29.1 The 这个 painting 画 was 被 created 创作 by 由 a 一个 famous 著名的 artist 艺术家
29.2 She 她 walked 走 by 经过 the 这个 store 商店 every 每个 morning 早上
29.3 The 这个 book 书 written 写 by 由 my 我的 teacher 老师 is 是 interesting 有趣的
29.4 Please 请 sit 坐 by 在旁边 me 我
29.5 We 我们 learn 学习 English 英语 by 通过 practicing 练习 every 每个 day 天
29.6 The 这个 train 火车 passes 经过 by 经过 our 我们的 house 房子 at 在 noon 中午
29.7 Step 走 by 经过 step 步, he 他 learned 学会了 to 去 swim 游泳
29.8 The 这个 project 项目 must 必须 be 被 finished 完成 by 在...之前 next 下个 week 周
29.9 They 他们 traveled 旅行 by 乘 plane 飞机 to 到 Beijing 北京
29.10 Little 小 by 一点 little 一点, she 她 improved 进步了 her 她的 English 英语
29.11 The 这个 building 建筑 was 被 designed 设计 by 由 a 一个 Chinese 中国 architect 建筑师
29.12 He 他 lives 住 by 靠近 the 这个 river 河
29.13 The 这个 message 消息 was 被 sent 发送 by 通过 email 电子邮件
29.14 Day 日 by 接着 day 日, the 这个 garden 花园 grew 生长 more 更 beautiful 美丽
29.15 Please 请 complete 完成 the 这个 form 表格 by 在...之前 tomorrow 明天
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29.1 The painting was created by a famous artist. 这幅画是由一位著名的艺术家创作的。
29.2 She walked by the store every morning. 她每天早上都会经过那家商店。
29.3 The book written by my teacher is interesting. 我老师写的那本书很有趣。
29.4 Please sit by me. 请坐在我旁边。
29.5 We learn English by practicing every day. 我们通过每天练习来学习英语。
29.6 The train passes by our house at noon. 火车在中午经过我们的房子。
29.7 Step by step, he learned to swim. 他一步一步地学会了游泳。
29.8 The project must be finished by next week. 这个项目必须在下周之前完成。
29.9 They traveled by plane to Beijing. 他们乘飞机去北京。
29.10 Little by little, she improved her English. 她渐渐地提高了英语水平。
29.11 The building was designed by a Chinese architect. 这座建筑是由一位中国建筑师设计的。
29.12 He lives by the river. 他住在河边。
29.13 The message was sent by email. 这条消息是通过电子邮件发送的。
29.14 Day by day, the garden grew more beautiful. 花园一天天变得更加美丽。
29.15 Please complete the form by tomorrow. 请在明天之前完成这份表格。
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29.1 The painting was created by a famous artist.
29.2 She walked by the store every morning.
29.3 The book written by my teacher is interesting.
29.4 Please sit by me.
29.5 We learn English by practicing every day.
29.6 The train passes by our house at noon.
29.7 Step by step, he learned to swim.
29.8 The project must be finished by next week.
29.9 They traveled by plane to Beijing.
29.10 Little by little, she improved her English.
29.11 The building was designed by a Chinese architect.
29.12 He lives by the river.
29.13 The message was sent by email.
29.14 Day by day, the garden grew more beautiful.
29.15 Please complete the form by tomorrow.
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对中文母语者来说,理解"by"的用法需要注意以下几点: -
主要用法: -
表示被动语态的执行者(被...完成) -
例如:"written by"(由...写的) -
对应中文的"被"、"由"、"给" -
表示方式或手段 -
例如:"by plane"(乘飞机) -
对应中文的"通过"、"靠"、"乘" -
表示位置(在...旁边) -
例如:"by the river"(在河边) -
对应中文的"在...旁边"、"靠近" -
时间相关用法: -
表示截止时间 -
"by tomorrow"(在明天之前) -
注意:这在中文中通常用"在...之前"表达 -
重复用法: -
"day by day"(一天天地) -
"step by step"(一步一步地) -
对应中文的"一...一..."结构 -
常见错误提示: -
不要混淆"by"和"in"、"at"的用法 -
被动语态中"by"不可省略 -
截止时间用"by"而不是"before"
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"by"的使用反映了英语和中文在思维方式上的一些重要差异: -
被动语态的表达: -
英语经常使用被动语态,需要用"by"指明执行者 -
中文倾向使用主动语态,或省略执行者 -
空间概念: -
英语用"by"表示临近,强调相对位置 -
中文更倾向用具体方位词如"旁边"、"边上" -
时间概念: -
英语用"by"表示截止时间,强调最后期限 -
中文通常用"之前"或"以前",概念相对模糊 -
交通工具的表达: -
英语用"by + 交通工具" -
中文用"乘"、"坐"等具体动词 -
工作场景中的应用: -
"by"在商务英语中频繁出现 -
了解其用法对职场英语很重要
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From "The Road Not Taken" by Robert Frost:
Two 两条 roads 路 diverged 分岔 in 在 a 一片 yellow 黄色的 wood 树林, And 而且 sorry 遗憾 I 我 could 能 not 不 travel 走 both 两条 And 并且 be 是 one 一个 traveler 旅人
"Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler"
两条路在黄色的树林中分岔, 可惜我作为一个旅人, 不能同时选择两条路。
这是美国诗人罗伯特·弗罗斯特最著名的诗作之一。这首诗通过"by"的隐含概念(通过选择、经由某条路)来探讨人生的选择。诗中虽然没有直接使用"by",但暗示了"通过"选择某条路而影响人生方向的主题。
-
"by Robert Frost"表示作者署名,是"by"表示创作者的典型用法 -
诗中的句式结构展现了英语诗歌的韵律特点 -
"in a yellow wood"而不是"by a yellow wood",说明"in"用于表示在其中,而不是在旁边
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29.16 Detective 侦探 Chen 陈 stood 站 by 在旁边 the 这个 window 窗户, observing 观察 the 这个 street 街道 below 下面
29.17 A 一个 mysterious 神秘的 letter 信 was 被 delivered 递送 by 由 an 一个 unknown 不知名的 messenger 信使
29.18 By 到 midnight 午夜, he 他 had 已经 discovered 发现 three 三个 important 重要的 clues 线索
29.19 The 这个 crime 罪案 scene 现场 was 被 photographed 拍摄 by 由 forensic 法医 experts 专家
29.20 One 一个 by 接着 one 一个, the 这些 witnesses 目击者 came 来 forward 前来 to 去 testify 作证
29.21 She 她 must 必须 have 已经 passed 经过 by 经过 the 这个 warehouse 仓库 during 在...期间 the 这个 robbery 抢劫
29.22 The 这个 case 案件 was 被 solved 解决 by 通过 careful 仔细的 analysis 分析
29.23 Day 白 by 接着 day 天, the 这个 investigation 调查 grew 变得 more 更 complex 复杂
29.24 The 这个 suspect 嫌疑人 was 被 identified 确认 by 由 security 安全 cameras 摄像头
29.25 They 他们 searched 搜查 the 这个 area 区域 by 用 flashlight 手电筒
29.26 Step 脚步 by 接着 step 脚步, Chen 陈 retraced 重走 the 这个 suspect's 嫌疑人的 path 路径
29.27 The 这个 evidence 证据 was 被 collected 收集 by 由 the 这个 forensic 法医 team 团队
29.28 Close 靠近 by 附近, they 他们 found 发现 the 这个 missing 失踪的 jewelry 珠宝
29.29 The 这个 criminal 罪犯 was 被 caught 抓获 by 通过 chance 偶然
29.30 By 到 dawn 黎明, the 这个 mystery 谜案 was 被 finally 终于 solved 解决
29.16 Detective Chen stood by the window, observing the street below. 陈侦探站在窗边,观察着下面的街道。
29.17 A mysterious letter was delivered by an unknown messenger. 一封神秘的信是由一位不知名的信使递送的。
29.18 By midnight, he had discovered three important clues. 到午夜时分,他已经发现了三条重要线索。
29.19 The crime scene was photographed by forensic experts. 犯罪现场被法医专家拍照取证。
29.20 One by one, the witnesses came forward to testify. 目击证人们一个接一个走上前来作证。
29.21 She must have passed by the warehouse during the robbery. 她一定是在抢劫发生时经过了那个仓库。
29.22 The case was solved by careful analysis. 这个案件是通过仔细分析解决的。
29.23 Day by day, the investigation grew more complex. 调查工作一天天变得更加复杂。
29.24 The suspect was identified by security cameras. 嫌疑人被安全摄像头识别出来。
29.25 They searched the area by flashlight. 他们用手电筒搜查了这个区域。
29.26 Step by step, Chen retraced the suspect's path. 陈一步一步地重走了嫌疑人的路线。
29.27 The evidence was collected by the forensic team. 证据被法医团队收集。
29.28 Close by, they found the missing jewelry. 在附近,他们找到了失踪的珠宝。
29.29 The criminal was caught by chance. 罪犯是被偶然抓获的。
29.30 By dawn, the mystery was finally solved. 到黎明时分,这个谜案终于被解开了。
29.16 Detective Chen stood by the window, observing the street below.
29.17 A mysterious letter was delivered by an unknown messenger.
29.18 By midnight, he had discovered three important clues.
29.19 The crime scene was photographed by forensic experts.
29.20 One by one, the witnesses came forward to testify.
29.21 She must have passed by the warehouse during the robbery.
29.22 The case was solved by careful analysis.
29.23 Day by day, the investigation grew more complex.
29.24 The suspect was identified by security cameras.
29.25 They searched the area by flashlight.
29.26 Step by step, Chen retraced the suspect's path.
29.27 The evidence was collected by the forensic team.
29.28 Close by, they found the missing jewelry.
29.29 The criminal was caught by chance.
29.30 By dawn, the mystery was finally solved.
在侦探故事这一特定体裁中,"by"的使用有其独特之处: -
时间标记: -
"by dawn"(到黎明时) -
"by midnight"(到午夜时) -
用于表示破案的关键时间点 -
调查方法: -
"solved by careful analysis"(通过仔细分析解决) -
"searched by flashlight"(用手电筒搜查) -
表示侦破案件的手段和工具 -
渐进过程: -
"step by step"(一步一步地) -
"day by day"(一天天地) -
"one by one"(一个接一个地) -
描述调查的渐进性 -
位置关系: -
"stood by the window"(站在窗边) -
"close by"(在附近) -
描述案件相关的空间位置 -
被动语态: -
"was photographed by experts"(被专家拍照) -
"was identified by cameras"(被摄像头识别) -
描述取证和调查程序 -
特殊用法: -
"caught by chance"(偶然抓获) -
"passed by the warehouse"(经过仓库) -
表示调查过程中的偶发事件
这些用法在侦探故事中频繁出现,帮助作者构建紧凑的叙事结构和专业的调查氛围。对中文读者来说,理解这些用法对于欣赏英语侦探小说很有帮助。
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