Welcome to Lesson 13 of the Modern Hebrew course. In this lesson, we will explore the Hebrew words for "that" - primarily ש (she) and אשר (asher), which function as relative pronouns connecting clauses in Hebrew sentences.
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The word "that" in Hebrew serves multiple grammatical functions: -
As a relative pronoun (equivalent to "that," "which," "who") - ש (she) or אשר (asher) -
As a conjunction meaning "that" (introducing clauses) - ש (she) -
As a demonstrative adjective meaning "that" - ההוא/ההיא (hahu/hahi) or אותו/אותה (oto/ota)
Question: What does "that" mean in Hebrew? Answer: In Hebrew, "that" can be expressed as ש (she) or אשר (asher) when used as a relative pronoun, and as ההוא/ההיא (hahu/hahi) when used as a demonstrative. The most common form in modern Hebrew is ש (she).
In this lesson, we'll examine how ש (she) and אשר (asher) function in various sentence structures, from simple relative clauses to more complex constructions. The examples will demonstrate different positions and uses of these words in natural Hebrew sentences.
Educational Material Type: Language Learning Lesson Subject: Modern Hebrew Grammar Topic: Relative Pronouns and Conjunctions Level: Beginner to Intermediate Learning Objective: Students will understand and use Hebrew relative pronouns ש and אשר correctly in sentences
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ש (she) is the most common relative pronoun in modern Hebrew -
אשר (asher) is more formal and literary but still used in modern Hebrew -
Both words can mean "that," "which," or "who" depending on context -
The prefix ש- can be attached directly to other words -
Hebrew relative clauses follow different word order rules than English
13.1a הַסֵּפֶר the-book שֶׁ that קָנִיתִי I-bought אֶתְמוֹל yesterday מְעַנְיֵן interesting מְאֹד very 13.1b ha-sefer (ha-SE-fer) the-book she (she) that kaniti (ka-NI-ti) I-bought etmol (et-MOL) yesterday me'anyen (me-an-YEN) interesting me'od (me-OD) very
13.2a אֲנִי I חוֹשֵׁב think שֶׁ that הוּא he יָבוֹא will-come מָחָר tomorrow 13.2b ani (a-NI) I khoshev (kho-SHEV) think she (she) that hu (hu) he yavo (ya-VO) will-come makhar (ma-KHAR) tomorrow
13.3a הַבַּיִת the-house אֲשֶׁר which רָאִיתָ you-saw הוּא is שֶׁלִּי mine 13.3b ha-bayit (ha-BA-yit) the-house asher (a-SHER) which ra'ita (ra-I-ta) you-saw hu (hu) is sheli (she-LI) mine
13.4a הָאִשָּׁה the-woman שֶׁ that עוֹבֶדֶת works כָּאן here מְדַבֶּרֶת speaks צָרְפָתִית French 13.4b ha-isha (ha-i-SHA) the-woman she (she) that ovedet (o-VE-det) works kan (kan) here medaberet (me-da-BE-ret) speaks tsarfatit (tsar-fa-TIT) French
13.5a יָדַעְתִּי I-knew שֶׁ that הֵם they יַצְלִיחוּ will-succeed בַּמִּבְחָן in-the-test 13.5b yada'ti (ya-DA-ti) I-knew she (she) that hem (hem) they yatslikhu (yats-LI-khu) will-succeed ba-mivkhan (ba-miv-KHAN) in-the-test
13.6a הַיֶּלֶד the-child אֲשֶׁר who אָבַד got-lost נִמְצָא was-found בַּפַּארְק in-the-park 13.6b ha-yeled (ha-YE-led) the-child asher (a-SHER) who avad (a-VAD) got-lost nimtsa (nim-TSA) was-found ba-park (ba-PARK) in-the-park
13.7a שָׁמַעְתִּי I-heard שֶׁ that אַתָּה you רוֹצֶה want לִנְסֹעַ to-travel לְאֵירוֹפָּה to-Europe 13.7b shama'ti (sha-MA-ti) I-heard she (she) that ata (a-TA) you rotse (ro-TSE) want linso'a (lin-SO-a) to-travel le-eropa (le-e-RO-pa) to-Europe
13.8a הַמְּקוֹם the-place שֶׁ where נִפְגַּשְׁנוּ we-met הָיָה was יָפֶה beautiful 13.8b ha-makom (ha-ma-KOM) the-place she (she) where nifgashnu (nif-GASH-nu) we-met haya (ha-YA) was yafe (ya-FE) beautiful
13.9a הִיא she אָמְרָה said שֶׁ that הַסֶּרֶט the-movie מַתְחִיל starts בְּשֶׁבַע at-seven 13.9b hi (hi) she amra (am-RA) said she (she) that ha-seret (ha-SE-ret) the-movie matkhil (mat-KHIL) starts be-sheva (be-SHE-va) at-seven
13.10a הָאֹכֶל the-food אֲשֶׁר which הֵכַנְתָּ you-prepared טָעִים tasty בִּיוֹתֵר extremely 13.10b ha-okhel (ha-O-khel) the-food asher (a-SHER) which hekhanta (he-KHAN-ta) you-prepared ta'im (ta-IM) tasty beyoter (be-yo-TER) extremely
13.11a אֲנַחְנוּ we מְקַוִּים hope שֶׁ that הַמָּזָל the-luck יִהְיֶה will-be אִתָּנוּ with-us 13.11b anakhnu (a-NAKH-nu) we mekavim (me-ka-VIM) hope she (she) that ha-mazal (ha-ma-ZAL) the-luck yihye (yi-YE) will-be itanu (i-TA-nu) with-us
13.12a הַסִּפּוּר the-story שֶׁ that סִפַּרְתְּ you-told הָיָה was מַרְתֵּק fascinating 13.12b ha-sipur (ha-si-PUR) the-story she (she) that siparta (si-PAR-ta) you-told haya (ha-YA) was martek (mar-TEK) fascinating
13.13a הַמּוֹרָה the-teacher אֲשֶׁר who לִמְּדָה taught אוֹתִי me פָּרְשָׁה retired 13.13b ha-mora (ha-mo-RA) the-teacher asher (a-SHER) who limda (lim-DA) taught oti (o-TI) me parsha (par-SHA) retired
13.14a חָשַׁבְתִּי I-thought שֶׁ that כְּבָר already סִיַּמְתָּ you-finished הַעֲבוֹדָה the-work 13.14b khashavti (kha-SHAV-ti) I-thought she (she) that kvar (kvar) already siyamta (si-YAM-ta) you-finished ha-avoda (ha-a-vo-DA) the-work
13.15a הַתַּמּוּנָה the-picture אֲשֶׁר which צִיַּרְתִּי I-drew נִמְכְּרָה was-sold הַיּוֹם today 13.15b ha-tmuna (ha-tmu-NA) the-picture asher (a-SHER) which tsiyarti (tsi-YAR-ti) I-drew nimkera (nim-ke-RA) was-sold ha-yom (ha-YOM) today
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13.1 הספר שקניתי אתמול מעניין מאוד. The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.
13.2 אני חושב שהוא יבוא מחר. I think that he will come tomorrow.
13.3 הבית אשר ראית הוא שלי. The house which you saw is mine.
13.4 האישה שעובדת כאן מדברת צרפתית. The woman who works here speaks French.
13.5 ידעתי שהם יצליחו במבחן. I knew that they would succeed in the test.
13.6 הילד אשר אבד נמצא בפארק. The child who got lost was found in the park.
13.7 שמעתי שאתה רוצה לנסוע לאירופה. I heard that you want to travel to Europe.
13.8 המקום שנפגשנו היה יפה. The place where we met was beautiful.
13.9 היא אמרה שהסרט מתחיל בשבע. She said that the movie starts at seven.
13.10 האוכל אשר הכנת טעים ביותר. The food which you prepared is extremely tasty.
13.11 אנחנו מקווים שהמזל יהיה איתנו. We hope that luck will be with us.
13.12 הסיפור שסיפרת היה מרתק. The story that you told was fascinating.
13.13 המורה אשר לימדה אותי פרשה. The teacher who taught me retired.
13.14 חשבתי שכבר סיימת העבודה. I thought that you had already finished the work.
13.15 התמונה אשר ציירתי נמכרה היום. The picture which I drew was sold today.
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13.1 הספר שקניתי אתמול מעניין מאוד.
13.2 אני חושב שהוא יבוא מחר.
13.3 הבית אשר ראית הוא שלי.
13.4 האישה שעובדת כאן מדברת צרפתית.
13.5 ידעתי שהם יצליחו במבחן.
13.6 הילד אשר אבד נמצא בפארק.
13.7 שמעתי שאתה רוצה לנסוע לאירופה.
13.8 המקום שנפגשנו היה יפה.
13.9 היא אמרה שהסרט מתחיל בשבע.
13.10 האוכל אשר הכנת טעים ביותר.
13.11 אנחנו מקווים שהמזל יהיה איתנו.
13.12 הסיפור שסיפרת היה מרתק.
13.13 המורה אשר לימדה אותי פרשה.
13.14 חשבתי שכבר סיימת העבודה.
13.15 התמונה אשר ציירתי נמכרה היום.
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The Hebrew relative pronouns ש (she) and אשר (asher) function differently from the English word "that." Here are the essential rules:
1. Basic Usage -
ש (she) is the most common relative pronoun in modern Hebrew -
אשר (asher) is more formal and literary -
Both can mean "that," "which," "who," or "where"
2. Attachment Rules -
ש can be attached directly to the following word: שֶׁקָּנִיתִי (that I bought) -
It often appears with the vowel segol (ֶ) when attached -
אשר always stands as a separate word
3. Word Order Unlike English, Hebrew relative clauses maintain standard Hebrew word order: -
English: "the book that I bought" -
Hebrew: הספר שקניתי (literally: "the book that-I-bought")
4. No Preposition Stranding In Hebrew, prepositions must precede the relative pronoun: -
English: "the house that I live in" -
Hebrew: הבית שאני גר בו (literally: "the house that I live in-it")
5. Conjunction Usage ש also functions as a conjunction meaning "that" after verbs of thinking, saying, knowing: -
חושב ש... (thinks that...) -
אומר ש... (says that...) -
יודע ש... (knows that...)
1. Using English Word Order Incorrect: הספר ש אני קניתי Correct: הספר שקניתי or הספר שאני קניתי
2. Forgetting Resumptive Pronouns When a preposition is involved, Hebrew requires a resumptive pronoun: Incorrect: האיש שדיברתי עם Correct: האיש שדיברתי איתו (the man that I spoke with-him)
3. Overusing אשר While grammatically correct, using אשר in casual conversation sounds overly formal
4. Confusing Demonstrative and Relative Uses -
Demonstrative "that": ההוא/ההיא or אותו/אותה -
Relative "that": ש/אשר Don't mix these up!
Step 1: Identify the main clause and the relative clause Example: "I know the student that studies Hebrew"
Step 2: Translate the main clause "I know the student" = אני מכיר את התלמיד
Step 3: Add the relative pronoun אני מכיר את התלמיד ש...
Step 4: Complete the relative clause with Hebrew word order אני מכיר את התלמיד שלומד עברית
Relative Pronoun Functions: -
Subject of relative clause: הילד שבא (the child who came) -
Object of relative clause: הספר שקראתי (the book that I read) -
After preposition: הבית שגרתי בו (the house that I lived in) -
Time/place: היום שנפגשנו (the day that we met)
Conjunction Functions: -
After mental state verbs: חושב ש (thinks that) -
After communication verbs: אמר ש (said that) -
After perception verbs: ראיתי ש (I saw that)
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Understanding how "that" functions in Hebrew provides insight into Hebrew thought patterns and communication styles:
Biblical vs. Modern Usage In Biblical Hebrew, אשר was the primary relative pronoun. Modern Hebrew's preference for ש reflects the language's evolution toward more economical expression. However, אשר remains in formal contexts, legal documents, and literary works.
The Israeli Communication Style Israelis tend toward direct, efficient communication. The shortened form ש exemplifies this cultural preference for brevity. In casual conversation, Israelis might even omit relative pronouns where context is clear, though this is less common than in English.
Academic and Religious Contexts In religious texts, academic writing, and formal speeches, אשר is still preferred. This creates a register distinction that English speakers should be aware of - using אשר in casual conversation might sound pretentious, while using ש in formal writing might seem too colloquial.
Newspaper Hebrew Israeli newspapers often use both forms, with ש dominating in news articles and אשר appearing more in editorials and opinion pieces. This reflects the balance between accessibility and formality in public discourse.
Language Revival Impact The choice between ש and אשר represents broader tensions in Modern Hebrew between preserving classical forms and adapting to contemporary needs. Eliezer Ben-Yehuda and other language revivalists deliberately promoted simpler forms to make Hebrew more accessible as a daily language.
Comparative Semitic Perspective Other Semitic languages have similar constructions. Arabic uses الذي (alladhi) and related forms, while Aramaic uses ד (de). Understanding these parallels helps English speakers grasp the Semitic approach to relative clauses, which differs fundamentally from Indo-European patterns.
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Source: "החינוך העברי בארץ ישראל" (Hebrew Education in the Land of Israel) by יוסף עזריהו (Yosef Azaryahu), 1960, page 142
הַלָּשׁוֹן the-language הָעִבְרִית the-Hebrew אֲשֶׁר which חִיַּינוּ we-revived אוֹתָהּ it מֵחָדָשׁ anew הִיא is לֹא not רַק only כְּלִי tool שֶׁל of תִּקְשֹׁרֶת communication. הִיא she הַגֶּשֶׁר the-bridge שֶׁ that מְחַבֵּר connects בֵּין between הָעָבָר the-past שֶׁלָּנוּ our לַהוֹוֶה to-the-present, וְהִיא and-it הַמַּפְתֵּחַ the-key שֶׁ that פּוֹתֵחַ opens אֶת ACC הַשַּׁעַר the-gate לָעֲתִיד to-the-future. ha-lashon (ha-la-SHON) the-language ha-ivrit (ha-iv-RIT) the-Hebrew asher (a-SHER) which khiyinu (khi-YI-nu) we-revived ota (o-TA) it me-khadash (me-kha-DASH) anew hi (hi) is lo (lo) not rak (rak) only kli (kli) tool shel (shel) of tikshoret (tik-SHO-ret) communication. hi (hi) she ha-gesher (ha-GE-sher) the-bridge she (she) that mekhaber (me-kha-BER) connects beyn (beyn) between ha-avar (ha-a-VAR) the-past shelanu (she-LA-nu) our la-hove (la-ho-VE) to-the-present, ve-hi (ve-HI) and-it ha-mafte'akh (ha-maf-TE-akh) the-key she (she) that pote'akh (po-TE-akh) opens et (et) ACC ha-sha'ar (ha-SHA-ar) the-gate la-atid (la-a-TID) to-the-future.
הלשון העברית אשר חיינו אותה מחדש היא לא רק כלי של תקשורת. היא הגשר שמחבר בין העבר שלנו להווה, והיא המפתח שפותח את השער לעתיד.
The Hebrew language which we revived anew is not only a tool of communication. It is the bridge that connects our past to the present, and it is the key that opens the gate to the future.
הלשון העברית אשר חיינו אותה מחדש היא לא רק כלי של תקשורת. היא הגשר שמחבר בין העבר שלנו להווה, והיא המפתח שפותח את השער לעתיד.
This passage from Azaryahu's influential work on Hebrew education demonstrates the interplay between אשר and ש in formal Hebrew prose. The author begins with the more formal אשר when introducing the main concept (הלשון העברית אשר חיינו), establishing a scholarly tone. He then shifts to ש for the metaphorical descriptions (הגשר שמחבר, המפתח שפותח), creating a more flowing, poetic rhythm.
The grammatical structure shows classic Hebrew relative clause usage: -
אשר חיינו אותה - note the resumptive pronoun אותה (it) referring back to הלשון -
שמחבר בין...ל - demonstrating how ש introduces verbal phrases -
שפותח את - showing direct object marking with את after the relative clause
For English speakers, this passage illustrates how Hebrew writers use relative pronouns not just grammatically but stylistically. The choice between אשר and ש helps establish register and rhythm in Hebrew prose, much as choosing between "which" and "that" can affect tone in English, though the Hebrew distinction is more pronounced.
The metaphors of bridge (גשר) and key (מפתח) connected by relative clauses demonstrate how Hebrew uses these constructions to build complex philosophical arguments while maintaining clarity through careful grammatical structure.
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13.16a הַשַּׂר the-minister הוֹדִיעַ announced שֶׁ that הַתָּקְצִיב the-budget אֲשֶׁר which אֻשַּׁר was-approved יִכָּנֵס will-enter לְתֹקֶף into-effect מָחָר tomorrow 13.16b ha-sar (ha-SAR) the-minister hodi'a (ho-DI-a) announced she (she) that ha-taktsiv (ha-tak-TSIV) the-budget asher (a-SHER) which ushar (u-SHAR) was-approved yikanes (yi-ka-NES) will-enter le-tokef (le-TO-kef) into-effect makhar (ma-KHAR) tomorrow
13.17a הַמִּשְׁטָרָה the-police גִּלְּתָה discovered שֶׁ that הַחֲשׁוּדִים the-suspects שֶׁ who בָּרְחוּ fled הִסְתַּתְּרוּ were-hiding בַּצָּפוֹן in-the-north 13.17b ha-mishtara (ha-mish-ta-RA) the-police gilta (gil-TA) discovered she (she) that ha-khashudim (ha-kha-shu-DIM) the-suspects she (she) who barkhu (bar-KHU) fled histatru (his-tat-RU) were-hiding ba-tsafon (ba-tsa-FON) in-the-north
13.18a הַמְּחַקָּר the-research אֲשֶׁר which פֻּרְסַם was-published הַבֹּקֶר this-morning מְגַלֶּה reveals שֶׁ that הַזִּיהוּם the-pollution עָלָה increased 13.18b ha-mekhkar (ha-mekh-KAR) the-research asher (a-SHER) which pursam (pur-SAM) was-published ha-boker (ha-BO-ker) this-morning megale (me-ga-LE) reveals she (she) that ha-zihum (ha-zi-HUM) the-pollution ala (a-LA) increased
13.19a דּוֹבֵר spokesman הַמֶּמְשָׁלָה the-government אָמַר said שֶׁ that הַהַחְלָטָה the-decision שֶׁ that הִתְקַבְּלָה was-made תּוֹעִיל will-benefit לָאֶזְרָחִים to-the-citizens 13.19b dover (do-VER) spokesman ha-memshala (ha-mem-sha-LA) the-government amar (a-MAR) said she (she) that ha-hakhlata (ha-hakh-la-TA) the-decision she (she) that hitkabla (hit-kab-LA) was-made to'il (to-IL) will-benefit la-ezrakhim (la-ez-ra-KHIM) to-the-citizens
13.20a הָעֵדִים the-witnesses אֲשֶׁר who רָאוּ saw אֶת ACC הַתְּאוּנָה the-accident אִישְּׁרוּ confirmed שֶׁ that הַנָּהָג the-driver עָצַר stopped 13.20b ha-edim (ha-e-DIM) the-witnesses asher (a-SHER) who ra'u (ra-U) saw et (et) ACC ha-te'una (ha-te-u-NA) the-accident ishru (ish-RU) confirmed she (she) that ha-nahag (ha-na-HAG) the-driver atsar (a-TSAR) stopped
13.21a הַמּוֹרִים the-teachers שֶׁ who מִחוּ protested דּוֹרְשִׁים demand שֶׁ that הַשָּׂכָר the-salary יַעֲלֶה will-rise 13.21b ha-morim (ha-mo-RIM) the-teachers she (she) who mikhu (mi-KHU) protested dorshim (dor-SHIM) demand she (she) that ha-sakhar (ha-sa-KHAR) the-salary ya'ale (ya-a-LE) will-rise
13.22a הַחֲבֵרָה the-company הַכְרִיזָה declared שֶׁ that הַמּוּצָר the-product אֲשֶׁר which יֻשְׁקַק will-be-launched יְשַׁנֶּה will-change אֶת ACC הַשּׁוּק the-market 13.22b ha-khavera (ha-kha-ve-RA) the-company hikhriza (hikh-ri-ZA) declared she (she) that ha-mutsar (ha-mu-TSAR) the-product asher (a-SHER) which yushkak (yush-KAK) will-be-launched yeshane (ye-sha-NE) will-change et (et) ACC ha-shuk (ha-SHUK) the-market
13.23a הַמּוּמְחִים the-experts טוֹעֲנִים claim שֶׁ that הַבְּעָיָה the-problem שֶׁ that הִתְגַּלְּתָה was-discovered חֲמוּרָה serious יוֹתֵר more 13.23b ha-mumkhim (ha-mum-KHIM) the-experts to'anim (to-a-NIM) claim she (she) that ha-be'aya (ha-be-a-YA) the-problem she (she) that hitgalta (hit-gal-TA) was-discovered khamura (kha-mu-RA) serious yoter (yo-TER) more
13.24a רֹאשׁ head הָעִיר the-city הֵבטִיחַ promised שֶׁ that הַכְּבִישׁ the-road אֲשֶׁר which נִסְגַּר was-closed יִיפָּתַח will-be-opened בְּקָרוֹב soon 13.24b rosh (rosh) head ha-ir (ha-IR) the-city hivti'akh (hiv-TI-akh) promised she (she) that ha-kvish (ha-KVISH) the-road asher (a-SHER) which nisgar (nis-GAR) was-closed yipatakh (yi-pa-TAKH) will-be-opened be-karov (be-ka-ROV) soon
13.25a הַסֶּקֶר the-survey שֶׁ that נֶעֱרַךְ was-conducted מַרְאֶה shows שֶׁ that הַצִּיבּוּר the-public תּוֹמֵךְ supports בַּיּוֹזְמָה in-the-initiative 13.25b ha-seker (ha-SE-ker) the-survey she (she) that ne'erakh (ne-e-RAKH) was-conducted mar'e (mar-E) shows she (she) that ha-tsibur (ha-tsi-BUR) the-public tomekh (to-MEKH) supports ba-yozma (ba-yoz-MA) in-the-initiative
13.26a הַבַּנְק the-bank הוֹדִיעַ announced שֶׁ that הָרִיבִּית the-interest-rate אֲשֶׁר which הוּרְדָה was-lowered תִּישָׁאֵר will-remain יְצִיבָה stable 13.26b ha-bank (ha-BANK) the-bank hodi'a (ho-DI-a) announced she (she) that ha-ribit (ha-ri-BIT) the-interest-rate asher (a-SHER) which hurda (hur-DA) was-lowered tisha'er (ti-sha-ER) will-remain yetsiva (ye-tsi-VA) stable
13.27a הַשּׁוֹפֵט the-judge קָבַע ruled שֶׁ that הָעֵדוּת the-testimony שֶׁ that נִשְׁמְעָה was-heard קְבִילָה admissible 13.27b ha-shofet (ha-sho-FET) the-judge kava (ka-VA) ruled she (she) that ha-edut (ha-e-DUT) the-testimony she (she) that nishme'a (nish-me-A) was-heard kvila (kvi-LA) admissible
13.28a הַמַּדְעָנִים the-scientists גִּילּוּ discovered שֶׁ that הַוִּירוּס the-virus אֲשֶׁר which הִתְפַּשֵּׁט spread מוּטָנְט mutant 13.28b ha-mad'anim (ha-mad-a-NIM) the-scientists gilu (gi-LU) discovered she (she) that ha-virus (ha-VI-rus) the-virus asher (a-SHER) which hitpashet (hit-pa-SHET) spread mutant (mu-TANT) mutant
13.29a הַיַּצְרָן the-manufacturer הִבְטִיחַ promised שֶׁ that הַמְּכוֹנִיּוֹת the-cars שֶׁ that יִיוּוּצְרוּ will-be-produced יִהְיוּ will-be חַסְכוֹנִיּוֹת economical 13.29b ha-yatsran (ha-yats-RAN) the-manufacturer hivti'akh (hiv-TI-akh) promised she (she) that ha-mekhoniyot (ha-me-kho-ni-YOT) the-cars she (she) that yivatsru (yi-vats-RU) will-be-produced yihyu (yi-YU) will-be khaskhoniyot (khas-kho-ni-YOT) economical
13.30a הַמְּפַקֵּד the-commander אִישֵּׁר confirmed שֶׁ that הַחַיָּילִים the-soldiers אֲשֶׁר who נֶעֶדְרוּ were-missing נִמְצְאוּ were-found 13.30b ha-mefaked (ha-me-fa-KED) the-commander isher (i-SHER) confirmed she (she) that ha-khayalim (ha-kha-ya-LIM) the-soldiers asher (a-SHER) who ne'edru (ne-ed-RU) were-missing nimtse'u (nim-tse-U) were-found
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13.16 השר הודיע שהתקציב אשר אושר ייכנס לתוקף מחר. The minister announced that the budget which was approved will enter into effect tomorrow.
13.17 המשטרה גילתה שהחשודים שברחו הסתתרו בצפון. The police discovered that the suspects who fled were hiding in the north.
13.18 המחקר אשר פורסם הבוקר מגלה שהזיהום עלה. The research which was published this morning reveals that pollution increased.
13.19 דובר הממשלה אמר שההחלטה שהתקבלה תועיל לאזרחים. The government spokesman said that the decision that was made will benefit the citizens.
13.20 העדים אשר ראו את התאונה אישרו שהנהג עצר. The witnesses who saw the accident confirmed that the driver stopped.
13.21 המורים שמחו דורשים שהשכר יעלה. The teachers who protested demand that the salary will rise.
13.22 החברה הכריזה שהמוצר אשר יושקק ישנה את השוק. The company declared that the product which will be launched will change the market.
13.23 המומחים טוענים שהבעיה שהתגלתה חמורה יותר. The experts claim that the problem that was discovered is more serious.
13.24 ראש העיר הבטיח שהכביש אשר נסגר ייפתח בקרוב. The mayor promised that the road which was closed will be opened soon.
13.25 הסקר שנערך מראה שהציבור תומך ביוזמה. The survey that was conducted shows that the public supports the initiative.
13.26 הבנק הודיע שהריבית אשר הורדה תישאר יציבה. The bank announced that the interest rate which was lowered will remain stable.
13.27 השופט קבע שהעדות שנשמעה קבילה. The judge ruled that the testimony that was heard is admissible.
13.28 המדענים גילו שהווירוס אשר התפשט מוטנט. The scientists discovered that the virus which spread is mutant.
13.29 היצרן הבטיח שהמכוניות שייווצרו יהיו חסכוניות. The manufacturer promised that the cars that will be produced will be economical.
13.30 המפקד אישר שהחיילים אשר נעדרו נמצאו. The commander confirmed that the soldiers who were missing were found.
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13.16 השר הודיע שהתקציב אשר אושר ייכנס לתוקף מחר.
13.17 המשטרה גילתה שהחשודים שברחו הסתתרו בצפון.
13.18 המחקר אשר פורסם הבוקר מגלה שהזיהום עלה.
13.19 דובר הממשלה אמר שההחלטה שהתקבלה תועיל לאזרחים.
13.20 העדים אשר ראו את התאונה אישרו שהנהג עצר.
13.21 המורים שמחו דורשים שהשכר יעלה.
13.22 החברה הכריזה שהמוצר אשר יושקק ישנה את השוק.
13.23 המומחים טוענים שהבעיה שהתגלתה חמורה יותר.
13.24 ראש העיר הבטיח שהכביש אשר נסגר ייפתח בקרוב.
13.25 הסקר שנערך מראה שהציבור תומך ביוזמה.
13.26 הבנק הודיע שהריבית אשר הורדה תישאר יציבה.
13.27 השופט קבע שהעדות שנשמעה קבילה.
13.28 המדענים גילו שהווירוס אשר התפשט מוטנט.
13.29 היצרן הבטיח שהמכוניות שייווצרו יהיו חסכוניות.
13.30 המפקד אישר שהחיילים אשר נעדרו נמצאו.
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Characteristics of News Hebrew Using "That"
1. Mixed Register News Hebrew combines formal and informal registers: -
Headlines often omit ש entirely for brevity -
Body text mixes אשר (formal) with ש (standard) -
Official statements tend to use אשר -
Reported speech uses ש
2. Common News Patterns
Announcement Verbs + ש: -
הודיע ש... (announced that...) -
אמר ש... (said that...) -
גילה ש... (revealed that...) -
טען ש... (claimed that...)
Attribution with אשר: -
המחקר אשר פורסם (the research which was published) -
ההחלטה אשר התקבלה (the decision which was made) -
הדו"ח אשר הוגש (the report which was submitted)
3. Passive Voice Patterns News Hebrew frequently uses passive constructions with relative pronouns: -
אשר אושר (which was approved) -
שהתקבלה (that was received/made) -
אשר נחשף (which was exposed)
4. Double "That" Constructions News reports often contain sentences with multiple uses of ש/אשר: -
הוא אמר שההחלטה שהתקבלה... (He said that the decision that was made...) This is grammatically correct and common in formal reporting.
5. Headline Conventions Headlines may drop relative pronouns entirely: -
Full: השר שהתפטר אמר... -
Headline: שר התפטר אמר...
6. Time References News Hebrew uses specific patterns for temporal relative clauses: -
ביום שבו... (on the day when/that...) -
בשעה ש... (at the time that...) -
לאחר ש... (after [that]...)
Common News Formula Structures: -
[Official] הודיע/אמר ש[statement] -
[Document/Report] אשר [passive verb] [reveals/shows] ש[finding] -
[Source] טוען ש[claim] אשר [qualification]
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The Latinum Institute has been creating innovative online language learning materials since 2006, pioneering self-directed learning approaches that empower autodidacts worldwide. Our method, detailed at latinum.substack.com and latinum.org.uk, combines traditional philological rigor with modern pedagogical insights.
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Self-directed learners face unique challenges: no teacher to ask questions, no classmates for practice, and no structured curriculum. The Latinum method addresses these by: -
Complete Transparency: Every grammatical point is explained explicitly, with nothing left to guesswork -
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We believe that with the right materials, anyone can learn any language independently. Our lessons remove barriers by: -
Providing complete grammatical analysis -
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Including cultural and literary context -
Offering everything needed for self-study in one place
The Latinum Institute continues to develop new courses and refine our methods based on learner feedback and advances in language pedagogy. Join our community of successful autodidacts at latinum.substack.com.
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