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Lesson 30
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Lesson 30

Introduction

The English preposition "from" is one of the most versatile and frequently used words in the language, expressing origin, source, distance, and separation. In Hindi, this concept is primarily expressed through the postposition से (se), though context determines its exact usage and sometimes requires compound forms.

Definition: The Hindi postposition से (se) corresponds to the English preposition "from" and indicates: -

Point of origin or departure -

Source or cause -

Material or means -

Distance or separation -

Comparison

FAQ Schema: Q: What does "from" mean in Hindi? A: "From" in Hindi is primarily expressed as से (se), a postposition that comes after the noun it modifies. It indicates origin, source, separation, or means.

How this word will be used in the lesson: In this lesson, you will encounter से (se) in various contexts showing movement from places, receiving things from people, expressing distances, and indicating sources or causes. The examples progress from simple physical movements to more abstract uses.

Educational Schema: Course: Hindi Language Learning Level: Beginner to Intermediate Topic: Postpositions - से (se) "from" Language Pair: English to Hindi Method: Latinum Institute Construed Text Method

Key Takeaways:

-

से (se) is a postposition in Hindi, meaning it comes AFTER the noun, unlike English "from" -

Hindi word order typically follows Subject-Object-Verb pattern -

से (se) can express physical and abstract relationships -

When combined with pronouns, से (se) creates special forms -

Understanding से (se) is essential for expressing basic movements and relationships in Hindi

Section A (Detailed English-Hindi Interlinear Text)

30.1 वह she (vah) स्कूल school (skool) से from (se) घर home (ghar) आती comes (aatee) है is (hai)

30.2 मैं I (main) दिल्ली Delhi (dil-lee) से from (se) हूँ am (hoon)

30.3 बच्चे children (bach-che) पार्क park (paark) से from (se) वापस back (vaa-pas) आए came (aa-ye)

30.4 उसने he (us-ne) मुझ me (mujh) से from (se) किताब book (ki-taab) ली took (lee)

30.5 पक्षी bird (pak-shee) पेड़ tree (ped) से from (se) उड़ flew (ud) गया went (ga-yaa)

30.6 यहाँ here (ya-haan) से from (se) स्टेशन station (ste-shan) कितना how much (kit-naa) दूर far (door) है is (hai)?

30.7 माँ mother (maan) बाज़ार market (baa-zaar) से from (se) सब्ज़ियाँ vegetables (sab-zi-yaan) लाई brought (laa-ee)

30.8 गंगा Ganga (gan-gaa) हिमालय Himalayas (hi-maa-lay) से from (se) निकलती emerges (ni-kal-tee) है is (hai)

30.9 बारिश rain (baa-rish) बादलों clouds (baad-lon) से from (se) होती happens (ho-tee) है is (hai)

30.10 वे they (ve) काम work (kaam) से from (se) छह six (chhah) बजे o'clock (ba-je) लौटते return (laut-te) हैं are (hain)

30.11 खिड़की window (khid-kee) से from (se) ठंडी cold (than-dee) हवा air (ha-vaa) आ is coming (aa) रही -ing (ra-hee) है is (hai)

30.12 दादी grandmother (daa-dee) जी ji (jee) ने ne हम us (ham) से from (se) कहानी story (ka-haa-nee) सुनाई told (su-naa-ee)

30.13 सूरज sun (soo-raj) पूर्व east (poorv) से from (se) निकलता rises (ni-kal-taa) है is (hai)

30.14 तुम you (tum) किस which (kis) शहर city (sha-har) से from (se) आए came (aa-ye) हो are (ho)?

30.15 नदी river (na-dee) पहाड़ों mountains (pa-haa-don) से from (se) बहती flows (bah-tee) है is (hai)

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Section B (Complete Hindi Sentences with English Translation)

30.1 वह स्कूल से घर आती है। She comes home from school.

30.2 मैं दिल्ली से हूँ। I am from Delhi.

30.3 बच्चे पार्क से वापस आए। The children came back from the park.

30.4 उसने मुझसे किताब ली। He took the book from me.

30.5 पक्षी पेड़ से उड़ गया। The bird flew from the tree.

30.6 यहाँ से स्टेशन कितना दूर है? How far is the station from here?

30.7 माँ बाज़ार से सब्ज़ियाँ लाई। Mother brought vegetables from the market.

30.8 गंगा हिमालय से निकलती है। The Ganga emerges from the Himalayas.

30.9 बारिश बादलों से होती है। Rain comes from clouds.

30.10 वे काम से छह बजे लौटते हैं। They return from work at six o'clock.

30.11 खिड़की से ठंडी हवा आ रही है। Cold air is coming from the window.

30.12 दादी जी ने हमसे कहानी सुनाई। Grandmother told us a story.

30.13 सूरज पूर्व से निकलता है। The sun rises from the east.

30.14 तुम किस शहर से आए हो? Which city have you come from?

30.15 नदी पहाड़ों से बहती है। The river flows from the mountains.

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Section C (Hindi Text Only)

30.1 वह स्कूल से घर आती है।

30.2 मैं दिल्ली से हूँ।

30.3 बच्चे पार्क से वापस आए।

30.4 उसने मुझसे किताब ली।

30.5 पक्षी पेड़ से उड़ गया।

30.6 यहाँ से स्टेशन कितना दूर है?

30.7 माँ बाज़ार से सब्ज़ियाँ लाई।

30.8 गंगा हिमालय से निकलती है।

30.9 बारिश बादलों से होती है।

30.10 वे काम से छह बजे लौटते हैं।

30.11 खिड़की से ठंडी हवा आ रही है।

30.12 दादी जी ने हमसे कहानी सुनाई।

30.13 सूरज पूर्व से निकलता है।

30.14 तुम किस शहर से आए हो?

30.15 नदी पहाड़ों से बहती है।

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Section D (Grammar Explanation for English Speakers)

Grammar Rules for से (se) - "from"

The Hindi postposition से (se) is the primary equivalent of English "from" but has a broader range of uses. Understanding its placement and forms is crucial for Hindi learners.

Basic Rule: से (se) is a postposition, meaning it comes AFTER the noun it modifies, not before like English prepositions.

English: from Delhi Hindi: दिल्ली से (Delhi se)

Forms with Pronouns:

When से combines with pronouns, it creates special contracted forms: -

मुझ + से = मुझसे (mujhse) - from me -

तुम + से = तुमसे (tumse) - from you (informal) -

आप + से = आपसे (aapse) - from you (formal) -

उस + से = उससे (usse) - from him/her/it -

हम + से = हमसे (hamse) - from us -

इस + से = इससे (isse) - from this

Multiple Uses of से:

-

Origin/Source: दिल्ली से (from Delhi) -

Starting Point: सुबह से (from morning) -

Cause/Reason: खुशी से (from happiness) -

Means/Instrument: हाथ से (by hand) -

Comparison: मुझसे बड़ा (bigger than me)

Common Mistakes:

-

Word Order Error: -

Wrong: से दिल्ली (se Delhi) -

Correct: दिल्ली से (Delhi se) -

Forgetting Contraction: -

Wrong: मुझ से (mujh se) -

Correct: मुझसे (mujhse) -

Using Wrong Postposition: -

English speakers often confuse से with में (in) or पर (on) -

Remember: से indicates separation or origin -

Literal Translation: -

Not all English "from" phrases use से in Hindi -

"Different from" = से अलग (se alag) -

"Far from" = से दूर (se door)

Step-by-Step Guide:

-

Identify what "from" expresses in your sentence -

Place the noun/pronoun first -

Add से after the noun -

For pronouns, use the contracted form -

Complete the sentence with verb at the end

Comparison with English:

English: Subject + Verb + from + Object Hindi: Subject + Object + से + Verb

Example: English: She came from Mumbai Hindi: वह मुंबई से आई (vah Mumbai se aayi)

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Section E (Cultural Context)

Understanding से in Indian Culture

The postposition से carries cultural significance beyond its grammatical function. In Indian society, origins and connections are deeply important, and से helps express these relationships.

Geographic Identity: Indians often identify strongly with their place of origin. Saying "मैं दिल्ली से हूँ" (I am from Delhi) carries more weight than just geographic information—it implies cultural background, language preferences, and social connections.

Social Hierarchies: When से is used with people (मुझसे, आपसे), it reflects the complex social relationships in Indian society. The choice between तुमसे (informal) and आपसे (formal) demonstrates respect and social distance.

Religious Context: से appears frequently in religious texts and prayers. For example, "भगवान से प्रार्थना" (prayer to God) shows the directional aspect of devotion.

Traditional Greetings: Many regional greetings incorporate से. In formal settings, asking "आप कहाँ से हैं?" (Where are you from?) is a common conversation starter, reflecting the importance of regional identity.

Educational Context: In traditional Indian education (गुरुकुल), knowledge is said to flow "गुरु से शिष्य तक" (from teacher to student), emphasizing the source and transmission of wisdom.

Family Relations: से helps express family connections and lineage, crucial in Indian society where extended family relationships are highly valued.

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Section F (Literary Citation)

Source: From Munshi Premchand's "ईदगाह" (Idgah), one of Hindi literature's most beloved short stories.

Part F-A (Interleaved Text - Construed for Beginners)

हामिद Hamid (haa-mid) अपनी his (ap-nee) दादी grandmother (daa-dee) अमीना Ameena (a-mee-naa) के of (ke) पास near (paas) से from (se) चला walked (cha-laa). वह He (vah) गाँव village (gaanv) से from (se) ईदगाह Eidgah (eed-gaah) की of (kee) ओर toward (or) जा is going (jaa) रहा -ing (ra-haa) था was (thaa). उसके his (us-ke) पास with (paas) केवल only (ke-val) तीन three (teen) पैसे paise (pai-se) थे were (the) जो which (jo) दादी grandmother (daa-dee) ने ne सेवईं sevaiyaan (se-va-eeyan) खाने eating (khaa-ne) के for (ke) लिए for (li-ye) दिए gave (di-ye) थे had (the).

Part F-B (Complete Original Text with Translation)

हामिद अपनी दादी अमीना के पास से चला। वह गाँव से ईदगाह की ओर जा रहा था। उसके पास केवल तीन पैसे थे जो दादी ने सेवईं खाने के लिए दिए थे।

Hamid walked away from his grandmother Ameena. He was going from the village toward the Eidgah. He had only three paise which grandmother had given for eating sevaiyaan.

Part F-C (Original Hindi Text)

हामिद अपनी दादी अमीना के पास से चला। वह गाँव से ईदगाह की ओर जा रहा था। उसके पास केवल तीन पैसे थे जो दादी ने सेवईं खाने के लिए दिए थे।

Part F-D (Literary Analysis)

This passage beautifully demonstrates the use of से in narrative context. Premchand uses "के पास से" (from near) to show Hamid's physical departure from his grandmother, and "गाँव से" (from the village) to indicate the starting point of his journey. The emotional weight of this separation is heightened by the poverty implied in "केवल तीन पैसे" (only three paise).

The postposition से here serves both literal and metaphorical purposes—Hamid is moving away not just from a place, but from the safety of his grandmother's presence into the larger world. This use of spatial language to convey emotional distance is characteristic of Premchand's writing style.

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Genre Section: Travel Narrative

Section A (Detailed English-Hindi Interlinear Text)

30.16 राहुल Rahul (raa-hul) मुंबई Mumbai (mum-bai) से from (se) ट्रेन train (train) में in (mein) बैठा sat (bai-thaa)

30.17 वह he (vah) घर home (ghar) से from (se) सुबह morning (su-bah) पाँच five (paanch) बजे o'clock (ba-je) निकला left (nik-laa) था had (thaa)

30.18 स्टेशन station (ste-shan) से from (se) उसका his (us-kaa) होटल hotel (ho-tel) दस ten (das) किलोमीटर kilometers (ki-lo-mee-tar) दूर far (door) था was (thaa)

30.19 टैक्सी taxi (taik-see) वाले driver (vaa-le) ने ne उस him (us) से from (se) पाँच five (paanch) सौ hundred (sau) रुपये rupees (ru-pa-ye) माँगे asked (maan-ge)

30.20 पहाड़ों mountains (pa-haa-don) से from (se) ठंडी cold (than-dee) हवा wind (ha-vaa) आ was coming (aa) रही -ing (ra-hee) थी was (thee)

30.21 उसने he (us-ne) होटल hotel (ho-tel) से from (se) अपने his (ap-ne) परिवार family (pa-ri-vaar) को to (ko) फोन phone (phone) किया did (ki-yaa)

30.22 सुबह morning (su-bah) से from (se) शाम evening (shaam) तक until (tak) वे they (ve) घूमते wandered (ghoom-te) रहे kept (ra-he)

30.23 गाइड guide (guide) उन्हें them (un-hein) एक one (ek) मंदिर temple (man-dir) से from (se) दूसरे another (doos-re) मंदिर temple (man-dir) ले took (le) गया went (ga-yaa)

30.24 झील lake (jheel) से from (se) सूर्यास्त sunset (soor-yaast) का of (kaa) नज़ारा view (na-zaa-raa) बहुत very (ba-hut) सुंदर beautiful (sun-dar) था was (thaa)

30.25 वापसी return (vaap-see) में in (mein) वे they (ve) दिल्ली Delhi (dil-lee) से from (se) होकर via (ho-kar) आए came (aa-ye)

30.26 बस bus (bus) पुल bridge (pul) से from (se) होकर via (ho-kar) गुज़री passed (guz-ree)

30.27 पर्यटक tourists (par-ya-tak) विदेशों foreign countries (vi-de-shon) से from (se) यहाँ here (ya-haan) आते come (aa-te) हैं are (hain)

30.28 मैंने I (main-ne) दुकान shop (du-kaan) से from (se) स्मृति memory (smri-ti) चिह्न souvenirs (chihn) खरीदे bought (kha-ree-de)

30.29 हवाई airport (ha-vaa-ee) अड्डे airport (ad-de) से from (se) शहर city (sha-har) तक to (tak) मेट्रो metro (met-ro) चलती runs (chal-tee) है is (hai)

30.30 यात्रा journey (yaa-traa) से from (se) लौटने returning (laut-ne) के of (ke) बाद after (baad) सब everyone (sab) थके tired (tha-ke) हुए were (hu-e) थे were (the)

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Section B (Complete Hindi Sentences with English Translation)

30.16 राहुल मुंबई से ट्रेन में बैठा। Rahul boarded the train from Mumbai.

30.17 वह घर से सुबह पाँच बजे निकला था। He had left home at five o'clock in the morning.

30.18 स्टेशन से उसका होटल दस किलोमीटर दूर था। His hotel was ten kilometers away from the station.

30.19 टैक्सी वाले ने उससे पाँच सौ रुपये माँगे। The taxi driver asked him for five hundred rupees.

30.20 पहाड़ों से ठंडी हवा आ रही थी। Cold wind was coming from the mountains.

30.21 उसने होटल से अपने परिवार को फोन किया। He called his family from the hotel.

30.22 सुबह से शाम तक वे घूमते रहे। They kept wandering from morning till evening.

30.23 गाइड उन्हें एक मंदिर से दूसरे मंदिर ले गया। The guide took them from one temple to another.

30.24 झील से सूर्यास्त का नज़ारा बहुत सुंदर था। The view of sunset from the lake was very beautiful.

30.25 वापसी में वे दिल्ली से होकर आए। On the return journey, they came via Delhi.

30.26 बस पुल से होकर गुज़री। The bus passed over the bridge.

30.27 पर्यटक विदेशों से यहाँ आते हैं। Tourists come here from foreign countries.

30.28 मैंने दुकान से स्मृति चिह्न खरीदे। I bought souvenirs from the shop.

30.29 हवाई अड्डे से शहर तक मेट्रो चलती है। Metro runs from the airport to the city.

30.30 यात्रा से लौटने के बाद सब थके हुए थे। Everyone was tired after returning from the journey.

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Section C (Hindi Text Only)

30.16 राहुल मुंबई से ट्रेन में बैठा।

30.17 वह घर से सुबह पाँच बजे निकला था।

30.18 स्टेशन से उसका होटल दस किलोमीटर दूर था।

30.19 टैक्सी वाले ने उससे पाँच सौ रुपये माँगे।

30.20 पहाड़ों से ठंडी हवा आ रही थी।

30.21 उसने होटल से अपने परिवार को फोन किया।

30.22 सुबह से शाम तक वे घूमते रहे।

30.23 गाइड उन्हें एक मंदिर से दूसरे मंदिर ले गया।

30.24 झील से सूर्यास्त का नज़ारा बहुत सुंदर था।

30.25 वापसी में वे दिल्ली से होकर आए।

30.26 बस पुल से होकर गुज़री।

30.27 पर्यटक विदेशों से यहाँ आते हैं।

30.28 मैंने दुकान से स्मृति चिह्न खरीदे।

30.29 हवाई अड्डे से शहर तक मेट्रो चलती है।

30.30 यात्रा से लौटने के बाद सब थके हुए थे।

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Section D (Grammar Notes for Travel Genre)

Special Uses of से in Travel Contexts

1. Movement and Transportation: -

से...तक (from...to): स्टेशन से होटल तक -

से होकर (via/through): दिल्ली से होकर

2. Time Expressions in Travel: -

सुबह से शाम तक (from morning till evening) -

यात्रा से पहले/बाद (before/after the journey)

3. Distance Expressions: -

यहाँ से X किलोमीटर (X kilometers from here) -

से दूर (far from)

4. Common Travel Phrases: -

कहाँ से आ रहे हैं? (Where are you coming from?) -

किस रास्ते से? (By which route?) -

ट्रेन/बस/विमान से (by train/bus/plane)

5. Transaction Context: -

उससे पैसे माँगे (asked money from him) -

दुकान से खरीदना (to buy from a shop)

Common Travel Narrative Patterns:

-

Origin to Destination: Place A + से + Place B + तक -

Via Route: Place A + से होकर + Verb -

Duration: Time A + से + Time B + तक -

Request/Transaction: Person + से + Object + Verb

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About this Course

The Latinum Institute has been pioneering online language learning since 2006, developing innovative methods that bridge the gap between ancient pedagogical wisdom and modern autodidactic needs. These lessons employ the construed text method, a technique refined from classical language instruction, where interlinear translations allow learners to absorb vocabulary and grammar simultaneously.

The method presented in these lessons draws from centuries of language teaching tradition, adapted for the self-directed learner. By presenting text in multiple formats—from heavily glossed interlinear versions to natural target language—students progress from word-by-word understanding to fluid comprehension. This approach has proven particularly effective for adult learners who prefer analytical learning methods.

Each lesson in this series follows a consistent structure: -

Detailed interlinear text for vocabulary acquisition -

Natural language presentation for syntax familiarity -

Grammar explanations tailored to English speakers -

Cultural context to enhance understanding -

Literary excerpts for authentic language exposure -

Genre-specific sections for practical application

The Latinum Institute's approach recognizes that language learning is not merely about memorizing rules and vocabulary, but about understanding how languages encode meaning differently. By comparing English and Hindi structures directly, learners develop intuitive understanding of Hindi's postpositional system, verb-final word order, and other features that differ from English.

These materials are designed for independent study, requiring no prior knowledge of Hindi script (Devanagari is provided with transliteration) or grammatical terminology. The progression from construed to natural text allows learners to build confidence while maintaining comprehension.

For testimonials and reviews of the Latinum Institute's language courses, visit: https://uk.trustpilot.com/review/latinum.org.uk

Further resources and methodology explanations can be found at: -

latinum.substack.com -

latinum.org.uk

The Institute continues to develop materials for various languages, always maintaining the principle that effective language learning combines systematic analysis with extensive exposure to authentic texts.

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