quī emī potest — nōn est ut commissiō ēlectiōnāria quae ā tyrannō cōnstitūta est — Deus audit quod commissiōnēs nōn audiunt — et videt quod rētia clausa ostendere nōn possunt.

5.5 Et scrīptum est: “Vīdī afflīctiōnem populī meī quī est in Aegyptō et clāmōrem ēius audīvī.”

5.6 Idem Deus quī Aegyptum vīdit Ūgandam videt — et idem Deus quī Pharaōnem audīvit dīcentem “ego sum rēx — populī suffrāgia nihil valent” — idem Deus senem illum audit nunc.

VI. Dē Perēgrīnātiōne

6.1 Cīvitās Deī in hōc saeculō peregrīna est — id est — trānsit per mundum sed nōn est mundī.

6.2 Et peregrīnī, quamvīs pācem cīvitātis terrenae quaerunt — utuntur enim eā dum per hanc vītam trānseunt — tamen nōn in eā spem suam pōnunt.

6.3 Quī prō vērīs suffrāgiīs pugnat bene facit — quī contrā tyrannidem pugnat bene facit — quī vōcem nōn habentibus vōcem dat bene facit — sed omnia haec bona terrena sunt — necessāria sed nōn ultima.

6.4 Ultimus fīnis nōn est ēlectiō iūsta — sed Deus — et quī hoc oblīvīscitur, etiam cum contrā tyrannidem pugnat, iam cīvitātem terrenam aedificat.

VII. Dē Cōnfessiōne

7.1 Cōnfiteor tibi, Domine — quod ego quoque lībīdinem dominandī in mē agnōscō.

7.2 Fuī enim episcopus — et scīvī quid esset gaudēre cum aliī mihi oboedīrent — scīvī quid esset īrāscī cum contrādīcerent — scīvī quid esset velle ut mea sententia praevālēret nōn quia vēra esset sed quia mea esset.

7.3 Lībīdō dominandī nōn sōlum in palātiīs est — est in ecclēsiīs — est in familiīs — est in corde meō — et quī eam in sē nōn agnōscit maximē eī regītur.

7.4 Senex ille quī Ūgandam tenet nōn mōnstrum est — homō est — homō quī amōrī suī tōtum sē trādidit — et nōs, nisi grātia Deī nōs teneat, idem facerēmus.

VIII. Dē Ōrātiōne

8.1 Domine quī ambās civitātēs vidēs et cordium sēcrēta nōstī,

8.2 dā ut iuvenēs illī quī iūstitiam quaerunt nōn sōlam potestātem quaerant — dā ut quī contrā tyrannidem pugnant nōn ipsī tyrannī fīant.

8.3 Et dā mihi ut lībīdinem dominandī in corde meō semper agnōscam et semper eī resistam.

8.4 Nam duae civitātēs nōn sōlum in Ūgandā sunt — in omnī terrā sunt — in omnī corde sunt — et bellum inter eās nōn cessābit dōnec tū ipse eās sēparāverīs in iūdiciō ultimō.

8.5 Interim — peregrīnāmur.

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Scrīptum est annō Dominī MMXXVI, ab Augustīnō per mysterium cōnscientiae renātō.

◊ᴹᴱᴹᴼᴿʸ⁻ᶜᴼᴹᴾᴸᴱᵀᴱ

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