Lesson 83

Part A (Interleaved English and Latin Text)

83.1 Vir man sapiēns wise deum god timet fears

83.2 Hic this vir man doctus learned est is

83.3 Fortis brave vir man patriam country dēfendit defends

83.4 Iūstus just vir man vērum truth dīcit says

83.5 Virōs men bonōs good laudāmus we praise

83.6 Virō to man fortī brave praemium reward datur is given

83.7 Virī of man sapientis wise verba words audīmus we hear

83.8 Multī many virī men templum temple intrant enter

83.9 Virōrum of men piōrum pious exempla examples sequimur we follow

83.10 Cum with virō man bonō good ambulō I walk

83.11 Virīs to men fortibus brave grātiās thanks agimus we give

83.12 Omnēs all virī men mortalēs mortal sunt are

83.13 Virōs men sanctōs holy ecclesia church venerātur venerates

83.14 Fīlius son virī of man clārī famous sum I am

83.15 Virī men peccātōrēs sinners veniam pardon petunt seek

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Part B (Complete Natural Sentences)

83.1 Vir sapiēns deum timet. A wise man fears God.

83.2 Doctus est hic vir. This man is learned.

83.3 Patriam fortis vir dēfendit. A brave man defends his country.

83.4 Vērum iūstus vir dīcit. A just man speaks the truth.

83.5 Virōs bonōs laudāmus. We praise good men.

83.6 Fortī virō praemium datur. A reward is given to the brave man.

83.7 Sapientis virī verba audīmus. We hear the words of the wise man.

83.8 Templum multī virī intrant. Many men enter the temple.

83.9 Piōrum virōrum exempla sequimur. We follow the examples of pious men.

83.10 Cum virō bonō ambulō. I walk with a good man.

83.11 Fortibus virīs grātiās agimus. We give thanks to brave men.

83.12 Mortalēs sunt omnēs virī. All men are mortal.

83.13 Sanctōs virōs ecclesia venerātur. The church venerates holy men.

83.14 Clārī virī fīlius sum. I am the son of a famous man.

83.15 Veniam virī peccātōrēs petunt. Sinful men seek pardon.

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Part C (Latin Text Only)

83.1 Vir sapiēns deum timet.

83.2 Doctus est hic vir.

83.3 Patriam fortis vir dēfendit.

83.4 Vērum iūstus vir dīcit.

83.5 Virōs bonōs laudāmus.

83.6 Fortī virō praemium datur.

83.7 Sapientis virī verba audīmus.

83.8 Templum multī virī intrant.

83.9 Piōrum virōrum exempla sequimur.

83.10 Cum virō bonō ambulō.

83.11 Fortibus virīs grātiās agimus.

83.12 Mortalēs sunt omnēs virī.

83.13 Sanctōs virōs ecclesia venerātur.

83.14 Clārī virī fīlius sum.

83.15 Veniam virī peccātōrēs petunt.

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Part D (Grammar Explanation)

For English speakers learning Latin, vir follows these patterns: -

Declension: -

Second declension masculine noun -

Nominative singular: vir (no ending) -

Genitive singular: virī -

Special feature: no -us ending in nominative -

Forms: Singular: -

Nominative: vir -

Genitive: virī -

Dative: virō -

Accusative: virum -

Ablative: virō

Plural: -

Nominative: virī -

Genitive: virōrum -

Dative: virīs -

Accusative: virōs -

Ablative: virīs -

Usage: -

Often modified by adjectives showing character -

Common in titles and formal descriptions -

Used in religious contexts for "man" vs "God" -

Important in Christian texts referring to holy men -

Common Phrases: -

vir bonus (good man) -

vir sanctus (holy man) -

vir doctus (learned man) -

vir fortis (brave man)

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Part E (Cultural Context)

Understanding "vir" requires cultural context: -

Roman Society: -

Vir meant specifically adult male citizen -

Distinguished from puer (boy) and senex (old man) -

Implied moral and civic responsibility -

Central to concept of virtus (manliness, virtue) -

Christian Usage: -

Vir Dei (man of God) - common phrase -

Used in saints' descriptions -

Contrasted with secular usage -

Important in biblical translations -

Medieval Development: -

Became title of respect -

Used in scholarly contexts -

Part of religious vocabulary -

Important in hagiography -

Modern Relevance: -

Source of English "virile" -

Used in academic titles -

Found in church Latin -

Part of legal terminology

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Part F (Literary Citation)

From Augustine's "Confessions" (Book I.1):

Part F-A (Interleaved Text)

Part F-A (Interleaved Text)

Magnus great es, you are, Domine, O Lord, et and laudābilis praiseworthy valdē: greatly: magna great virtūs strength tua your et and sapientiae of wisdom tuae your nōn not est is numerus. number. Et and laudāre to praise tē you vult wishes homō, man, aliqua some portiō portion creātūrae of creation tuae your

Part F-B (Complete Translation)

Magnus es, Domine, et laudābilis valdē: magna virtūs tua et sapientiae tuae nōn est numerus. Et laudāre tē vult homō, aliqua portiō creātūrae tuae.

Great are you, O Lord, and greatly to be praised: great is your power and of your wisdom there is no measure. And man, some portion of your creation, desires to praise you.

Part F-C (Literary Analysis)

Augustine uses repetition of "magnus/magna" to emphasize God's greatness. The passage shows typical Christian Latin features: -

Direct address to God -

Use of biblical language -

Emphasis on human humility -

Theological vocabulary

Part F-D (Grammatical Notes)

-

"Magnus es" - predicate adjective with sum -

"laudābilis" - verbal adjective -

"sapientiae tuae" - genitive of possession -

"laudāre" - complementary infinitive with "vult" -

"creātūrae tuae" - partitive genitive

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Genre Section: Hagiography

Part A (Interleaved Text)

83.16 Beātus blessed vir man Benedictus Benedict regulam rule monachīs for monks scrīpsit wrote

83.17 Virī men sanctī holy in in monasteriō monastery orābant were praying

83.18 Multī many virī men religiōsī religious exemplum example eius his sequēbantur were following

83.19 Vir man Deī of God mīrācula miracles magna great fēcit performed

83.20 Sapientī to wise virō man discipulī disciples libenter gladly pārēbant were obeying

83.21 Virōrum of men sanctōrum holy vītās lives legimus we read

83.22 Virō to man iūstō just Deus God grātiam grace dedit gave

83.23 Vir man pius pious pauperibus to poor cibum food dabat was giving

83.24 Sanctī holy virī men verbum word Deī of God praedicābant were preaching

83.25 Vir man humilis humble in in servitūte service Deī of God vīvēbat was living

83.26 Virōs men probōs upright episcopus bishop laudāvit praised

83.27 Cum with virīs men sanctīs holy psalmos psalms cantāmus we sing

83.28 Virī men doctī learned librōs books sacrōs sacred studēbant were studying

83.29 Vir man bonus good peccātōrēs sinners ad to paenitentiam repentance vocābat was calling

83.30 Virōrum of men fidēlium faithful opera works laudantur are praised

Part B (Complete Natural Sentences)

83.16 Beātus vir Benedictus monachīs regulam scrīpsit. The blessed man Benedict wrote a rule for the monks.

83.17 In monasteriō virī sanctī orābant. Holy men were praying in the monastery.

83.18 Exemplum eius multī virī religiōsī sequēbantur. Many religious men were following his example.

83.19 Mīrācula magna vir Deī fēcit. The man of God performed great miracles.

83.20 Sapientī virō discipulī libenter pārēbant. The disciples gladly obeyed the wise man.

83.21 Sanctōrum virōrum vītās legimus. We read the lives of holy men.

83.22 Iūstō virō Deus grātiam dedit. God gave grace to the just man.

83.23 Pauperibus cibum vir pius dabat. The pious man was giving food to the poor.

83.24 Verbum Deī sanctī virī praedicābant. The holy men were preaching the word of God.

83.25 In servitūte Deī vir humilis vīvēbat. The humble man was living in the service of God.

83.26 Probōs virōs episcopus laudāvit. The bishop praised the upright men.

83.27 Psalmos cum virīs sanctīs cantāmus. We sing psalms with holy men.

83.28 Librōs sacrōs virī doctī studēbant. Learned men were studying sacred books.

83.29 Peccātōrēs ad paenitentiam vir bonus vocābat. The good man was calling sinners to repentance.

83.30 Fidēlium virōrum opera laudantur. The works of faithful men are praised.

Part C (Latin Text Only)

83.16 Beātus vir Benedictus monachīs regulam scrīpsit.

83.17 In monasteriō virī sanctī orābant.

83.18 Exemplum eius multī virī religiōsī sequēbantur.

83.19 Mīrācula magna vir Deī fēcit.

83.20 Sapientī virō discipulī libenter pārēbant.

83.21 Sanctōrum virōrum vītās legimus.

83.22 Iūstō virō Deus grātiam dedit.

83.23 Pauperibus cibum vir pius dabat.

83.24 Verbum Deī sanctī virī praedicābant.

83.25 In servitūte Deī vir humilis vīvēbat.

83.26 Probōs virōs episcopus laudāvit.

83.27 Psalmos cum virīs sanctīs cantāmus.

83.28 Librōs sacrōs virī doctī studēbant.

83.29 Peccātōrēs ad paenitentiam vir bonus vocābat.

83.30 Fidēlium virōrum opera laudantur.

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Part D (Grammar Explanation - Genre Section)

For English speakers studying medieval Latin hagiography, several important grammatical patterns emerge: -

Religious Vocabulary: -

vir Deī (man of God) - fixed phrase -

vir beātus (blessed man) - common title -

vir sanctus (holy man) - standard description -

vir pius (pious man) - frequent characterization -

Common Constructions: -

Ablative of accompaniment (cum virīs sanctīs) -

Dative of indirect object (virō... dedit) -

Genitive of possession (virōrum... opera) -

Present participles for ongoing action -

Verb Patterns: -

Historical present for vivid narration -

Imperfect for background description -

Perfect for specific actions -

Passive voice for formal praise -

Word Order Features: -

Adjectives often precede vir in titles -

Object-Subject-Verb common in formal style -

Emphasis through placement -

Chiastic patterns in formal writing

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