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Lesson 51

now
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Lesson 51 English for Mandarin Speakers: A Latinum Institute Language Course

now - 现在

第A部分 (详细的英语-汉语对照)

51.1 I 我 am 是 busy 忙 now 现在

51.2 Now 现在 I 我 understand 明白

51.3 Where 哪里 is 在 he 他 now 现在

51.4 We 我们 are 正在 eating 吃 now 现在

51.5 Do 做 it 它 now 现在

51.6 She 她 now 现在 lives 住 in 在 Shanghai 上海

51.7 I 我 cannot 不能 talk 说话 right 恰好 now 现在

51.8 Now 既然 that —, you 你 are 在 here 这里, we 我们 can 可以 begin 开始

51.9 From 从 now 现在 on 起, I 我 will 会 arrive 到达 early 早

51.10 Until 直到 now 现在, nobody 没有人 has [助动词] asked 问过 me 我

51.11 The — train 火车 should 应该 be 在 here 这里 by 到 now 现在

51.12 That 那 is 是 all 全部 for 暂时 now 现在

51.13 We 我们 go 去 to 到 the — cinema 电影院 now 此时 and 和 then 彼时

51.14 I 我 called 打电话给 you 你 just 刚刚 now 现在, but 但是 you 你 did [助动词] not 没 answer 接

51.15 Many 许多 people 人 now 现在 work 工作 from 从 home 家 because 因为 it 这样 saves 节省 time 时间

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第B部分 (完整英语句子及其中文翻译)

51.1 I am busy now. 我现在很忙。

51.2 Now I understand. 现在我明白了。

51.3 Where is he now? 他现在在哪里?

51.4 We are eating now. 我们现在正在吃饭。

51.5 Do it now. 现在就做。

51.6 She now lives in Shanghai. 她现在住在上海。

51.7 I cannot talk right now. 我现在没法说话。

51.8 Now that you are here, we can begin. 既然你来了,我们就可以开始了。

51.9 From now on, I will arrive early. 从现在起,我会早到。

51.10 Until now, nobody has asked me. 到现在为止,还没有人问过我。

51.11 The train should be here by now. 火车现在应该已经到了。

51.12 That is all for now. 暂时就这些。

51.13 We go to the cinema now and then. 我们偶尔去电影院。

51.14 I called you just now, but you did not answer. 我刚才给你打了电话,但你没接。

51.15 Many people now work from home because it saves time. 现在许多人在家工作,因为这样能节省时间。

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第C部分 (仅英语文本)

51.1 I am busy now.

51.2 Now I understand.

51.3 Where is he now?

51.4 We are eating now.

51.5 Do it now.

51.6 She now lives in Shanghai.

51.7 I cannot talk right now.

51.8 Now that you are here, we can begin.

51.9 From now on, I will arrive early.

51.10 Until now, nobody has asked me.

51.11 The train should be here by now.

51.12 That is all for now.

51.13 We go to the cinema now and then.

51.14 I called you just now, but you did not answer.

51.15 Many people now work from home because it saves time.

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第D部分 (语法说明)

对中文母语者来说,"now"就是"现在",但它的位置、搭配的时态和固定短语都与中文不同。"now"是表示时间的副词,意思是"此刻、目前",有时也表示"马上"。

A部分中,"—"表示这个词没有单独对应的中文词(如"the"),[助动词]表示助动词。

"now"的位置:

- 句末(口语中最常见):"I am busy now"(51.1)、"Where is he now?"(51.3) - 句首(强调,或引出下一步):"Now I understand"(51.2) - 句中,主语和动词之间(较正式,多见于书面语):"She now lives in Shanghai"(51.6)、"Many people now work from home"(51.15) - 中文的"现在"一般放在主语之后、动词之前,或放在句首,很少放在句末;英语的"now"放在句末完全自然

"now"与时态:

- 说"此刻正在发生"的事,英语用进行时,不能只用一般现在时:我现在吃饭 = "I am eating now"(51.4),不是"I eat now"。一般现在时表示习惯:"I eat at six" - "now"也常和现在完成时连用:"I have finished now"(我现在做完了) - 在日常对话里,"now"指说话的此刻,不指过去。中文的"刚才"要说"just now",并配一般过去时:"I called you just now"(51.14)。不要说"I called you now" - 在过去时的故事里,"now"表示"这时、此时":"Now the whole street was dark"(见下面的文体部分)

固定短语:

- right now = 现在、此刻、马上(51.7)。比"now"更强调"就是此刻" - just now = 刚才(51.14) - for now = 暂时、目前(51.12),如"That is all for now" - by now = 到现在、此时已经(51.11):"She will be on the plane by now" - until now = 直到现在(51.10) - from now on = 从现在起、今后(51.9) - now and then = 偶尔(51.13)。字面是"此时和彼时",意思与"现在"无关 - now that = 既然(51.8;A部分把"Now that"合在一起译为"既然","that"处用"—"表示不单独翻译)。"now that"引出原因或条件,后面的结果是新出现的:"Now that you are here, we can begin"。口语中"that"常省略:"Now you are here, we can begin" - now then = 好了,那么(用来开始说下一件事):"Now then, let's begin" - nowadays = 如今、现在这个时代。51.15 的"now"也可以换成"nowadays"

"now"作为话语标记:

- "Now, listen" = 好了,听着;"Now what?" = 接下来怎么办?这里的"now"不是在说时间,而是在引出下一步,常和"well"、"okay"连用

发音:

- "now"读作 /naʊ/,接近汉语"闹"(nào),但结尾的 /ʊ/ 要把嘴唇圆起来,不能拉成 /o/ - 不要读成"no" /nəʊ/(与"know"同音)。"now"与"how"、"cow"、"wow"押韵 - 部分方言区的学习者容易混淆 n 和 l,注意"now"以 n 开头,不要读成"low"

常见错误:

- "I eat now",想说"我现在正在吃"(应为"I am eating now") - "I called you now",想说"我刚才给你打了电话"(应为"I called you just now") - "I have called you just now"("just now"与现在完成时连用不是最自然的说法,一般用过去时) - 把"now and then"当作"现在然后"来理解(它的意思是"偶尔") - 把"now"读成"no",听写时把"now"写成"no"或"know"

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第E部分 (文化注释)

"now"是英语中最常用的词之一,几乎每天都会听到和看到。

语气和礼貌:

- 单独一句"Now!"或"Do it now!"是命令,语气很硬。日常请别人做事,要加"please"或用问句:"Could you send it now, please?" - "right now"听起来比"now"更急,有时带着不耐烦:"I need it right now"。中文的"马上"、"立刻"大致对应"right now" - 说"I'm busy right now"是婉拒的常见方式,意思是"现在不方便,以后再说"

招牌和广告中的"now":

- "Now open"(现已开业)、"Now showing"(正在上映)、"Now hiring"(现正招聘)、"Now boarding"(现在开始登机)、"Buy now"(立即购买) - 这些句子都省略了主语和动词,是招牌和广告的惯用写法

成语和谚语:

- "Now or never" = 机不可失,时不再来 - "There is no time like the present" = 做事最好的时候就是现在 - "Now you're talking!" = 这才像话!(表示赞同对方刚提出的办法)

书面和口语:

- 在新闻和报告里,"now"常放在句中,用来说明和以前不同:"The company now employs two hundred people" - 在日常对话里,"now"多放在句末或句首

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第F部分 (文学引用)

F-A部分 (详细英汉对照)

出自威廉·莎士比亚《理查三世》第一幕第一场(第1至2行):

Now 现在 is 是 the — winter 冬天 of 的 our 我们的 discontent 不满 / Made 被变成 glorious 辉煌的 summer 夏天 by 由 this 这 sun 太阳 of 的 York 约克

F-B部分 (完整翻译)

"Now is the winter of our discontent Made glorious summer by this sun of York;"

散文式翻译(Latinum Institute):"现在,我们不满的严冬,已被约克家的这轮太阳变成了辉煌的夏天。"

F-C部分 (文学分析)

这两行是《理查三世》的开场白,也是全剧的第一个词:"Now"。说话的是格洛斯特公爵理查,也就是后来的理查三世。莎士比亚写这部剧是在十六世纪九十年代初。理查说,战争的"冬天"已经过去,约克家族的爱德华四世登上了王位,国家迎来了"夏天"。

"sun"(太阳)和"son"(儿子)同音,是一个双关:约克家的"太阳",也是约克家的"儿子"爱德华。"Now"一开口就把观众带到了战乱刚结束的这一刻。然而理查接着说,他自己不适合和平的日子,决心做一个恶人。所以这个"现在"其实是全剧冲突的起点。

后来,约翰·斯坦贝克把这句话的前半部分用作小说《我们不满的冬天》(The Winter of Our Discontent, 1961) 的书名。

F-D部分 (语法注释)

- "Now"放在句首,后面的动词"is"在主语"the winter of our discontent"之前。这种"Now is the ..."的说法今天仍在用:"Now is the time to start"(现在是开始的时候) - "Made glorious summer"中的"made"是过去分词,意思是"被变成了",说明"the winter"现在已经变成了夏天 - "by this sun of York"中的"by"引出动作的发出者:被"约克家的太阳"所变 - "discontent"是名词,意思是"不满";"winter of our discontent"即"我们不满的冬天" - "of York"表示所属,"the sun of York"即"约克家的太阳"

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文体部分:动作叙事——《停电》

A部分 (详细的英语-汉语对照)

51.16 Mei 梅 was 正在 cooking 做 dinner 晚饭, and 而 now 这时 the — whole 整条 street 街道 was 是 dark 黑暗的

51.17 "Now 现在 what 什么?" she 她 said 说

51.18 Her 她的 brother 弟弟 Jun 俊 ran 跑 into 进 the — kitchen 厨房. "Is 是 the — power 电 off 断了 now 现在?" he 他 asked 问

51.19 "Yes 是的, now 现在 I 我 cannot 不能 see 看见 anything 任何东西," said 说 Mei 梅

51.20 "Wait 等 here 这里, Jun 俊. I 我 will 将 look 寻找 for — candles 蜡烛 now 现在"

51.21 Jun 俊 opened 打开 the — drawer 抽屉. Now 这时 he 他 held 拿着 three 三 candles 蜡烛 in 在 his 他的 hand 手

51.22 Mei 梅 lit 点燃 one 一支 candle 蜡烛, and 于是 the — kitchen 厨房 was 是 bright 明亮的 again 再次 for 暂时 now 现在

51.23 "Now 现在 listen 听," said 说 Mei 梅. "Stay 待 near 靠近 the — table 桌子 and 并且 do [助动词] not 不要 move 动"

51.24 They 他们 heard 听到 a 一个 loud 响亮的 noise 声音 outside 外面. Now 这时 the — wind 风 was 是 stronger 更强的

51.25 Jun 俊 looked 看 through 透过 the — window 窗户. "Now 现在 I 我 can 能 see 看见 a 一棵 tree 树 on 在 the — road 路上," he 他 said 说

51.26 Mr 先生 Chen 陈 shouted 喊 from 从 the — stairs 楼梯: "I 我 am 正在 calling 打电话给 the — electric 电力 company 公司 now 现在"

51.27 "Thank 谢谢 you 你," said 说 Mei 梅. "Until 直到 now 现在, we 我们 thought 以为 it 它 was 是 only 只 our 我们的 apartment 公寓"

51.28 Now 此时 and 和 then 彼时 the — candle 蜡烛 flame 火焰 shook 摇晃, but 但是 it 它 stayed 保持 bright 明亮的

51.29 An 一 hour 小时 later 之后 the — power 电 returned 恢复. "Now 现在 we 我们 can 可以 eat 吃," said 说 Jun 俊

51.30 "From 从 now 现在 on 起, I 我 will 将 keep 放 a 一盏 lamp 灯 by 在旁边 the — door 门," said 说 Mei 梅

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B部分 (完整英语句子及其中文翻译)

51.16 Mei was cooking dinner, and now the whole street was dark. 梅正在做晚饭,这时整条街都黑了。

51.17 "Now what?" she said. “现在怎么办?”她说。

51.18 Her brother Jun ran into the kitchen. "Is the power off now?" he asked. 她的弟弟小俊跑进厨房。“现在是不是停电了?”他问。

51.19 "Yes, now I cannot see anything," said Mei. “是的,我现在什么也看不见了,”梅说。

51.20 "Wait here, Jun. I will look for candles now." “在这里等着,小俊。我现在去找蜡烛。”

51.21 Jun opened the drawer. Now he held three candles in his hand. 小俊打开抽屉。这时他手里拿着三支蜡烛。

51.22 Mei lit one candle, and the kitchen was bright again for now. 梅点燃一支蜡烛,厨房暂时又亮了。

51.23 "Now listen," said Mei. "Stay near the table and do not move." “好了,听着,”梅说。“待在桌子旁边,别动。”

51.24 They heard a loud noise outside. Now the wind was stronger. 他们听到外面传来一声巨响。这时风更大了。

51.25 Jun looked through the window. "Now I can see a tree on the road," he said. 小俊透过窗户往外看。“现在我能看见路上有一棵树,”他说。

51.26 Mr Chen shouted from the stairs: "I am calling the electric company now." 陈先生从楼梯上喊道:“我现在正在给电力公司打电话。”

51.27 "Thank you," said Mei. "Until now, we thought it was only our apartment." “谢谢你,”梅说。“直到现在,我们还以为只有我们家停电。”

51.28 Now and then the candle flame shook, but it stayed bright. 烛火时不时地摇晃,但一直很明亮。

51.29 An hour later the power returned. "Now we can eat," said Jun. 一小时后,电来了。“现在我们可以吃饭了,”小俊说。

51.30 "From now on, I will keep a lamp by the door," said Mei. “从现在起,我会在门边放一盏灯,”梅说。

C部分 (仅英语文本)

51.16 Mei was cooking dinner, and now the whole street was dark.

51.17 "Now what?" she said.

51.18 Her brother Jun ran into the kitchen. "Is the power off now?" he asked.

51.19 "Yes, now I cannot see anything," said Mei.

51.20 "Wait here, Jun. I will look for candles now."

51.21 Jun opened the drawer. Now he held three candles in his hand.

51.22 Mei lit one candle, and the kitchen was bright again for now.

51.23 "Now listen," said Mei. "Stay near the table and do not move."

51.24 They heard a loud noise outside. Now the wind was stronger.

51.25 Jun looked through the window. "Now I can see a tree on the road," he said.

51.26 Mr Chen shouted from the stairs: "I am calling the electric company now."

51.27 "Thank you," said Mei. "Until now, we thought it was only our apartment."

51.28 Now and then the candle flame shook, but it stayed bright.

51.29 An hour later the power returned. "Now we can eat," said Jun.

51.30 "From now on, I will keep a lamp by the door," said Mei.

D部分 (动作叙事中"now"的语法说明)

"now"在叙述中的用法:

- 在过去时的故事里,"now"放在句首或"and"之后,表示"这时、此时",把读者带到事情发生的那一刻:"Mei was cooking dinner, and now the whole street was dark"(51.16)。这里的"now"配过去时,和"I am busy now"里配现在时的"now"不同 - 在直接引语里,"now"回到本来的意思,指说话的那一刻:"I will look for candles now"(51.20)、"I am calling the electric company now"(51.26)

引出下一步的"now":

- "Now what?"(51.17)= 接下来怎么办;"Now listen"(51.23)= 好了,听着。这里的"now"是话语标记,不是在说时间

"now"与时态的搭配:

- 进行时:Mr Chen 说"I am calling ... now",表示正在进行的动作(51.26) - 一般过去时:叙述部分(51.21、51.24) - 一般将来时:说话人马上要做的事(51.20)、今后的打算(51.30) - 过去时中的"until now":说话人在回顾"直到现在"的想法,用"thought"(51.27)

固定短语在故事中:

- for now = 暂时(51.22):烛光只是暂时解决了问题 - now and then = 偶尔(51.28):这里放在句首,后面不加逗号也可以 - from now on = 从现在起(51.30):说话人下的决心

动作叙事的特点:

- 动作按先后顺序一件接一件,每句只有一个主要动作:ran(51.18)、opened(51.21)、lit(51.22)、looked(51.25) - 对话穿插在动作之间,说话人的标签放在引语后面:"said Mei"、"he asked"。名字在后时可以说"said Mei",也可以说"Mei said",两种都对;代词则说"he said",不说"said he"

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