Welcome to Lesson 5 of the Javanese language course for English speakers. This lesson marks a significant milestone as we introduce the traditional Javanese script (aksara Jawa or hanacaraka) for the first time. The Javanese script is a beautiful abugida writing system that has been used for centuries to write Javanese, and understanding it will deepen your connection to Javanese culture and literature.
For the complete course index and additional resources, please visit: https://latinum.substack.com/p/index
In English, "of" is a versatile preposition showing relationships between things. In Javanese, this concept is expressed in several ways: -
saka (ꦱꦏ) - meaning "from/of" (origin or source) -
kang (ꦏꦁ) - meaning "which/that/of" (relative pronoun often translating to "of") -
-é/-né - possessive suffixes meaning "of/his/her/its" -
Word order and context (no explicit word needed)
FAQ Schema: Q: What does "of" mean in Javanese? A: The English word "of" is expressed in Javanese through several methods: "saka" for origin (book of Java = buku saka Jawa), "kang" as a relative pronoun (the color of the sky = werna kang langit), possessive suffixes -é/-né (the house of my father = omahe bapakku), or through word order alone.
Educational Schema: Course: Javanese Language Learning Level: Beginner Lesson: 5 Topic: The word "of" and Introduction to Javanese Script Language of Instruction: English Target Language: Javanese Skills: Reading, Grammar, Script Recognition
In this lesson, you'll encounter "of" expressed through all these Javanese methods in 15 varied examples. Each example shows natural Javanese usage with both Latin script and traditional Javanese script (aksara Jawa).
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Javanese expresses "of" through multiple methods, not a single word -
The traditional Javanese script (aksara Jawa) is an abugida where consonants carry inherent vowels -
Word order in Javanese often eliminates the need for an explicit "of" -
Possessive suffixes -é/-né are crucial for showing relationships -
Cultural context determines which method to use
5.1a ꦧꦸꦏꦸ book ꦱꦏ from/of ꦗꦮ Java ꦏꦸꦮꦶ that ꦲꦥꦶꦏ꧀ good 5.1b buku (bu-ku) book saka (sa-ka) from/of Jawa (Ja-wa) Java kuwi (ku-wi) that apik (a-pik) good
5.2a ꦮꦂꦤ color ꦏꦁ which/of ꦭꦁꦶꦠ꧀ sky ꦧꦶꦫꦸ blue ꦧꦁꦺꦠ꧀ very 5.2b werna (wer-na) color kang (kang) which/of langit (la-ngit) sky biru (bi-ru) blue banget (ba-nget) very
5.3a ꦲꦺꦴꦩꦃꦲꦺ house-of ꦧꦥꦏ꧀ꦏꦸ my-father ꦒꦺꦝꦺ big ꦠꦸꦮ old 5.3b omahé (o-ma-hé) house-of bapakku (ba-pak-ku) my-father gedhé (ge-dhé) big tuwa (tu-wa) old
5.4a ꦫꦱ taste ꦏꦺꦴꦥꦶ coffee ꦲꦶꦏꦶ this ꦥꦲꦶꦠ꧀ bitter ꦏꦸꦮꦠ꧀ strong 5.4b rasa (ra-sa) taste kopi (ko-pi) coffee iki (i-ki) this pahit (pa-hit) bitter kuwat (ku-wat) strong
5.5a ꦭꦸꦫꦃꦲꦺ head-of ꦢꦺꦱ village ꦏꦸꦮꦶ that ꦫꦩꦺ friendly ꦱꦁꦠ꧀ very 5.5b lurahé (lu-ra-hé) head-of désa (dé-sa) village kuwi (ku-wi) that ramé (ra-mé) friendly sanget (sa-nget) very
5.6a ꦒꦩ꧀ꦧꦂ picture ꦱꦏ from/of ꦮꦪꦁ puppet ꦏꦸꦤꦺꦴ ancient ꦩꦿꦶꦃ so-that ꦥꦢ all ꦧꦒꦸꦱ꧀ beautiful 5.6b gambar (gam-bar) picture saka (sa-ka) from/of wayang (wa-yang) puppet kuno (ku-no) ancient mrih (mrih) so-that padha (pa-dha) all bagus (ba-gus) beautiful
5.7a ꦱꦸꦮꦫ sound ꦒꦩꦺꦭꦤ꧀ gamelan ꦗꦮ Java ꦲꦪꦸ beautiful ꦩꦿꦢꦸ melodious 5.7b suara (su-wa-ra) sound gamelan (ga-me-lan) gamelan Jawa (Ja-wa) Java ayu (a-yu) beautiful merdu (mer-du) melodious
5.8a ꦥꦁꦒꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦲꦺ owner-of ꦠꦺꦴꦏꦺꦴ shop ꦲꦶꦏꦶ this ꦮꦺꦴꦁ person ꦱꦸꦒꦶꦃ rich 5.8b pangoné (pa-ngon-é) owner-of toko (to-ko) shop iki (i-ki) this wong (wong) person sugih (su-gih) rich
5.9a ꦲꦫꦁꦲꦺ price-of ꦥꦱꦂ market ꦩꦸꦫꦃ cheap ꦧꦁꦺꦠ꧀ very 5.9b argané (ar-ga-né) price-of pasar (pa-sar) market murah (mu-rah) cheap banget (ba-nget) very
5.10a ꦭꦺꦩ꧀ꦧꦂ pages ꦏꦁ which/of ꦧꦸꦏꦸ book ꦏꦸꦤꦶꦁ yellow ꦏꦧꦺꦃ all 5.10b lembar (lem-bar) pages kang (kang) which/of buku (bu-ku) book kuning (ku-ning) yellow kabèh (ka-bèh) all
5.11a ꦒꦸꦫꦸꦤꦺ teacher-of ꦱꦺꦏꦺꦴꦭꦃ school ꦲꦶꦏꦸ this ꦥꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦂ smart ꦠꦺꦤꦤ꧀ truly 5.11b guruné (gu-ru-né) teacher-of sekolah (se-ko-lah) school iku (i-ku) this pinter (pin-ter) smart tenan (te-nan) truly
5.12a ꦩꦱ꧀ꦪꦫꦏꦠ꧀ society ꦗꦮ Javanese ꦥꦢ together ꦱꦺꦤꦺꦁ happy ꦏꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦥꦏ꧀ gather 5.12b masyarakat (ma-sya-ra-kat) society Jawa (Ja-wa) Javanese padha (pa-dha) together seneng (se-neng) happy kompak (kom-pak) gather
5.13a ꦱꦸꦫ light ꦱꦫꦺꦁꦺꦴ sun ꦲꦺꦱꦸꦏ꧀ morning ꦥꦤꦱ꧀ hot ꦠꦺꦩꦺꦤ꧀ shine 5.13b sunar (su-nar) light srengéngé (sre-ngé-ngé) sun-of esuk (e-suk) morning panas (pa-nas) hot temen (te-men) shine
5.14a ꦗꦺꦤꦺꦁꦲꦺ name-of ꦫꦗ king ꦏꦸꦮꦶ that ꦩꦱ꧀ꦲꦸꦂ famous ꦱꦏ from ꦏꦧꦺꦃ all 5.14b jenengé (je-neng-é) name-of raja (ra-ja) king kuwi (ku-wi) that mashur (mas-hur) famous saka (sa-ka) from kabèh (ka-bèh) all
5.15a ꦧꦸꦔꦤꦺ flower-of ꦩꦼꦭꦠꦶ jasmine ꦮꦁꦶ fragrant ꦧꦁꦺꦠ꧀ very ꦏꦪ like ꦩꦢꦸ honey 5.15b bungané (bu-nga-né) flower-of melati (me-la-ti) jasmine wangi (wa-ngi) fragrant banget (ba-nget) very kaya (ka-ya) like madu (ma-du) honey
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5.1 Buku saka Jawa kuwi apik. That book from Java is good.
5.2 Werna kang langit biru banget. The color of the sky is very blue.
5.3 Omahé bapakku gedhé tuwa. The house of my father is big and old.
5.4 Rasa kopi iki pahit kuwat. The taste of this coffee is bitter and strong.
5.5 Lurahé désa kuwi ramé sanget. The head of that village is very friendly.
5.6 Gambar saka wayang kuno mrih padha bagus. Pictures of ancient puppets are all beautiful.
5.7 Suara gamelan Jawa ayu merdu. The sound of Javanese gamelan is beautiful and melodious.
5.8 Pangoné toko iki wong sugih. The owner of this shop is a rich person.
5.9 Argané pasar murah banget. The prices of the market are very cheap.
5.10 Lembar kang buku kuning kabèh. The pages of the book are all yellow.
5.11 Guruné sekolah iku pinter tenan. The teacher of that school is truly smart.
5.12 Masyarakat Jawa padha seneng kompak. The society of Java together is happy and united.
5.13 Sunar srengéngé esuk panas temen. The light of the morning sun is truly hot.
5.14 Jenengé raja kuwi mashur saka kabèh. The name of that king is famous from all.
5.15 Bungané melati wangi banget kaya madu. The flower of jasmine is very fragrant like honey.
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5.1 Buku saka Jawa kuwi apik.
5.2 Werna kang langit biru banget.
5.3 Omahé bapakku gedhé tuwa.
5.4 Rasa kopi iki pahit kuwat.
5.5 Lurahé désa kuwi ramé sanget.
5.6 Gambar saka wayang kuno mrih padha bagus.
5.7 Suara gamelan Jawa ayu merdu.
5.8 Pangoné toko iki wong sugih.
5.9 Argané pasar murah banget.
5.10 Lembar kang buku kuning kabèh.
5.11 Guruné sekolah iku pinter tenan.
5.12 Masyarakat Jawa padha seneng kompak.
5.13 Sunar srengéngé esuk panas temen.
5.14 Jenengé raja kuwi mashur saka kabèh.
5.15 Bungané melati wangi banget kaya madu.
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The English preposition "of" has no single equivalent in Javanese. Instead, Javanese uses several different constructions to express the relationships that English conveys with "of":
The most common way to express possession or belonging (like "of") is through the suffix -é (after consonants) or -né (after vowels): -
omah (house) → omahé (house of/his house/the house) -
guru (teacher) → guruné (teacher of/the teacher) -
raja (king) → rajané (king of/the king)
Step-by-Step Guide: -
Take the base noun (e.g., omah = house) -
If it ends in a consonant, add -é -
If it ends in a vowel, add -né -
The resulting word means "the X of" or "X's"
Used to indicate origin, source, or material: -
buku saka Jawa (book from/of Java) -
gambar saka wayang (picture of puppets) -
wong saka Jakarta (person from/of Jakarta)
Functions as a connector between nouns and their descriptions: -
werna kang langit (the color of the sky = the color which is the sky's) -
lembar kang buku (the pages of the book = the pages which belong to the book)
Often, Javanese simply places words next to each other: -
suara gamelan (sound [of] gamelan) -
masyarakat Jawa (society [of] Java)
-
Using "saka" for all types of "of" -
Wrong: omah saka bapakku (trying to say "my father's house") -
Right: omahé bapakku (using possessive suffix) -
Forgetting the possessive suffix -
Wrong: guru sekolah (teacher school) -
Right: guruné sekolah (teacher of the school) -
Using English word order -
Wrong: saka langit werna (of sky color) -
Right: werna kang langit (color of the sky) -
Confusing -é and -né -
Wrong: rajaé (after vowel 'a') -
Right: rajané (correct suffix after vowel)
English uses "of" as a catch-all preposition, while Javanese distinguishes between: -
Possession/belonging (use -é/-né) -
Origin/source (use saka) -
Description/quality (use kang or word order)
This is similar to how English distinguishes between "in," "on," and "at" where other languages might use one word.
Possessive relationships: Add -é/-né to the possessed item -
the teacher's book = bukune guru -
the house of the king = omahé raja
Origin/source: Use saka -
from Java = saka Jawa -
made of wood = saka kayu
Descriptive relationships: Use kang or simple juxtaposition -
the color of flowers = werna kang kembang -
Java society = masyarakat Jawa
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The way Javanese expresses "of" reflects deep cultural values and worldview. In Javanese society, relationships and connections are paramount, and the language reflects this through its nuanced system of expressing possession and belonging.
The -é/-né suffix does more than show possession; it indicates a relationship within the Javanese social structure. When speaking about elders or respected figures, Javanese speakers often use this suffix even when not strictly necessary, as a mark of respect. For example, "bapakné" (the father) carries more reverence than simply "bapak."
The word "saka" (from/of) reflects the Javanese cultural emphasis on origins and roots. Javanese people place great importance on knowing where someone or something comes from. This is why "wong saka ngendi?" (person from where?) is one of the first questions asked when meeting someone new. Understanding origins helps establish social connections and proper speech levels.
The Javanese tendency to express "of" through word order rather than explicit words reflects the culture's preference for indirect communication. Javanese culture values subtlety and context over directness. This linguistic feature trains speakers to pay attention to relationships and context rather than relying on explicit markers.
The Javanese script (aksara Jawa) itself embodies these cultural values. The script is written without spaces between words, requiring readers to understand context and relationships between words. This mirrors how "of" relationships are often understood through context rather than explicit words.
When learning to express "of" in Javanese, remember: -
Use possessive suffixes when showing respect -
Be aware that asking about origins (using saka) is culturally significant -
Pay attention to context, as relationships are often implied -
The choice between different "of" constructions can indicate social distance or familiarity
Understanding these cultural dimensions will help English speakers not just translate "of" correctly, but use it in culturally appropriate ways that show respect for Javanese social norms.
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From the classical Javanese text "Serat Wedhatama" by Mangkunegara IV:
ꦩꦁꦒꦸ manggu (mang-gu) indeed ꦏꦂꦠ karta (kar-ta) work ꦥꦸꦤꦶꦏ punika (pu-ni-ka) that ꦏꦂꦪꦤꦺ karyané (kar-ya-né) work-of ꦮꦺꦴꦁ wong (wong) person ꦲꦒꦸꦁ agung (a-gung) great ꦲꦩꦸꦁ amung (a-mung) only ꦱꦏꦶꦁ saking (sa-king) from ꦮꦫꦤꦺ werané (we-ra-né) teaching-of ꦲꦭꦃ Allah (Al-lah) God ꦠ ta (ta) indeed
Manggu karta punika karyané wong agung Amung saking werané Allah ta
Indeed that work is the work of great people Only from the teaching of God indeed
Manggu karta punika karyané wong agung Amung saking werané Allah ta
This excerpt beautifully demonstrates two ways of expressing "of" in classical Javanese: -
karyané - "work-of" using the possessive suffix -né attached to "karya" (work) -
saking - a more formal variant of "saka" meaning "from/of" -
werané - "teaching-of" again using the possessive suffix
The text shows how literary Javanese often uses more formal variants (punika instead of iki/kuwi, saking instead of saka) while maintaining the same grammatical structures for expressing "of" relationships. The possessive suffix -né appears twice, showing its importance in formal texts.
Note how "wong agung" (great person) uses simple juxtaposition without an explicit "of," demonstrating that even in classical texts, word order alone can express relationships.
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5.16a ꦧꦸꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦤꦺ spice-of ꦒꦸꦢꦺꦒ꧀ gudeg ꦗꦺꦴꦒ꧀ꦗ Yogya ꦏꦸꦢꦸ must ꦭꦺꦁꦏꦥ꧀ complete 5.16b bumbuné (bum-bu-né) spice-of gudeg (gu-deg) gudeg Yogya (Yog-ya) Yogya kudu (ku-du) must lengkap (leng-kap) complete
5.17a ꦫꦱꦤꦺ taste-of ꦱꦩ꧀ꦧꦭ꧀ sambal ꦧꦮꦁ onion ꦥꦺꦢꦱ꧀ spicy ꦠꦺꦩꦺꦤ꧀ truly 5.17b rasané (ra-sa-né) taste-of sambal (sam-bal) sambal bawang (ba-wang) onion pedes (pe-des) spicy temen (te-men) truly
5.18a ꦏꦸꦮꦺ broth ꦱꦏ from ꦱꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴ soto ꦭꦩꦺꦴꦁꦤ꧀ Lamongan ꦒꦸꦫꦶꦃ savory ꦧꦁꦺꦠ꧀ very 5.18b kuahé (ku-wah-é) broth-of saka (sa-ka) from soto (so-to) soto Lamongan (La-mong-an) Lamongan gurih (gu-rih) savory banget (ba-nget) very
5.19a ꦮꦺꦢꦁꦲꦺ wedang-of ꦗꦲꦺ ginger ꦲꦁꦺꦠ꧀ warm ꦥꦱ꧀ suitable ꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴ for ꦮꦪꦃ time ꦲꦸꦢꦤ꧀ rain 5.19b wedangé (we-dang-é) beverage-of jahe (ja-he) ginger anget (a-nget) warm pas (pas) suitable kanggo (kang-go) for wayah (wa-yah) time udan (u-dan) rain
5.20a ꦲꦶꦱꦶꦤꦺ filling-of ꦏꦼꦠꦸꦥꦠ꧀ ketupat ꦱꦪꦸꦂ vegetables ꦭꦺꦴꦢꦺꦃ lodeh ꦧꦼꦫꦱ꧀ delicious ꦠꦺꦤꦤ꧀ truly 5.20b isiné (i-si-né) filling-of ketupat (ke-tu-pat) ketupat sayur (sa-yur) vegetables lodeh (lo-deh) lodeh beras (be-ras) delicious tenan (te-nan) truly
5.21a ꦒꦮꦺꦪꦤꦺ making-of ꦠꦺꦩ꧀ꦥꦺ tempe ꦏꦁ which ꦠꦿꦢꦶꦱꦶꦪꦺꦴꦤꦭ꧀ traditional ꦧꦸꦠꦸꦃ need ꦮꦏ꧀ꦠꦸ time ꦱꦸꦮꦺ long 5.21b gawéyané (ga-wé-ya-né) making-of tempe (tem-pe) tempe kang (kang) which tradisional (tra-di-si-o-nal) traditional butuh (bu-tuh) need waktu (wak-tu) time suwé (su-wé) long
5.22a ꦕꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦫꦤꦺ mixture-of ꦱꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦤ꧀ coconut ꦥꦫꦸꦠ꧀ grated ꦏꦫꦺꦴ with ꦒꦸꦭ sugar ꦗꦮ Javanese 5.22b campurané (cam-pu-ra-né) mixture-of santen (san-ten) coconut parut (pa-rut) grated karo (ka-ro) with gula (gu-la) sugar Jawa (Ja-wa) Javanese
5.23a ꦲꦫꦺꦴꦩꦤꦺ aroma-of ꦏ꧀ꦭꦸꦮꦏ꧀ kluwak ꦲꦶꦫꦺꦁ black ꦲꦶꦏꦸ this ꦏꦱ꧀ special ꦧꦁꦺꦠ꧀ very 5.23b aromané (a-ro-ma-né) aroma-of kluwak (klu-wak) kluwak ireng (i-reng) black iku (i-ku) this khas (khas) special banget (ba-nget) very
5.24a ꦧꦃꦤꦺ way-of ꦩꦱꦏ꧀ cooking ꦱꦏ from ꦚꦶꦩ꧀ꦧꦺꦴꦁ grandmother ꦧꦶꦪꦺꦤ꧀ old-days ꦲꦶꦗꦶꦏ꧀ still ꦢꦶꦒꦸꦤꦏꦏꦺ used 5.24b carané (ca-ra-né) way-of masak (ma-sak) cooking saka (sa-ka) from mbah (mbah) grandmother biyen (bi-yen) old-days isih (i-sih) still digunakake (di-gu-na-ka-ke) used
5.25a ꦏꦸꦊꦠꦤꦺ thickness-of ꦫꦮꦺꦴꦤ꧀ rawon ꦱꦸꦫꦧꦪ Surabaya ꦠꦺꦫꦒꦤ꧀ꦠꦸꦁ depends ꦏꦫꦺꦴ with ꦏ꧀ꦭꦸꦮꦏ꧀ kluwak 5.25b kekenthelané (ke-ken-the-la-né) thickness-of rawon (ra-won) rawon Surabaya (Su-ra-ba-ya) Surabaya tergantung (ter-gan-tung) depends karo (ka-ro) with kluwak (klu-wak) kluwak
5.26a ꦧꦸꦩ꧀ꦧꦸ spices ꦏꦁ which ꦒꦺꦥꦸꦏ꧀ gepuk ꦢꦒꦶꦁ meat ꦏꦸꦢꦸ must ꦠꦸꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦱ꧀ penetrate ꦚꦗꦺꦫꦺꦴ inside 5.26b bumbu (bum-bu) spices kang (kang) which gepuk (ge-puk) gepuk daging (da-ging) meat kudu (ku-du) must tumpes (tum-pes) penetrate njero (nje-ro) inside
5.27a ꦮꦺꦢꦁꦲꦺ wedang-of ꦫꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦢꦺꦴ ronde ꦲꦶꦏꦶ this ꦲꦺꦤꦏ꧀ contains ꦗꦲꦺ ginger ꦭꦤ꧀ and ꦒꦸꦭ sugar ꦩꦺꦫꦃ red 5.27b wedangé (we-dang-é) beverage-of ronde (ron-de) ronde iki (i-ki) this enak (e-nak) contains jahe (ja-he) ginger lan (lan) and gula (gu-la) sugar merah (me-rah) red
5.28a ꦫꦱ taste ꦱꦏ from ꦱꦺꦒ sega ꦖꦶꦮꦸꦏ꧀ liwet ꦱꦺꦴꦭꦺꦴ Solo ꦲꦼꦤꦏ꧀ delicious ꦩꦼꦤꦮꦶ if ꦩꦔꦤ꧀ eaten ꦏꦫꦺꦴ with ꦲꦫꦺꦃ vegetables 5.28b rasa (ra-sa) taste saka (sa-ka) from sega (se-ga) rice liwet (li-wet) liwet Solo (So-lo) Solo enak (e-nak) delicious menawi (me-na-wi) if mangan (ma-ngan) eaten karo (ka-ro) with areh (a-reh) vegetables
5.29a ꦗꦼꦤꦺꦁꦲꦺ name-of ꦏꦸꦮꦺ cake ꦏꦁ which ꦛꦿꦢꦶꦱꦶꦪꦺꦴꦤꦭ꧀ traditional ꦏꦪ like ꦱꦼꦫꦧꦶ serabi ꦥꦸꦏꦶꦱ꧀ pukis 5.29b jenengé (je-neng-é) name-of kue (ku-we) cake kang (kang) which tradisional (tra-di-si-o-nal) traditional kaya (ka-ya) like serabi (se-ra-bi) serabi pukis (pu-kis) pukis
5.30a ꦲꦺꦴꦭꦃꦲꦤꦺ processing-of ꦏꦕꦁ beans ꦏꦺꦢꦺꦭꦺ soybean ꦢꦢꦶ become ꦠꦲꦸ tofu ꦠꦺꦩ꧀ꦥꦺ tempe ꦏꦸꦢꦸ must ꦠ꧀ꦭꦠꦺꦤ꧀ careful 5.30b olahané (o-la-ha-né) processing-of kacang (ka-cang) beans kedele (ke-de-le) soybean dadi (da-di) become tahu (ta-hu) tofu tempe (tem-pe) tempe kudu (ku-du) must tlaten (tla-ten) careful
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5.16 Bumbuné gudeg Yogya kudu lengkap. The spices of Yogya gudeg must be complete.
5.17 Rasané sambal bawang pedes temen. The taste of onion sambal is truly spicy.
5.18 Kuahé saka soto Lamongan gurih banget. The broth from Lamongan soto is very savory.
5.19 Wedangé jahe anget pas kanggo wayah udan. The ginger beverage is warm, suitable for rainy times.
5.20 Isiné ketupat sayur lodeh beras tenan. The filling of ketupat with lodeh vegetables is truly delicious.
5.21 Gawéyané tempe kang tradisional butuh waktu suwé. The making of traditional tempe needs a long time.
5.22 Campurané santen parut karo gula Jawa. The mixture of grated coconut with Javanese sugar.
5.23 Aromané kluwak ireng iku khas banget. The aroma of black kluwak is very special.
5.24 Carané masak saka mbah biyen isih digunakake. The way of cooking from grandmother in old days is still used.
5.25 Kekenthelané rawon Surabaya tergantung karo kluwak. The thickness of Surabaya rawon depends on kluwak.
5.26 Bumbu kang gepuk daging kudu tumpes njero. The spices which (are for) meat gepuk must penetrate inside.
5.27 Wedangé ronde iki enak jahe lan gula merah. The beverage of this ronde contains ginger and brown sugar.
5.28 Rasa saka sega liwet Solo enak menawi mangan karo areh. The taste from Solo liwet rice is delicious if eaten with vegetables.
5.29 Jenengé kue kang tradisional kaya serabi pukis. The names of traditional cakes like serabi and pukis.
5.30 Olahané kacang kedele dadi tahu tempe kudu tlaten. The processing of soybeans into tofu and tempe must be careful.
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5.16 Bumbuné gudeg Yogya kudu lengkap.
5.17 Rasané sambal bawang pedes temen.
5.18 Kuahé saka soto Lamongan gurih banget.
5.19 Wedangé jahe anget pas kanggo wayah udan.
5.20 Isiné ketupat sayur lodeh beras tenan.
5.21 Gawéyané tempe kang tradisional butuh waktu suwé.
5.22 Campurané santen parut karo gula Jawa.
5.23 Aromané kluwak ireng iku khas banget.
5.24 Carané masak saka mbah biyen isih digunakake.
5.25 Kekenthelané rawon Surabaya tergantung karo kluwak.
5.26 Bumbu kang gepuk daging kudu tumpes njero.
5.27 Wedangé ronde iki enak jahe lan gula merah.
5.28 Rasa saka sega liwet Solo enak menawi mangan karo areh.
5.29 Jenengé kue kang tradisional kaya serabi pukis.
5.30 Olahané kacang kedele dadi tahu tempe kudu tlaten.
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When discussing recipes and food in Javanese, the expression of "of" follows specific patterns that reflect both the preparation process and cultural significance of food.
In recipe language, -é/-né is extensively used to describe: -
Components and ingredients: -
bumbuné (the spices of) -
rasané (the taste of) -
isiné (the filling of) -
kuahé (the broth of) -
Preparation methods: -
carané (the way of) -
gawéyané (the making of) -
olahané (the processing of)
Recipe contexts often use "saka" to indicate: -
Regional origins: soto saka Lamongan (soto from Lamongan) -
Traditional sources: carané masak saka mbah (grandmother's way of cooking) -
Base ingredients: rasa saka sega liwet (taste from liwet rice)
"Kang" appears frequently to describe: -
Types of food: tempe kang tradisional (traditional tempe) -
Cooking processes: bumbu kang gepuk (spices which are for pounding) -
Categories: kue kang tradisional (traditional cakes)
-
Ingredient relationships: Often use possessive suffixes -
campurané X karo Y (the mixture of X with Y) -
Regional dishes: Combine dish name with place name -
gudeg Yogya (Yogya-style gudeg) -
rawon Surabaya (Surabaya-style rawon) -
Process descriptions: Use -é/-né for methods -
olahané kedele (the processing of soybeans)
-
Overusing "saka" for ingredients -
Wrong: bumbu saka gudeg -
Right: bumbuné gudeg (the spices of gudeg) -
Forgetting regional naming conventions -
Wrong: soto né Lamongan -
Right: soto Lamongan (Lamongan soto) -
Misusing "kang" with ingredients -
Wrong: gula kang Jawa -
Right: gula Jawa (Javanese sugar)
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The Latinum Institute has been creating innovative online language learning materials since 2006, pioneering methods that make ancient and modern languages accessible to autodidacts worldwide.
These lessons follow the construed text approach developed at latinum.substack.com and latinum.org.uk. This method breaks down authentic texts into manageable components, allowing learners to build comprehension gradually through: -
Interlinear glossing that shows the direct correspondence between languages -
Progressive complexity from simple phrases to literary texts -
Cultural integration that embeds grammar in real-world contexts -
Genre variety exposing learners to different registers and styles
-
Complete transparency: Every word is glossed, nothing is assumed -
Multiple presentations: The same content appears in different formats (interlinear, complete sentences, target language only) -
Cultural grounding: Grammar is taught through culturally authentic examples -
No prerequisites: Each lesson stands alone while building on previous knowledge -
Practical application: Real texts from real sources, not artificial examples
Since 2006, the Latinum Institute has focused on making language learning: -
Accessible: No expensive textbooks or courses required -
Authentic: Using real texts from target language cultures -
Comprehensive: Covering all aspects from basic grammar to literary analysis -
Self-paced: Designed for independent learners
For testimonials and reviews from students worldwide, visit: https://uk.trustpilot.com/review/latinum.org.uk
This lesson introduced both the concept of "of" in Javanese and the traditional Javanese script. As you progress: -
Focus first on understanding the Latin script examples -
Gradually familiarize yourself with the Javanese script shapes -
Practice recognizing common words in both scripts -
Use the cultural notes to understand when to use each form -
Apply the patterns in the genre section to real-world contexts
The complete course index and additional resources are available at: https://latinum.substack.com/p/index
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