Lesson 96

Part A (Interleaved English and Latin Text)

96.1 Mīlitēs soldiers arma arms nova new portant carry

96.2 Arma arms in in templō temple posuimus we placed

96.3 Rex king mīlitibus to soldiers arma arms dedit gave

96.4 Hostēs enemies arma arms sua their amīsērunt lost

96.5 Dux leader arma arms vetera old videt sees

96.6 Virī men fortēs brave arma arms tenent hold

96.7 Ōrātor orator dē about armīs arms loquitur speaks

96.8 Puerī boys arma arms patrum of fathers spectant watch

96.9 Cum with armīs arms mīlitēs soldiers veniunt come

96.10 Sacerdōs priest arma arms benedīcit blesses

96.11 Sub under armīs arms diū long stābant they stood

96.12 Arma arms in in bellō war perdidimus we lost

96.13 Dominī lords arma arms splendida shining habent have

96.14 Sine without armīs arms pācem peace petunt they seek

96.15 Ad to arma arms virōs men vocant they call

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Part B (Complete Natural Sentences)

96.1 Mīlitēs arma nova portant. The soldiers carry new weapons.

96.2 In templō arma posuimus. We placed the weapons in the temple.

96.3 Mīlitibus rex arma dedit. The king gave weapons to the soldiers.

96.4 Arma sua hostēs amīsērunt. The enemies lost their weapons.

96.5 Arma vetera dux videt. The leader sees the old weapons.

96.6 Arma virī fortēs tenent. Brave men hold the weapons.

96.7 Dē armīs ōrātor loquitur. The orator speaks about weapons.

96.8 Arma patrum puerī spectant. The boys watch their fathers' weapons.

96.9 Cum armīs mīlitēs veniunt. The soldiers come with weapons.

96.10 Arma sacerdōs benedīcit. The priest blesses the weapons.

96.11 Sub armīs diū stābant. They stood under arms for a long time.

96.12 In bellō arma perdidimus. We lost our weapons in the war.

96.13 Dominī arma splendida habent. The lords have shining weapons.

96.14 Pācem sine armīs petunt. They seek peace without weapons.

96.15 Ad arma virōs vocant. They call the men to arms.

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Part C (Latin Text Only)

96.1 Mīlitēs arma nova portant.

96.2 In templō arma posuimus.

96.3 Mīlitibus rex arma dedit.

96.4 Arma sua hostēs amīsērunt.

96.5 Arma vetera dux videt.

96.6 Arma virī fortēs tenent.

96.7 Dē armīs ōrātor loquitur.

96.8 Arma patrum puerī spectant.

96.9 Cum armīs mīlitēs veniunt.

96.10 Arma sacerdōs benedīcit.

96.11 Sub armīs diū stābant.

96.12 In bellō arma perdidimus.

96.13 Dominī arma splendida habent.

96.14 Pācem sine armīs petunt.

96.15 Ad arma virōs vocant.

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Part D (Grammar Explanation)

For English speakers learning Latin, understanding "arma" requires attention to several key points: -

Form and Gender: -

Plural neuter noun (no singular form in common use) -

Second declension plural ending in -a -

Always used as plural in Classical and Medieval Latin -

Declension Pattern: Plural only: -

Nominative: arma -

Genitive: armōrum -

Dative: armīs -

Accusative: arma -

Ablative: armīs -

Special Uses: -

Often used with military vocabulary -

Common in metaphorical contexts -

Frequently appears with prepositions: -

cum armīs (with arms) -

sub armīs (under arms) -

ad arma (to arms) -

Common Phrases: -

arma nova (new weapons) -

arma splendida (shining weapons) -

ad arma vocāre (to call to arms) -

arma dare (to give weapons)

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Part E (Cultural Context)

For English speakers, understanding "arma" requires cultural context: -

Medieval Military Context: -

Weapons blessed before battle -

Different types for different social classes -

Symbolic importance in feudal society -

Religious significance in crusades -

Religious Symbolism: -

Spiritual warfare metaphors -

Blessing of weapons -

Church's role in warfare -

Christian military orders -

Social Significance: -

Mark of nobility -

Inheritance customs -

Training requirements -

Rights and responsibilities -

Modern Relevance: -

Source of English "arms" -

Military terminology -

Heraldic descriptions -

Legal terms about weapons

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Part F (Literary Citation)

From Augustine's "Confessions" (VIII.12):

Part F-A (Interleaved Text)

Part F-A (Interleaved Text)

Ubi where vērō indeed ā from fundō bottom arcānō secret alta deep cōnsiderātiō consideration contrāxit drew together et and congessit heaped up tōtam all miseriam misery meam my in into cōnspectum sight cordis of heart meī my, oborta having arisen est is procella storm ingēns huge, ferēns bearing ingentem huge imbrem rain lacrimārum of tears.

Part F-B (Complete Translation)

"Ubi vērō ā fundō arcānō alta cōnsiderātiō contrāxit et congessit tōtam miseriam meam in cōnspectum cordis meī, oborta est procella ingēns, ferēns ingentem imbrem lacrimārum."

But when from a secret depth deep reflection had drawn together and heaped up all my misery before the sight of my heart, there arose a mighty storm, bringing a mighty shower of tears.

Part F-C (Literary Analysis)

Augustine uses powerful metaphors of storms and rain to describe emotional and spiritual transformation. Key features: -

Metaphorical language -

Internal reflection theme -

Emotional intensity -

Natural imagery

Part F-D (Grammatical Notes)

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Ablative of source: ā fundō arcānō -

Perfect tense verbs: contrāxit, congessit -

Participial phrase: ferēns ingentem imbrem -

Genitive of possession: cordis meī

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Genre Section: Christian Military Prayer

Part A (Interleaved Text)

96.16 Deus God omnipotēns almighty arma arms nostra our benedīcat may bless

96.17 Mīlitēs soldiers prō for armīs arms suīs their ōrant pray

96.18 Arma arms in in manibus hands sanctificāta sanctified sunt are

96.19 Ante before proelium battle arma arms sacerdōs priest lūstrāvit purified

96.20 Cum with armīs arms benedictīs blessed pugnant they fight

96.21 Arma arms iustitiae of justice portāmus we carry

96.22 Per through arma arms fidēī of faith vincimus we conquer

96.23 Sacra sacred arma arms in in altārī altar pōnunt they place

96.24 Sub under cruce cross arma arms deponimus we lay down

96.25 Arma arms spīritālia spiritual contrā against malum evil sūmimus we take up

96.26 In in nōmine name Dominī of Lord arma arms benedicta blessed sunt are

96.27 Ante before bellum war arma arms sancta holy ferunt they carry

96.28 Arma arms lūcis of light induimus we put on

96.29 Cum with armīs arms pācis of peace servimus we serve

96.30 Ad to arma arms caelestia heavenly vocāmur we are called

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Part B (Complete Natural Sentences)

96.16 Arma nostra Deus omnipotēns benedīcat. May almighty God bless our weapons.

96.17 Prō armīs suīs mīlitēs ōrant. The soldiers pray for their weapons.

96.18 In manibus arma sanctificāta sunt. The weapons are sanctified in their hands.

96.19 Arma sacerdōs ante proelium lūstrāvit. The priest purified the weapons before battle.

96.20 Cum armīs benedictīs pugnant. They fight with blessed weapons.

96.21 Arma iustitiae portāmus. We carry the weapons of justice.

96.22 Per arma fidēī vincimus. Through the weapons of faith we conquer.

96.23 Sacra arma in altārī pōnunt. They place the sacred weapons on the altar.

96.24 Sub cruce arma deponimus. We lay down our weapons under the cross.

96.25 Arma spīritālia contrā malum sūmimus. We take up spiritual weapons against evil.

96.26 In nōmine Dominī arma benedicta sunt. The weapons are blessed in the name of the Lord.

96.27 Arma sancta ante bellum ferunt. They carry holy weapons before war.

96.28 Arma lūcis induimus. We put on the weapons of light.

96.29 Cum armīs pācis servimus. We serve with weapons of peace.

96.30 Ad arma caelestia vocāmur. We are called to heavenly weapons.

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Part C (Latin Text Only)

96.16 Arma nostra Deus omnipotēns benedīcat.

96.17 Prō armīs suīs mīlitēs ōrant.

96.18 In manibus arma sanctificāta sunt.

96.19 Arma sacerdōs ante proelium lūstrāvit.

96.20 Cum armīs benedictīs pugnant.

96.21 Arma iustitiae portāmus.

96.22 Per arma fidēī vincimus.

96.23 Sacra arma in altārī pōnunt.

96.24 Sub cruce arma deponimus.

96.25 Arma spīritālia contrā malum sūmimus.

96.26 In nōmine Dominī arma benedicta sunt.

96.27 Arma sancta ante bellum ferunt.

96.28 Arma lūcis induimus.

96.29 Cum armīs pācis servimus.

96.30 Ad arma caelestia vocāmur.

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Part D (Grammar Explanation with Christian Military Context)

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Religious Modifications of Military Terms: -

Use of spiritual genitives: armā lūcis, armā fidēī -

Metaphorical extensions: armā spīritālia -

Sacred contexts: in altārī, sub cruce -

Common Constructions in Christian Military Context: a) With Blessing Vocabulary: -

benedīcere + accusative -

sanctificāre in passive voice -

lūstrāre before battle

b) Prepositions: -

cum + ablative for accompanying circumstances -

in + ablative for location -

sub + ablative for hierarchy -

ad + accusative for purpose -

contrā + accusative for opposition -

Special Christian Military Phrases: -

arma iustitiae (weapons of justice) -

arma fidēī (weapons of faith) -

arma lūcis (weapons of light) -

arma caelestia (heavenly weapons) -

arma spīritālia (spiritual weapons) -

Voice and Mood Patterns: -

Passive voice for blessing: sanctificāta sunt -

Jussive subjunctive for prayer: benedīcat -

Present indicative for statements of faith -

Perfect tense for completed rites -

Word Order in Religious Context: -

Emphasis on sacred terms -

Verb-final for solemn statements -

Object-initial for focus on weapons -

Attributive adjective placement

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