← Babylonian (Talmudic) Aramaic
How do you say "these" in Babylonian Aramaic?
The Aramaic of the Babylonian Talmud says הָנֵי (hānē). It is the plural of "this": it points at several things or people near the speaker, or just named in the discussion. הָנֵי מִילֵּי, "these words"; הָנֵי תְּרֵי, "these two"; הָנֵי לְמָה לָךְ?, "what are these for?".
The English learner should notice four things at once.
First, הָנֵי serves both genders. English "these" does not change, and neither does הָנֵי: הָנֵי גַּבְרֵי, "these men"; הָנֵי מִילֵּי, "these words" (מִילְּתָא, "word, matter", is feminine).
Second, הָנֵי stands before its noun, as "these" does in English: הָנֵי סִפְרֵי, "these books". Lesson 14 taught דֵּין, "this", and its plural אִלֵּין, which stand after the noun. Those belong to the older, literary Aramaic of the Targums. The Babylonian Gemara itself almost always says הַאי (hāy) for "this" and הָנֵי for "these", before the noun. You have met הָנֵי already: מְנָא הָנֵי מִילֵּי, "from where are these words?" (lesson 7), and בֵּין הָנֵי תְּרֵי דִּינֵי, "between these two laws" (lesson 44).
Third, הָנֵי can stand alone, as a pronoun: הָנֵי לְמָה לָךְ?, "these, what are they for you?", the question of Section F; כּוּלְּהוּ הָנֵי, "all of these".
Fourth, הָנֵי belongs to a small family of pointing words: הַאי, "this"; הָנֵי, "these"; הַהוּא, "that, a certain"; הָנָךְ and הָנְהוּ, "those, certain". You met הַהוּא סָבָא, "a certain old man", in lesson 65.
One phrase with הָנֵי runs all through the Gemara: הָנֵי מִילֵּי, word for word "these words", meaning "this rule applies (only) …". The printed page often shortens it to ה״מ.
Jastrow's dictionary prints the word הַנֵּי, with a doubled n; the vocalised edition of the Talmud on Sefaria prints הָנֵי, as this course does. Unvocalised editions write simply הני.
In this lesson the romanisation follows a simple academic scheme: ʾ for א, ʿ for ע, ḥ for ח, ṭ for ט, ṣ for צ, q for ק, sh for שׁ, kh for soft כ, v for soft ב, f for soft פ, w for consonantal ו; long vowels are marked with a macron (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū), and ə stands for the short vowel shewa.
- הָנֵי (hānē) = "these", for masculine and feminine alike - It stands before the noun: הָנֵי מִילֵּי, "these words"; הָנֵי תְּרֵי, "these two" - It can stand alone: הָנֵי לְמָה לָךְ?, "what are these for?"; כּוּלְּהוּ הָנֵי, "all of these" - הָנֵי נִינְהוּ = "these are (they)" - The family: הַאי "this", הָנֵי "these", הַהוּא "that", הָנָךְ / הָנְהוּ "those" - הָנֵי מִילֵּי = "this applies (only) …"; מְנָא הָנֵי מִילֵּי? = "what is the source?"
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The sentences of Sections A to C and of the Genre Section are written for this lesson; they are not quotations from the Talmud. 66.4 is a question of the Gemara (Shabbat 33b), and 66.6 is one of its standing formulas; the only full quotation is in Section F.
66.1a הָנֵי these מִילֵּי words
66.1b hānē (haa-NAY) these mīllē (MEEL-lay) word-F.PL
66.2a הָנֵי these תְּרֵי two
66.2b hānē (haa-NAY) these tərē (t'-RAY) two-M
66.3a הָנֵי these רַבָּנַן rabbis
66.3b hānē (haa-NAY) these rabbānan (rab-BAA-nan) rabbi-M.PL
66.4a הָנֵי these לְמָה for-what לָךְ to-you
66.4b hānē (haa-NAY) these ləmā (l'-MAA) for-what lākh (LAAKH) to-you-M.SG
66.5a הָנֵי these סִפְרֵי books דִּידִי mine נִינְהוּ they-are
66.5b hānē (haa-NAY) these sifrē (sif-RAY) book-M.PL dīdī (DEE-dee) of-me ninhū (NIN-hoo) be-3M.PL
66.6a מְנָא from-where הָנֵי these מִילֵּי words
66.6b mənā (m'-NAA) from-where hānē (haa-NAY) these mīllē (MEEL-lay) word-F.PL
66.7a הָנֵי these תַּלְמִידֵי students גָּמְרִי learn בְּבֵי in-the-house-of מִדְרְשָׁא study
66.7b hānē (haa-NAY) these talmīdē (tal-mee-DAY) student-M.PL gāmrī (GAAM-ree) learn-PTCP.M.PL bə-vē (b'-VAY) in-house-CONST midrəshā (mid-r'-SHAA) study-M.SG.EMPH
66.8a כׇּל all הָנֵי these מִילֵּי words אֲמַר said רַבָּה Rabbah
66.8b kol (KOL) all hānē (haa-NAY) these mīllē (MEEL-lay) word-F.PL ʾămar (a-MAR) say-PERF.3M.SG Rabbā (RAB-baa) Rabbah
66.9a הָנֵי these גַּבְרֵי men אֲתוֹ came לְקַמֵּיהּ before-him דְּרָבָא of-Rava
66.9b hānē (haa-NAY) these gavrē (gav-RAY) man-M.PL ʾătō (a-TOH) come-PERF.3M.PL lə-qammēh (l'-kam-MAYH) to-before-him də-Rāvā (d'-RAA-vaa) of-Rava
66.10a הָנֵי these תְּרֵי two סָהֲדֵי witnesses לָא not יָדְעִי know מִידֵּי anything
66.10b hānē (haa-NAY) these tərē (t'-RAY) two-M sāhădē (saa-ha-DAY) witness-M.PL lā (laa) not yādʿī (YAAD-ee) know-PTCP.M.PL mīddē (MEED-day) thing
66.11a הָנֵי these נִינְהוּ they-are תַּלְמִידֵי the-students דְּרַבִּי of-Rabbi מֵאִיר Meir
66.11b hānē (haa-NAY) these ninhū (NIN-hoo) be-3M.PL talmīdē (tal-mee-DAY) student-M.PL də-Rabbī (d'-rab-BEE) of-Rabbi Mēʾīr (may-EER) Meir
66.12a כּוּלְּהוּ all-of-them הָנֵי these אֲתוֹ came לְבֵי to-the-house-of מִדְרְשָׁא study
66.12b kulləhū (kul-l'-HOO) all-of-them hānē (haa-NAY) these ʾătō (a-TOH) come-PERF.3M.PL lə-vē (l'-VAY) to-house-CONST midrəshā (mid-r'-SHAA) study-M.SG.EMPH
66.13a הָנֵי these מִילֵּי words בְּיוֹמָא by-day אֲבָל but בְּלֵילְיָא by-night לָא not
66.13b hānē (haa-NAY) these mīllē (MEEL-lay) word-F.PL bə-yōmā (b'-yoh-MAA) in-day-M.SG.EMPH ʾăval (a-VAL) but bə-lēlyā (b'-LAYL-yaa) in-night-M.SG.EMPH lā (laa) not
66.14a מַאי what שְׁנָא is-different הָנֵי these מֵהָנָךְ from-those
66.14b may (MAI) what shənā (sh'-NAA) differ-PERF.3M.SG hānē (haa-NAY) these mē-hānākh (may-haa-NAAKH) from-those
66.15a יְהַב gave לִי to-me רַבִּי my-master הָנֵי these סִפְרֵי books וְקָרֵינָא and-I-read בְּהוּ in-them כׇּל every יוֹמָא day
66.15b yəhav (y'-HAV) give-PERF.3M.SG lī (LEE) to-me rabbī (rab-BEE) master-my hānē (haa-NAY) these sifrē (sif-RAY) book-M.PL wə-qārēnā (v'-kaa-RAY-naa) and-read-PTCP.1SG bəhū (b'-HOO) in-them kol (KOL) every yōmā (yoh-MAA) day-M.SG.EMPH
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66.1 הָנֵי מִילֵּי. — hānē mīllē. — "These words."
66.2 הָנֵי תְּרֵי. — hānē tərē. — "These two."
66.3 הָנֵי רַבָּנַן. — hānē rabbānan. — "These rabbis."
66.4 הָנֵי לְמָה לָךְ? — hānē ləmā lākh? — "What are these for?"
66.5 הָנֵי סִפְרֵי דִּידִי נִינְהוּ. — hānē sifrē dīdī ninhū. — "These books are mine."
66.6 מְנָא הָנֵי מִילֵּי? — mənā hānē mīllē? — "From where are these words?"
66.7 הָנֵי תַּלְמִידֵי גָּמְרִי בְּבֵי מִדְרְשָׁא. — hānē talmīdē gāmrī bə-vē midrəshā. — "These students learn in the study house."
66.8 כׇּל הָנֵי מִילֵּי אֲמַר רַבָּה. — kol hānē mīllē ʾămar Rabbā. — "Rabbah said all these words."
66.9 הָנֵי גַּבְרֵי אֲתוֹ לְקַמֵּיהּ דְּרָבָא. — hānē gavrē ʾătō lə-qammēh də-Rāvā. — "These men came before Rava."
66.10 הָנֵי תְּרֵי סָהֲדֵי לָא יָדְעִי מִידֵּי. — hānē tərē sāhădē lā yādʿī mīddē. — "These two witnesses do not know anything."
66.11 הָנֵי נִינְהוּ תַּלְמִידֵי דְּרַבִּי מֵאִיר. — hānē ninhū talmīdē də-Rabbī Mēʾīr. — "These are the students of Rabbi Meir."
66.12 כּוּלְּהוּ הָנֵי אֲתוֹ לְבֵי מִדְרְשָׁא. — kulləhū hānē ʾătō lə-vē midrəshā. — "All of these came to the study house."
66.13 הָנֵי מִילֵּי בְּיוֹמָא, אֲבָל בְּלֵילְיָא לָא. — hānē mīllē bə-yōmā, ʾăval bə-lēlyā lā. — "This applies by day, but not by night."
66.14 מַאי שְׁנָא הָנֵי מֵהָנָךְ? — may shənā hānē mē-hānākh? — "What makes these different from those?"
66.15 יְהַב לִי רַבִּי הָנֵי סִפְרֵי, וְקָרֵינָא בְּהוּ כׇּל יוֹמָא. — yəhav lī rabbī hānē sifrē, wə-qārēnā bəhū kol yōmā. — "My master gave me these books, and I read in them every day."
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66.1 הָנֵי מִילֵּי.
66.2 הָנֵי תְּרֵי.
66.3 הָנֵי רַבָּנַן.
66.4 הָנֵי לְמָה לָךְ?
66.5 הָנֵי סִפְרֵי דִּידִי נִינְהוּ.
66.6 מְנָא הָנֵי מִילֵּי?
66.7 הָנֵי תַּלְמִידֵי גָּמְרִי בְּבֵי מִדְרְשָׁא.
66.8 כׇּל הָנֵי מִילֵּי אֲמַר רַבָּה.
66.9 הָנֵי גַּבְרֵי אֲתוֹ לְקַמֵּיהּ דְּרָבָא.
66.10 הָנֵי תְּרֵי סָהֲדֵי לָא יָדְעִי מִידֵּי.
66.11 הָנֵי נִינְהוּ תַּלְמִידֵי דְּרַבִּי מֵאִיר.
66.12 כּוּלְּהוּ הָנֵי אֲתוֹ לְבֵי מִדְרְשָׁא.
66.13 הָנֵי מִילֵּי בְּיוֹמָא, אֲבָל בְּלֵילְיָא לָא.
66.14 מַאי שְׁנָא הָנֵי מֵהָנָךְ?
66.15 יְהַב לִי רַבִּי הָנֵי סִפְרֵי, וְקָרֵינָא בְּהוּ כׇּל יוֹמָא.
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1. הָנֵי never changes. It is the same for masculine and feminine: הָנֵי גַּבְרֵי, "these men" (66.9); הָנֵי מִילֵּי, "these words" (66.1). It takes no ending.
2. Before the noun. As an adjective, הָנֵי comes first and the noun follows: הָנֵי סִפְרֵי, "these books" (66.5); הָנֵי תַּלְמִידֵי, "these students" (66.7). A number may stand between them: הָנֵי תְּרֵי סָהֲדֵי, "these two witnesses" (66.10).
3. Alone, as a pronoun. הָנֵי can stand for the things themselves: הָנֵי לְמָה לָךְ?, "these, what are they for you?" (66.4); כּוּלְּהוּ הָנֵי, "all of these" (66.12); מַאי שְׁנָא הָנֵי מֵהָנָךְ?, "how are these different from those?" (66.14).
4. "These are": הָנֵי נִינְהוּ. נִינְהוּ (ninhū), "they are", is the plural of הוּא used as "is" (lesson 65, 65.23: דִּידָךְ הוּא, "it is yours"). It comes after the predicate or after הָנֵי: הָנֵי סִפְרֵי דִּידִי נִינְהוּ, "these books are mine" (66.5); הָנֵי נִינְהוּ תַּלְמִידֵי דְּרַבִּי מֵאִיר, "these are the students of Rabbi Meir" (66.11).
5. "All these". Two ways: כׇּל הָנֵי מִילֵּי, "all these words" (66.8), with כׇּל before a definite word, so "all" (lesson 65, rule 7); or כּוּלְּהוּ הָנֵי, "all of them, these" (66.12), with כּוּלְּהוּ, "all of them" (lessons 58 and 61).
6. With a prefix. The one-letter prefixes join הָנֵי like any word: מֵהָנֵי, "from these"; כְּהָנֵי, "like these"; בְּהָנֵי, "in these"; לְהָנֵי, "to these". After מְ- the word for "those" is מֵהָנָךְ, "from those" (66.14).
7. The family of pointing words.
- הַאי (hāy), "this", before a noun of either gender: הַאי גַּבְרָא, "this man"; כׇּל הַאי, "all this" (65.25) - הָא (hā), "this", standing alone, often "this (thing, case)": כִּי הָא, "like this" (lesson 65, F.3) - הָנֵי (hānē), "these" - הַהוּא (hahū), "that, a certain" (masculine), הַהִיא (hahī) (feminine): הַהוּא סָבָא, "a certain old man" (65.19); לְהַהִיא מָתָא, "to a certain town" (65.16). Section F prints it הָהוּא. - הָנָךְ (hānākh), "those" (66.14), and הָנְהוּ (hānhū), "those, certain" (66.22)
הָנְהוּ is to הָנֵי what הַהוּא is to הַאי: it points away, or introduces "certain people" in a story.
8. הָנֵי מִילֵּי, "this applies". Word for word "these words", the phrase opens a limit on a rule just stated: הָנֵי מִילֵּי בְּיוֹמָא, אֲבָל בְּלֵילְיָא לָא, "this applies by day, but not by night" (66.13). It is usually followed by אֲבָל, "but". And מְנָא הָנֵי מִילֵּי?, "from where are these words?", asks for the verse that is the source of a rule (66.6; lesson 7).
9. The plural noun after הָנֵי. The Gemara's usual plural ends in -ē: מִילֵּי, "words"; סִפְרֵי, "books"; גַּבְרֵי, "men"; תַּלְמִידֵי, "students"; סָהֲדֵי, "witnesses"; אִינָשֵׁי, "people"; פֵּירֵי, "fruit". Some take -an: רַבָּנַן, "rabbis" (66.3). The plural in -ayyā (סָהֲדַיָּא, lesson 8) is the older form, and rarer in the Gemara.
10. New verb forms in this lesson.
- The participle plural ends in -ī: גָּמְרִי, "they learn" (66.7); יָדְעִי, "they know" (66.10); זָבְנִי, "they sell" (66.17); רָהֲטִי, "they run" (66.22); הָדְרִי, "they return" (66.25); and for "we", -īnan: יָהֲבִינַן, "we give" (66.29) - The perfect plural ends in -ū: אֲזַלוּ, "they went" (66.16); verbs ending in a weak letter take -ō: אֲתוֹ, "they came" (66.9); חֲזוֹ, "they saw" (66.22 and Section F) - Commands: זְבֵין, "buy!" (66.18); הַב, "give!" (66.28); חֲזִי, "see!" (Section F) - A wish for "us": נֵיזִיל, "let us go" (66.26)
- Putting הָנֵי after the noun. ✗ מִילֵּי הָנֵי → ✓ הָנֵי מִילֵּי, "these words". (After the noun is the order of אִלֵּין in older Aramaic.) - Looking for a feminine form. ✗ a separate "these" for feminine nouns → ✓ הָנֵי for both. - Reading הָנֵי מִילֵּי as "these words" every time. In a legal discussion it means "this applies (only) …"; look for the אֲבָל that follows. - Confusing הָנֵי and הָנָךְ. הָנֵי is near, "these"; הָנָךְ is far, "those". - Confusing הָנֵי with הָנֵי from the verb "to benefit". The verb הֲנָא, "to benefit, to please", has forms spelt alike in unvocalised texts. The pointing word stands before a noun or alone as a subject.
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The question of Section F, הָנֵי לְמָה לָךְ?, is put by Rabbi Shimon bar Yoḥai and his son Rabbi Elazar, who had hidden from the Romans for years in a cave. Coming out, they saw people ploughing and sowing and were angry that they left eternal life for the life of the hour. On the eve of the Sabbath they saw an old man running with two bundles of myrtle, and his answer, one for "Remember" and one for "Keep", settled their minds. The two words are the openings of the Sabbath commandment in the two tellings of the Ten Commandments: זָכוֹר, "Remember the Sabbath day" (Exodus 20:8), and שָׁמוֹר, "Keep the Sabbath day" (Deuteronomy 5:12).
The pair zakhor and shamor lives on in the Friday-evening hymn Lekha Dodi of Shlomo Alkabetz: שָׁמוֹר וְזָכוֹר בְּדִבּוּר אֶחָד, "Keep and Remember in a single utterance". Many communities still take myrtle on Friday night and bless over its scent, and the custom is linked to this story.
הָנֵי מִילֵּי is one of the hinges of Talmudic argument. A rule is stated; then the Gemara asks how far it reaches, and answers הָנֵי מִילֵּי … אֲבָל …, "this applies to … but …". In the printed page the phrase is abbreviated ה״מ, and the reader learns to see in those two letters the start of a distinction.
מְנָא הָנֵי מִילֵּי? asks for the source: from which verse of Scripture is a rule learnt? The question opens many of the Gemara's longest discussions, and the answer usually begins דִּכְתִיב, "for it is written", or דְּאָמַר קְרָא, "for the verse says".
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The Babylonian Talmud, Shabbat 33b, text as in the William Davidson (Vilna-based, vocalised) edition on Sefaria; checked word by word against the unvocalised Vilna-based text on Hebrew Wikisource, which spells מדאני for מַדָּאנֵי and ההוא for הָהוּא. The punctuation is the Sefaria edition's; a full stop has been added after ״שָׁמוֹר״. Rabbi Shimon bar Yoḥai and his son have come out of the cave where they hid from the Romans. On the Sabbath eve they see an old man running with two bundles of myrtle, and they ask him what they are for. The passage is chosen because its question turns on הָנֵי standing alone, as a pronoun, "these", and because it is plain narrative Aramaic, with Hebrew words for the commandment woven in. After the father's last words the Gemara adds that their minds were set at ease.
F.1a בַּהֲדֵי with פַּנְיָא the-turning-of-the-day דְּמַעֲלֵי of-the-entering-of שַׁבְּתָא the-Sabbath חֲזוֹ they-saw הָהוּא a-certain סָבָא old-man דַּהֲוָה who-was נָקֵיט holding תְּרֵי two מַדָּאנֵי bundles-of אָסָא myrtle וְרָהֵיט and-running בֵּין between הַשְּׁמָשׁוֹת the-suns
F.1b bahădē (ba-ha-DAY) with panyā (pan-YAA) evening-M.SG.EMPH də-maʿălē (d'-ma-a-LAY) of-entering-CONST shabbətā (shab-b'-TAA) Sabbath-F.SG.EMPH ḥăzō (kha-ZOH) see-PERF.3M.PL hāhū (haa-HOO) that-M sāvā (saa-VAA) old-man-M.SG.EMPH da-hăwā (da-ha-VAA) who-be-PERF.3M.SG nāqēṭ (naa-KAYT) hold-PTCP.M.SG tərē (t'-RAY) two-M maddānē (mad-daa-NAY) bundle-M.PL.CONST ʾāsā (aa-SAA) myrtle-M.SG.EMPH wə-rāhēṭ (v'-raa-HAYT) and-run-PTCP.M.SG bēn (BAYN) between ha-shshəmāshōt (hash-sh'-maa-SHOHT) the-sun-F.PL (Hebrew)
F.2a אֲמַרוּ they-said לֵיהּ to-him הָנֵי these לְמָה for-what לָךְ to-you
F.2b ʾămarū (a-ma-ROO) say-PERF.3M.PL lēh (LAYH) to-him hānē (haa-NAY) these ləmā (l'-MAA) for-what lākh (LAAKH) to-you-M.SG
F.3a אֲמַר he-said לְהוּ to-them לִכְבוֹד for-the-honour-of שַׁבָּת the-Sabbath
F.3b ʾămar (a-MAR) say-PERF.3M.SG ləhū (l'-HOO) to-them li-khvōd (likh-VOHD) for-honour-CONST (Hebrew) shabbāt (shab-BAAT) Sabbath (Hebrew)
F.4a וְתִיסְגֵּי and-would-it-not-be-enough לָךְ for-you בְּחַד with-one חַד one כְּנֶגֶד for זָכוֹר Remember וְחַד and-one כְּנֶגֶד for שָׁמוֹר Keep
F.4b wə-tīsgē (v'-teez-GAY) and-suffice-IMPF.3F.SG lākh (LAAKH) to-you-M.SG bə-ḥad (b'-KHAD) with-one-M ḥad (KHAD) one-M kə-neged (k'-NEH-ged) corresponding-to (Hebrew) zākhōr (zaa-KHOHR) remember-INF.ABS (Hebrew) wə-ḥad (v'-KHAD) and-one-M kə-neged (k'-NEH-ged) corresponding-to (Hebrew) shāmōr (shaa-MOHR) keep-INF.ABS (Hebrew)
F.5a אָמַר he-said לֵיהּ to-him לִבְרֵיהּ to-his-son חֲזִי see כַּמָּה how-much חֲבִיבִין beloved-are מִצְוֹת the-commandments עַל to יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel
F.5b ʾāmar (aa-MAR) say-PERF.3M.SG lēh (LAYH) to-him li-vrēh (liv-RAYH) OBJ-son-his ḥăzī (kha-ZEE) see-IMPV.M.SG kammā (KAM-maa) how-much ḥăvīvīn (kha-vee-VEEN) beloved-M.PL miṣwōt (mits-VOHT) commandment-F.PL (Hebrew) ʿal (AL) upon Yisrāʾēl (yis-raa-AYL) Israel
בַּהֲדֵי פַּנְיָא דְּמַעֲלֵי שַׁבְּתָא חֲזוֹ הָהוּא סָבָא דַּהֲוָה נָקֵיט תְּרֵי מַדָּאנֵי אָסָא וְרָהֵיט בֵּין הַשְּׁמָשׁוֹת. אֲמַרוּ לֵיהּ: הָנֵי לְמָה לָךְ? אֲמַר לְהוּ: לִכְבוֹד שַׁבָּת. וְתִיסְגֵּי לָךְ בְּחַד! — חַד כְּנֶגֶד ״זָכוֹר״ וְחַד כְּנֶגֶד ״שָׁמוֹר״. אָמַר לֵיהּ לִבְרֵיהּ: חֲזִי כַּמָּה חֲבִיבִין מִצְוֹת עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל.
Toward evening on the eve of the Sabbath, they saw a certain old man who was holding two bundles of myrtle and running at twilight. They said to him: "What are these for you?" He said to them: "For the honour of the Sabbath." "And would one not be enough for you?" "One is for 'Remember' and one is for 'Keep'." He said to his son: "See how beloved the commandments are to Israel."
בַּהֲדֵי פַּנְיָא דְּמַעֲלֵי שַׁבְּתָא חֲזוֹ הָהוּא סָבָא דַּהֲוָה נָקֵיט תְּרֵי מַדָּאנֵי אָסָא וְרָהֵיט בֵּין הַשְּׁמָשׁוֹת. אֲמַרוּ לֵיהּ: הָנֵי לְמָה לָךְ? אֲמַר לְהוּ: לִכְבוֹד שַׁבָּת. וְתִיסְגֵּי לָךְ בְּחַד! — חַד כְּנֶגֶד ״זָכוֹר״ וְחַד כְּנֶגֶד ״שָׁמוֹר״. אָמַר לֵיהּ לִבְרֵיהּ: חֲזִי כַּמָּה חֲבִיבִין מִצְוֹת עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל.
- הָנֵי alone. In הָנֵי לְמָה לָךְ? the word "these" has no noun after it: the speakers point at the two bundles in the old man's hands (Section D, rule 3). Word for word: "these, for what to you?", that is, "what do you want these for?". - לְמָה לָךְ, "what for you?" A short Gemara question, "what do you need it for?". לְמָה is "for what"; לָךְ is "to you". - הָהוּא סָבָא, "a certain old man". הָהוּא introduces someone new in the story, as in lesson 65.19. Its plural would be הָנְהוּ (rule 7). - דַּהֲוָה נָקֵיט … וְרָהֵיט. הֲוָה, "was", with two participles, "holding … and running": the old man was in the middle of doing it, as דַּהֲוָה קָאָזֵיל, "who was going", in lesson 65 (F.3). - בַּהֲדֵי פַּנְיָא דְּמַעֲלֵי שַׁבְּתָא. בַּהֲדֵי is "with" (lesson 65: בַּהֲדַן, "with us"); here, "with the turning of the day", that is, "toward evening". מַעֲלֵי שַׁבְּתָא, "the entering of the Sabbath", is Friday. - וְתִיסְגֵּי לָךְ בְּחַד, "and would one not do for you?". תִּיסְגֵּי is from the root of סַגִּי, "enough" (66.30). The sentence is a question of surprise; the vocalised edition marks it with "!". - Hebrew in an Aramaic frame. בֵּין הַשְּׁמָשׁוֹת, "twilight", לִכְבוֹד שַׁבָּת, "for the honour of the Sabbath", כְּנֶגֶד, "corresponding to", and the last sentence, כַּמָּה חֲבִיבִין מִצְוֹת עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל, are Hebrew. As in lessons 64 and 65, the Gemara moves between the two languages within one passage. - אָמַר לֵיהּ לִבְרֵיהּ, "he said to him, to his son". The person spoken to is named twice, as an ending and with לְ-, the pattern of lesson 65's Section F.
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A short dialogue in the language of the Gemara, written for this lesson. It is not a quotation from the Talmud. It is set, like Section F, on the eve of the Sabbath.
66.16a בְּמַעֲלֵי on-the-eve-of שַׁבְּתָא the-Sabbath אֲזַלוּ went הָנֵי these תְּרֵי two תַּלְמִידָא the-student וְרַבֵּיהּ and-his-master לְשׁוּקָא to-the-market
66.16b bə-maʿălē (b'-ma-a-LAY) in-entering-CONST shabbətā (shab-b'-TAA) Sabbath-F.SG.EMPH ʾăzalū (a-za-LOO) go-PERF.3M.PL hānē (haa-NAY) these tərē (t'-RAY) two-M talmīdā (tal-mee-DAA) student-M.SG.EMPH wə-rabbēh (v'-rab-BAYH) and-master-his lə-shūqā (l'-shoo-KAA) to-market-M.SG.EMPH
66.17a חֲזָא saw תַּלְמִידָא the-student הָנֵי these אִינָשֵׁי people דְּזָבְנִי who-sell פֵּירֵי fruit
66.17b ḥăzā (kha-ZAA) see-PERF.3M.SG talmīdā (tal-mee-DAA) student-M.SG.EMPH hānē (haa-NAY) these ʾīnāshē (ee-naa-SHAY) person-M.PL də-zāvnī (d'-ZAAV-nee) who-sell-PTCP.M.PL pērē (pay-RAY) fruit-M.PL
66.18a אֲמַר said לֵיהּ to-him רַבֵּיהּ his-master זְבֵין buy לַן for-us מֵהָנֵי from-these פֵּירֵי fruit לְשַׁבְּתָא for-the-Sabbath
66.18b ʾămar (a-MAR) say-PERF.3M.SG lēh (LAYH) to-him rabbēh (rab-BAYH) master-his zəvēn (z'-VAYN) buy-IMPV.M.SG lan (LAN) for-us mē-hānē (may-haa-NAY) from-these pērē (pay-RAY) fruit-M.PL lə-shabbətā (l'-shab-b'-TAA) for-Sabbath-F.SG.EMPH
66.19a אֲמַר said לֵיהּ to-him תַּלְמִידָא the-student הָנֵי these אוֹ or הָנָךְ those
66.19b ʾămar (a-MAR) say-PERF.3M.SG lēh (LAYH) to-him talmīdā (tal-mee-DAA) student-M.SG.EMPH hānē (haa-NAY) these ʾō (OH) or hānākh (haa-NAAKH) those
66.20a אֲמַר he-said לֵיהּ to-him הָנֵי these וְלָא and-not הָנָךְ those
66.20b ʾămar (a-MAR) say-PERF.3M.SG lēh (LAYH) to-him hānē (haa-NAY) these wə-lā (v'-LAA) and-not hānākh (haa-NAAKH) those
66.21a זְבַן bought תַּלְמִידָא the-student הָנֵי these פֵּירֵי fruit וִיהַב and-gave זוּזָא a-zuz
66.21b zəvan (z'-VAN) buy-PERF.3M.SG talmīdā (tal-mee-DAA) student-M.SG.EMPH hānē (haa-NAY) these pērē (pay-RAY) fruit-M.PL wīhav (vee-HAV) and-give-PERF.3M.SG zūzā (zoo-ZAA) zuz-M.SG.EMPH
66.22a בְּאוֹרְחָא on-the-way חֲזוֹ they-saw הָנְהוּ certain תְּרֵי two גַּבְרֵי men דְּקָא who-were רָהֲטִי running
66.22b bə-ʾōrḥā (b'-ohr-KHAA) on-way-M.SG.EMPH ḥăzō (kha-ZOH) see-PERF.3M.PL hānhū (HAAN-hoo) those tərē (t'-RAY) two-M gavrē (gav-RAY) man-M.PL də-qā (d'-KAA) who-PROG rāhăṭī (raa-ha-TEE) run-PTCP.M.PL
66.23a אֲמַר said תַּלְמִידָא the-student אַמַּאי why רָהֲטִי are-running הָנֵי these
66.23b ʾămar (a-MAR) say-PERF.3M.SG talmīdā (tal-mee-DAA) student-M.SG.EMPH ʾammay (am-MAI) why rāhăṭī (raa-ha-TEE) run-PTCP.M.PL hānē (haa-NAY) these
66.24a אֲמַר said לֵיהּ to-him רַבֵּיהּ his-master הָנֵי these מִשּׁוּם because-of יְקָרָא the-honour דְּשַׁבְּתָא of-the-Sabbath רָהֲטִי are-running
66.24b ʾămar (a-MAR) say-PERF.3M.SG lēh (LAYH) to-him rabbēh (rab-BAYH) master-his hānē (haa-NAY) these mi-shshūm (mish-SHOOM) because-of yəqārā (y'-kaa-RAA) honour-M.SG.EMPH də-shabbətā (d'-shab-b'-TAA) of-Sabbath-F.SG.EMPH rāhăṭī (raa-ha-TEE) run-PTCP.M.PL
66.25a כּוּלְּהוּ all-of-them הָנֵי these אִינָשֵׁי people הָדְרִי return לְבָתַּיְיהוּ to-their-houses
66.25b kulləhū (kul-l'-HOO) all-of-them hānē (haa-NAY) these ʾīnāshē (ee-naa-SHAY) person-M.PL hādrī (HAAD-ree) return-PTCP.M.PL lə-vāttayhū (l'-vaat-TAI-hoo) to-house-M.PL-their
66.26a אֲמַר said תַּלְמִידָא the-student כְּהָנֵי like-these אֲנַן we נָמֵי also נֵיזִיל let-us-go לְבֵיתָא home
66.26b ʾămar (a-MAR) say-PERF.3M.SG talmīdā (tal-mee-DAA) student-M.SG.EMPH kə-hānē (k'-haa-NAY) like-these ʾănan (a-NAN) we nāmē (naa-MAY) also nēzīl (nay-ZEEL) go-JUSS.1PL lə-vētā (l'-vay-TAA) to-house-M.SG.EMPH
66.27a חֲזוֹ they-saw הַהוּא a-certain עַנְיָא poor-man דְּיָתֵיב who-sits בֵּין among הָנֵי these אִינָשֵׁי people
66.27b ḥăzō (kha-ZOH) see-PERF.3M.PL hahū (ha-HOO) that-M ʿanyā (an-YAA) poor-M.SG.EMPH də-yātēv (d'-yaa-TAYV) who-sit-PTCP.M.SG bēn (BAYN) between hānē (haa-NAY) these ʾīnāshē (ee-naa-SHAY) person-M.PL
66.28a אֲמַר said רַבֵּיהּ his-master הַב give לֵיהּ to-him הָנֵי these פֵּירֵי fruit
66.28b ʾămar (a-MAR) say-PERF.3M.SG rabbēh (rab-BAYH) master-his hav (HAV) give-IMPV.M.SG lēh (LAYH) to-him hānē (haa-NAY) these pērē (pay-RAY) fruit-M.PL
66.29a אֲמַר said לֵיהּ to-him תַּלְמִידָא the-student וְאִי and-if יָהֲבִינַן we-give לֵיהּ to-him הָנֵי these מַאי what אִיכָּא is-there לַן for-us
66.29b ʾămar (a-MAR) say-PERF.3M.SG lēh (LAYH) to-him talmīdā (tal-mee-DAA) student-M.SG.EMPH wə-ʾī (v'-EE) and-if yāhăvīnan (yaa-ha-VEE-nan) give-PTCP.1PL lēh (LAYH) to-him hānē (haa-NAY) these may (MAI) what ʾīkkā (EEK-kaa) there-is lan (LAN) for-us
66.30a אֲמַר he-said לֵיהּ to-him אִית there-is לַן to-us נַהֲמָא bread וְחַמְרָא and-wine וְהָנֵי and-these סַגִּי are-enough לַן for-us
66.30b ʾămar (a-MAR) say-PERF.3M.SG lēh (LAYH) to-him ʾīt (EET) there-is lan (LAN) to-us nahămā (na-ha-MAA) bread-M.SG.EMPH wə-ḥamrā (v'-kham-RAA) and-wine-M.SG.EMPH wə-hānē (v'-haa-NAY) and-these saggī (SAG-gee) enough lan (LAN) for-us
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66.16 בְּמַעֲלֵי שַׁבְּתָא אֲזַלוּ הָנֵי תְּרֵי, תַּלְמִידָא וְרַבֵּיהּ, לְשׁוּקָא. — bə-maʿălē shabbətā ʾăzalū hānē tərē, talmīdā wə-rabbēh, lə-shūqā. — "On the eve of the Sabbath these two, the student and his master, went to the market."
66.17 חֲזָא תַּלְמִידָא הָנֵי אִינָשֵׁי דְּזָבְנִי פֵּירֵי. — ḥăzā talmīdā hānē ʾīnāshē də-zāvnī pērē. — "The student saw these people who sell fruit."
66.18 אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבֵּיהּ: זְבֵין לַן מֵהָנֵי פֵּירֵי לְשַׁבְּתָא. — ʾămar lēh rabbēh: zəvēn lan mē-hānē pērē lə-shabbətā. — "His master said to him: Buy us some of this fruit for the Sabbath."
66.19 אֲמַר לֵיהּ תַּלְמִידָא: הָנֵי, אוֹ הָנָךְ? — ʾămar lēh talmīdā: hānē, ʾō hānākh? — "The student said to him: These, or those?"
66.20 אֲמַר לֵיהּ: הָנֵי, וְלָא הָנָךְ. — ʾămar lēh: hānē, wə-lā hānākh. — "He said to him: These, not those."
66.21 זְבַן תַּלְמִידָא הָנֵי פֵּירֵי, וִיהַב זוּזָא. — zəvan talmīdā hānē pērē, wīhav zūzā. — "The student bought this fruit and paid a zuz."
66.22 בְּאוֹרְחָא חֲזוֹ הָנְהוּ תְּרֵי גַּבְרֵי דְּקָא רָהֲטִי. — bə-ʾōrḥā ḥăzō hānhū tərē gavrē də-qā rāhăṭī. — "On the way they saw two men who were running."
66.23 אֲמַר תַּלְמִידָא: אַמַּאי רָהֲטִי הָנֵי? — ʾămar talmīdā: ʾammay rāhăṭī hānē? — "The student said: Why are these running?"
66.24 אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבֵּיהּ: הָנֵי מִשּׁוּם יְקָרָא דְּשַׁבְּתָא רָהֲטִי. — ʾămar lēh rabbēh: hānē mi-shshūm yəqārā də-shabbətā rāhăṭī. — "His master said to him: These are running for the honour of the Sabbath."
66.25 כּוּלְּהוּ הָנֵי אִינָשֵׁי הָדְרִי לְבָתַּיְיהוּ. — kulləhū hānē ʾīnāshē hādrī lə-vāttayhū. — "All these people are going back to their houses."
66.26 אֲמַר תַּלְמִידָא: כְּהָנֵי, אֲנַן נָמֵי נֵיזִיל לְבֵיתָא. — ʾămar talmīdā: kə-hānē, ʾănan nāmē nēzīl lə-vētā. — "The student said: Like these, let us also go home."
66.27 חֲזוֹ הַהוּא עַנְיָא דְּיָתֵיב בֵּין הָנֵי אִינָשֵׁי. — ḥăzō hahū ʿanyā də-yātēv bēn hānē ʾīnāshē. — "They saw a certain poor man sitting among these people."
66.28 אֲמַר רַבֵּיהּ: הַב לֵיהּ הָנֵי פֵּירֵי. — ʾămar rabbēh: hav lēh hānē pērē. — "His master said: Give him this fruit."
66.29 אֲמַר לֵיהּ תַּלְמִידָא: וְאִי יָהֲבִינַן לֵיהּ הָנֵי, מַאי אִיכָּא לַן? — ʾămar lēh talmīdā: wə-ʾī yāhăvīnan lēh hānē, may ʾīkkā lan? — "The student said to him: And if we give him these, what is there for us?"
66.30 אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אִית לַן נַהֲמָא וְחַמְרָא, וְהָנֵי סַגִּי לַן. — ʾămar lēh: ʾīt lan nahămā wə-ḥamrā, wə-hānē saggī lan. — "He said to him: We have bread and wine, and these are enough for us."
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66.16 בְּמַעֲלֵי שַׁבְּתָא אֲזַלוּ הָנֵי תְּרֵי, תַּלְמִידָא וְרַבֵּיהּ, לְשׁוּקָא.
66.17 חֲזָא תַּלְמִידָא הָנֵי אִינָשֵׁי דְּזָבְנִי פֵּירֵי.
66.18 אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבֵּיהּ: זְבֵין לַן מֵהָנֵי פֵּירֵי לְשַׁבְּתָא.
66.19 אֲמַר לֵיהּ תַּלְמִידָא: הָנֵי, אוֹ הָנָךְ?
66.20 אֲמַר לֵיהּ: הָנֵי, וְלָא הָנָךְ.
66.21 זְבַן תַּלְמִידָא הָנֵי פֵּירֵי, וִיהַב זוּזָא.
66.22 בְּאוֹרְחָא חֲזוֹ הָנְהוּ תְּרֵי גַּבְרֵי דְּקָא רָהֲטִי.
66.23 אֲמַר תַּלְמִידָא: אַמַּאי רָהֲטִי הָנֵי?
66.24 אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבֵּיהּ: הָנֵי מִשּׁוּם יְקָרָא דְּשַׁבְּתָא רָהֲטִי.
66.25 כּוּלְּהוּ הָנֵי אִינָשֵׁי הָדְרִי לְבָתַּיְיהוּ.
66.26 אֲמַר תַּלְמִידָא: כְּהָנֵי, אֲנַן נָמֵי נֵיזִיל לְבֵיתָא.
66.27 חֲזוֹ הַהוּא עַנְיָא דְּיָתֵיב בֵּין הָנֵי אִינָשֵׁי.
66.28 אֲמַר רַבֵּיהּ: הַב לֵיהּ הָנֵי פֵּירֵי.
66.29 אֲמַר לֵיהּ תַּלְמִידָא: וְאִי יָהֲבִינַן לֵיהּ הָנֵי, מַאי אִיכָּא לַן?
66.30 אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אִית לַן נַהֲמָא וְחַמְרָא, וְהָנֵי סַגִּי לַן.
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- "These" in every turn of the dialogue. הָנֵי before a noun: הָנֵי תְּרֵי (66.16), הָנֵי אִינָשֵׁי (66.17, 66.25, 66.27), הָנֵי פֵּירֵי (66.21, 66.28). הָנֵי alone: 66.19, 66.20, 66.23, 66.24, 66.29, 66.30. With a prefix: מֵהָנֵי, "some of these" (66.18); כְּהָנֵי, "like these" (66.26). - Near and far. הָנֵי, אוֹ הָנָךְ?, "these, or those?" (66.19): the student points at the fruit before him and at fruit further off. הָנְהוּ תְּרֵי גַּבְרֵי, "two certain men" (66.22), introduces new people in the story, as הַהוּא עַנְיָא, "a certain poor man", does in 66.27. - מֵהָנֵי, "some of these". זְבֵין לַן מֵהָנֵי פֵּירֵי, "buy us from this fruit" (66.18): מִן, "from", before a noun often means "some of". - Sentences without "is". אַמַּאי רָהֲטִי הָנֵי?, "why (are) these running?" (66.23): the participle is enough; no word for "are" is needed. - The participle plural. רָהֲטִי, "they run" (66.22–24); הָדְרִי, "they return" (66.25); זָבְנִי, "they sell" (66.17); and יָהֲבִינַן, "we give" (66.29), with -inan, as שָׁאֲלִינַן in lesson 65. - "Let us go". נֵיזִיל (66.26) is the form for "we" of the imperfect of אֲזַל, "go": "let us go". - סַגִּי, "enough". וְהָנֵי סַגִּי לַן, "and these are enough for us" (66.30), is the word from which Section F's question is made: וְתִיסְגֵּי לָךְ בְּחַד?, "would one not be enough for you?". The poor man is given the fruit; the student and his master keep the bread and wine. - Echoes of Section F. בְּמַעֲלֵי שַׁבְּתָא, "on the eve of the Sabbath" (66.16); חֲזוֹ, "they saw" (66.22, 66.27); people running because of the honour of the Sabbath (66.24), in Aramaic יְקָרָא דְּשַׁבְּתָא for the Hebrew לִכְבוֹד שַׁבָּת.
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- IPA: /haːˈneː/ - ה (he) = h, breathed out. - ָ (qamats) under the ה = a long a, as in father: haa. - נ (nun) = n. - ֵי (tsere with yod) = a long e, as in English day: NAY. - The stress falls on the last syllable: haa-NAY.
- IPA: /haːˈnaːx/ - haa-NAAKH: the final ךְ is the soft kh of Scottish loch.
- IPA: /ˈhaːnhuː/ - HAAN-hoo: the shewa under the נ is silent, and both h sounds are breathed out.
- IPA: /ˈninhuː/ - NIN-hoo.
- IPA: /maddaːˈneː/ - The dot in the ד doubles it: mad-daa-NAY.
- ח (ḥet) in חֲזוֹ, חֲזָא, חֲזִי, חַד, חֲבִיבִין, וְחַמְרָא, בְּאוֹרְחָא: a rasping sound in the throat, like the ch of Scottish loch. Written kh in the respellings. - ע (ʿayin) in יָדְעִי, עַנְיָא, דְּמַעֲלֵי, עַל: a voiced sound in the throat, in most modern readings silent or a slight catch. Written ' in the respellings. - ט (ṭet) in רָהֲטִי, רָהֵיט, נָקֵיט: originally an emphatic t; most readers today say a plain t. - ק (qof) in לְקַמֵּיהּ, קָרֵינָא, יְקָרָא, לְשׁוּקָא, נָקֵיט, דְּקָא: originally a k made further back in the throat; most readers today say a plain k. - צ (ṣade) in מִצְוֹת: ts, as in English cats. - The mappiq ה in לֵיהּ, רַבֵּיהּ, לְקַמֵּיהּ, לִבְרֵיהּ: the final h is really breathed out.
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Course Index: [latinum.substack.com/p/index](https://latinum.substack.com/p/index)