Welcome to Lesson 6 of the Latinum Institute's Modern Javanese Course. This lesson focuses on the English word "to" and its various equivalents in Javanese. For a complete index of all lessons in this course, please visit https://latinum.substack.com/p/index.
Definition: In Javanese, the English preposition "to" is expressed through several words depending on context: -
menyang/nang (ꦩꦼꦚꦁ/ꦤꦁ) - directional "to" (to a place) -
marang (ꦩꦫꦁ) - "to" a person or recipient -
kanggo (ꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴ) - "for/to" indicating purpose -
dhateng (ꦝꦠꦼꦁ) - formal/respectful "to"
FAQ Schema Question: What does "to" mean in Javanese? Answer: The English word "to" has multiple translations in Javanese. The most common are "menyang" (to a place), "marang" (to a person), and "kanggo" (for a purpose). The choice depends on whether you're indicating direction, recipient, or purpose.
Educational Schema Course: Javanese Language Learning Level: Beginner Lesson: 6 - Prepositions Topic: The word "to" and its uses Language of Instruction: English Target Language: Javanese (Traditional Script and Latin Script) Skills: Reading, Grammar, Cultural Understanding
How this topic word will be used: In this lesson, you will encounter 15 varied examples showing how "to" is expressed in different Javanese contexts. Each example demonstrates natural usage in everyday situations, from simple directions to complex purposes.
Key Takeaways: -
Javanese uses different words for "to" depending on context -
"Menyang/nang" indicates movement to a place -
"Marang" indicates direction toward a person or giving to someone -
"Kanggo" expresses purpose or intention -
"Dhateng" is the respectful/formal form -
Word order in Javanese often differs from English
6.1a ꦲꦏꦸ I ꦩꦼꦚꦁ to ꦥꦱꦂ market 6.1b Aku (a-ku) I menyang (me-nyang) to pasar (pa-sar) market
6.2a ꦲꦶꦧꦸ mother ꦩꦫꦶꦤꦶ gives ꦝꦸꦮꦶꦠ꧀ money ꦩꦫꦁ to ꦲꦤꦏ꧀ child 6.2b Ibu (i-bu) mother maringi (ma-ring-i) gives dhuwit (dhu-wit) money marang (ma-rang) to anak (a-nak) child
6.3a ꦱꦼꦥꦼꦝ bicycle ꦲꦶꦏꦶ this ꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴ for ꦱꦶꦁ who ꦱꦼꦏꦺꦴꦭꦃ school 6.3b Sepedha (se-pe-dha) bicycle iki (i-ki) this kanggo (kang-go) for sing (sing) who sekolah (se-ko-lah) school
6.4a ꦧꦥꦏ꧀ father ꦮꦶꦱ꧀ already ꦮꦁꦱꦸꦭ꧀ return ꦝꦠꦼꦁ to ꦒꦿꦶꦪ home 6.4b Bapak (ba-pak) father wis (wis) already wangsul (wang-sul) return dhateng (dha-teng) to griya (gri-ya) home
6.5a ꦏꦮꦤ꧀ friend ꦏꦸꦭ my ꦤꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦁ sings ꦠꦼꦁ at ꦥꦼꦱ꧀ꦠ party 6.5b Kawan (ka-wan) friend kula (ku-la) my nembang (nem-bang) sings teng (teng) at pesta (pes-ta) party
6.6a ꦲꦏꦸ I ꦏꦸꦝꦸ must ꦤꦸꦭꦶꦱ꧀ write ꦭꦪꦁ letter ꦩꦫꦁ to ꦱꦶꦩ꧀ꦧꦃ grandparent 6.6b Aku (a-ku) I kudu (ku-du) must nulis (nu-lis) write layang (la-yang) letter marang (ma-rang) to simbah (sim-bah) grandparent
6.7a ꦧꦸꦏꦸ book ꦥꦸꦤꦶꦏ this ꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴ for ꦱꦶꦤꦮ꧀ study ꦧꦱ language ꦗꦮ Javanese 6.7b Buku (bu-ku) book punika (pu-ni-ka) this kanggo (kang-go) for sinau (si-nau) study basa (ba-sa) language Jawa (ja-wa) Javanese
6.8a ꦢꦺꦮꦺꦏ꧀ he ꦩꦼꦚꦁ to ꦱꦸꦫꦧꦪ Surabaya ꦲꦼꦱꦸꦏ꧀ morning ꦲꦶꦏꦶ this 6.8b Dheweke (dhe-we-ke) he menyang (me-nyang) to Surabaya (su-ra-ba-ya) Surabaya esuk (e-suk) morning iki (i-ki) this
6.9a ꦒꦸꦫꦸ teacher ꦩꦼꦤꦼꦃꦏꦺꦴꦏ꧀ꦏꦤ꧀ gives ꦠꦸꦒꦱ꧀ assignment ꦝꦠꦼꦁ to ꦩꦸꦫꦶꦢ꧀ student 6.9b Guru (gu-ru) teacher menehkokaken (me-neh-ko-ka-ken) gives tugas (tu-gas) assignment dhateng (dha-teng) to murid (mu-rid) student
6.10a ꦏꦶꦠ we ꦧꦏꦭ꧀ will ꦤꦁ to ꦥꦤ꧀ꦠꦻ beach ꦱꦸꦏ꧀ later ꦩꦶꦁꦒꦸ week 6.10b Kita (ki-ta) we bakal (ba-kal) will nang (nang) to pantai (pan-tai) beach suk (suk) later minggu (ming-gu) week
6.11a ꦲꦤꦏ꧀ child ꦏꦶꦫꦶꦩ꧀ send ꦥꦏꦼꦠ꧀ package ꦩꦼꦚꦁ to ꦮꦺꦴꦁ person ꦠꦸꦮ old 6.11b Anak (a-nak) child kirim (ki-rim) send paket (pa-ket) package menyang (me-nyang) to wong (wong) person tuwa (tu-wa) old
6.12a ꦭꦪꦔꦤ꧀ kite ꦩꦧꦸꦂ flies ꦩꦼꦚꦁ to ꦝꦸꦮꦸꦂ high 6.12b Layangan (la-yang-an) kite mabur (ma-bur) flies menyang (me-nyang) to dhuwur (dhu-wur) high
6.13a ꦧꦼꦕꦏ꧀ pedicab ꦲꦶꦏꦶ this ꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴ for ꦤꦸꦩ꧀ꦥꦏ꧀ ride ꦩꦼꦚꦁ to ꦲꦭꦸꦤ꧀ꦲꦭꦸꦤ꧀ town-square 6.13b Becak (be-cak) pedicab iki (i-ki) this kanggo (kang-go) for numpak (num-pak) ride menyang (me-nyang) to alun-alun (a-lun-a-lun) town-square
6.14a ꦮꦺꦴꦁ person ꦱꦏꦺꦃ many ꦥꦢ together ꦠꦼꦏ come ꦩꦫꦁ to ꦥꦼꦱ꧀ꦠ party ꦏꦮꦶꦤ꧀ wedding 6.14b Wong (wong) person sakeh (sa-keh) many padha (pa-dha) together teka (te-ka) come marang (ma-rang) to pesta (pes-ta) party kawin (ka-win) wedding
6.15a ꦱꦸꦫꦠ꧀ letter ꦲꦶꦏꦶ this ꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴ for ꦏꦶꦫꦶꦩ꧀ send ꦤꦁ to ꦗꦏꦂꦠ Jakarta 6.15b Surat (su-rat) letter iki (i-ki) this kanggo (kang-go) for kirim (ki-rim) send nang (nang) to Jakarta (ja-kar-ta) Jakarta
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6.1 Aku menyang pasar. I go to the market.
6.2 Ibu maringi dhuwit marang anak. Mother gives money to the child.
6.3 Sepedha iki kanggo sing sekolah. This bicycle is for those going to school.
6.4 Bapak wis wangsul dhateng griya. Father has already returned home. (formal)
6.5 Kawan kula nembang teng pesta. My friend sings at the party.
6.6 Aku kudu nulis layang marang simbah. I must write a letter to grandparent.
6.7 Buku punika kanggo sinau basa Jawa. This book is for studying Javanese.
6.8 Dheweke menyang Surabaya esuk iki. He goes to Surabaya this morning.
6.9 Guru menehkokaken tugas dhateng murid. The teacher gives assignments to students. (formal)
6.10 Kita bakal nang pantai suk minggu. We will go to the beach next week.
6.11 Anak kirim paket menyang wong tuwa. The child sends a package to the parents.
6.12 Layangan mabur menyang dhuwur. The kite flies up high.
6.13 Becak iki kanggo numpak menyang alun-alun. This pedicab is for riding to the town square.
6.14 Wong sakeh padha teka marang pesta kawin. Many people come together to the wedding party.
6.15 Surat iki kanggo kirim nang Jakarta. This letter is for sending to Jakarta.
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6.1 Aku menyang pasar.
6.2 Ibu maringi dhuwit marang anak.
6.3 Sepedha iki kanggo sing sekolah.
6.4 Bapak wis wangsul dhateng griya.
6.5 Kawan kula nembang teng pesta.
6.6 Aku kudu nulis layang marang simbah.
6.7 Buku punika kanggo sinau basa Jawa.
6.8 Dheweke menyang Surabaya esuk iki.
6.9 Guru menehkokaken tugas dhateng murid.
6.10 Kita bakal nang pantai suk minggu.
6.11 Anak kirim paket menyang wong tuwa.
6.12 Layangan mabur menyang dhuwur.
6.13 Becak iki kanggo numpak menyang alun-alun.
6.14 Wong sakeh padha teka marang pesta kawin.
6.15 Surat iki kanggo kirim nang Jakarta.
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Grammar Rules for "to" in Javanese
The Javanese language uses different words to express the English preposition "to" depending on the grammatical context:
1. MENYANG/NANG (ꦩꦼꦚꦁ/ꦤꦁ) - Directional "to" Used when indicating movement toward a place: -
Full form: menyang (more formal) -
Short form: nang (casual/colloquial) -
Examples: menyang pasar (to the market), nang Jakarta (to Jakarta)
2. MARANG (ꦩꦫꦁ) - Recipient "to" Used when indicating the recipient of an action: -
Giving something TO someone -
Speaking TO someone -
Writing TO someone -
Example: maringi dhuwit marang anak (give money to the child)
3. KANGGO (ꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴ) - Purpose "to/for" Used to express purpose or intended use: -
Often translates as "for" in English -
Indicates what something is meant TO do -
Example: kanggo sinau (for studying/to study)
4. DHATENG (ꦝꦠꦼꦁ) - Formal "to" The respectful/formal equivalent of menyang and marang: -
Used in formal speech (krama) -
Shows respect to the listener or person mentioned -
Can replace both menyang (for places) and marang (for people)
5. TENG (ꦠꦼꦁ) - "at/to" A shortened form that can mean both "at" and "to": -
More ambiguous than other forms -
Context determines exact meaning
Common Mistakes: -
Using only one word for all contexts -
Wrong: Aku menyang simbah (I go to grandparent) -
Right: Aku nulis layang marang simbah (I write a letter to grandparent) -
Confusing directional and recipient meanings -
Wrong: Ibu maringi dhuwit menyang anak -
Right: Ibu maringi dhuwit marang anak -
Forgetting formal registers -
In formal situations, use dhateng instead of menyang/marang -
Example: Bapak wangsul dhateng griya (formal) vs. Bapak mulih nang omah (informal) -
Word order confusion -
Javanese often places "to" phrases differently than English -
The verb usually comes before the "to" phrase
Comparison with English: -
English uses one word "to" for multiple functions -
Javanese distinguishes between direction, recipient, and purpose -
Javanese has formal/informal distinctions that English lacks -
Word order is more flexible in Javanese but typically follows Subject-Verb-Object-"to" phrase pattern
Step-by-Step Guide: -
Identify what type of "to" you need: -
Is it movement to a place? → Use menyang/nang -
Is it giving/speaking to someone? → Use marang -
Is it for a purpose? → Use kanggo -
Is it formal context? → Use dhateng -
Check the formality level: -
Casual: nang, marang -
Formal: dhateng -
Neutral: menyang, kanggo -
Place it correctly in the sentence: -
Usually after the verb and object -
Before the destination/recipient/purpose
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Understanding "to" in Javanese Culture
The multiple words for "to" in Javanese reflect deep cultural values of respect, social hierarchy, and contextual appropriateness. This linguistic complexity mirrors the intricate social relationships in Javanese society.
Social Hierarchy and Language Levels: Javanese has distinct speech levels (ngoko, madya, krama) that indicate the speaker's relationship to the listener. The choice between menyang/nang and dhateng for "to" immediately signals the formality level and social dynamics of the conversation.
Respect Through Language: When speaking to or about elders, respected figures, or in formal situations, using dhateng instead of menyang shows proper etiquette (unggah-ungguh). This is particularly important in: -
Religious contexts -
Educational settings -
Government offices -
Traditional ceremonies
Regional Variations: -
Central Java: More likely to maintain formal distinctions -
East Java: Often uses more casual forms -
Yogyakarta: Preserves the most elaborate speech levels -
Urban areas: Increasing simplification and Indonesian influence
Modern Usage: Young Javanese speakers often mix Javanese with Indonesian, sometimes using Indonesian "ke" instead of Javanese equivalents. However, traditional forms remain important for: -
Speaking with elders -
Formal ceremonies -
Cultural performances (wayang, ketoprak) -
Traditional literature
Practical Cultural Tips: -
When in doubt, err on the side of formality (use dhateng) -
Listen to how others address someone before choosing your level -
In mixed-age groups, use the level appropriate for the eldest person -
Religious contexts almost always require formal language
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From the Javanese chronicle "Serat Centhini" (early 19th century):
Part F-A (Interlinear Analysis - Construed Text)
ꦱꦁ Sang (sang) the ꦥꦤ꧀ꦝꦶꦠ pandhita (pan-dhi-ta) priest ꦏꦶꦤꦸꦤ꧀ kinun (ki-nun) ordered ꦩꦼꦚꦁ menyang (me-nyang) to-go ꦩꦫꦁ marang (ma-rang) to ꦫꦗ raja (ra-ja) king ꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴ kanggo (kang-go) for ꦔꦠꦸꦂꦏꦤ꧀ ngaturaken (nga-tur-a-ken) to-present ꦮꦼꦗꦁ wejang (we-jang) advice ꦥꦼꦂꦏꦮꦶꦱ꧀ perkawis (per-ka-wis) regarding ꦤꦼꦒꦫ negara (ne-ga-ra) kingdom
"The priest was ordered to go to the king to present advice regarding the kingdom"
Part F-B (Original Javanese Text with English Translation)
Sang pandhita kinun menyang marang raja kanggo ngaturaken wejang perkawis negara.
"The priest was ordered to go to the king to present advice regarding matters of state."
Part F-C (Javanese Text Only)
Sang pandhita kinun menyang marang raja kanggo ngaturaken wejang perkawis negara.
Part F-D (Grammatical Analysis)
This classical text demonstrates all three major uses of "to" in a single sentence: -
menyang - indicates physical movement (to go) -
marang - indicates the recipient (to the king) -
kanggo - indicates purpose (in order to present)
Notable features: -
The double use of "to" (menyang marang) is classical style -
Modern Javanese might use only one -
The formal register is appropriate for court language -
Word order follows classical patterns -
The verb kinun (was ordered) is passive voice, common in formal texts
This example from classical literature shows how Javanese "to" words can combine to create nuanced meaning, with each word contributing a specific grammatical function to create a complete picture of movement, direction, and purpose.
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6.16a ꦩ꧀ꦧꦏ꧀ꦪꦸ mbakyu (mbak-yu) older-sister ꦲꦫꦼꦥ꧀ arep (a-rep) want ꦠꦸꦏꦸ tuku (tu-ku) buy ꦲꦥ apa (a-pa) what ꦩꦼꦚꦁ menyang (me-nyang) to ꦥꦱꦂ pasar (pa-sar) market ꦲꦶꦏꦶ iki (i-ki) this 6.16b Mbakyu arep tuku apa menyang pasar iki? What do you want to buy at this market, sister?
6.17a ꦲꦏꦸ aku (a-ku) I ꦢꦺꦮꦺ dewe (de-we) self ꦥꦼꦤ꧀ꦒꦶꦤ꧀ pengin (peng-in) want ꦩꦼꦚꦁ menyang (me-nyang) to ꦮꦫꦸꦁ warung (wa-rung) stall ꦏꦺꦴꦮꦺ kowe (ko-we) your 6.17b Aku dewe pengin menyang warung kowe. I myself want to go to your stall.
6.18a ꦩꦁꦒ mangga (mang-ga) please ꦩ꧀ꦧꦏ꧀ mbak (mbak) sister ꦩꦼꦚꦁ menyang (me-nyang) to ꦩꦿꦶꦏꦶ mriki (mri-ki) here ꦩꦮꦺꦴꦤ꧀ mawon (ma-won) just 6.18b Mangga mbak menyang mriki mawon. Please sister, just come here.
6.19a ꦫꦼꦒꦤꦺ regane (re-ga-ne) price-the ꦱꦪꦸꦂ sayur (sa-yur) vegetable ꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴ kanggo (kang-go) for ꦏꦶꦫꦶꦩ꧀ kirim (ki-rim) send ꦩꦫꦁ marang (ma-rang) to ꦠꦁꦒ tangga (tang-ga) neighbor ꦥꦶꦫ pira (pi-ra) how-much 6.19b Regane sayur kanggo kirim marang tangga pira? What's the price of vegetables for sending to the neighbor?
6.20a ꦧꦏꦭ꧀ bakul (ba-kul) seller ꦩꦫꦶꦔꦶ maringi (ma-ring-i) give ꦫꦼꦒ rega (re-ga) price ꦩꦸꦫꦃ murah (mu-rah) cheap ꦩꦫꦁ marang (ma-rang) to ꦥꦼꦭꦁꦒꦤ꧀ pelanggan (pe-lang-gan) customer ꦱꦼꦠꦾ setya (set-ya) loyal 6.20b Bakul maringi rega murah marang pelanggan setya. The seller gives cheap prices to loyal customers.
6.21a ꦮꦺꦴꦁ wong (wong) person ꦢꦺꦴꦭꦺꦴꦏ꧀ dhodhok (dho-dhok) squat ꦠꦼꦁ teng (teng) at ꦥꦶꦁꦒꦶꦂ pinggir (ping-gir) edge ꦢꦭꦤ꧀ dalan (da-lan) road ꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴ kanggo (kang-go) for ꦔꦼꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦤꦶ ngenteni (ngen-te-ni) wait-for ꦧꦼꦕꦏ꧀ becak (be-cak) pedicab 6.21b Wong dhodhok teng pinggir dalan kanggo ngenteni becak. People squat at the roadside to wait for a pedicab.
6.22a ꦪꦸ yu (yu) auntie ꦩꦫꦶ mari (ma-ri) after ꦧꦼꦭꦚ belanja (be-lan-ja) shopping ꦭꦁꦱꦸꦁ langsung (lang-sung) directly ꦩꦸꦭꦶꦃ mulih (mu-lih) return ꦩꦼꦚꦁ menyang (me-nyang) to ꦲꦺꦴꦩꦃ omah (o-mah) house 6.22b Yu mari belanja langsung mulih menyang omah. Auntie, after shopping, returns directly home.
6.23a ꦠꦸꦏꦁ tukang (tu-kang) craftsman ꦒꦿꦺꦴꦧꦏ꧀ grobak (gro-bak) cart ꦩꦭꦏꦸ mlaku (mla-ku) walk ꦩꦼꦚꦁ menyang (me-nyang) to ꦏꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦁ kampung (kam-pung) village ꦱꦧꦼꦤ꧀ saben (sa-ben) every ꦲꦼꦱꦸꦏ꧀ esuk (e-suk) morning 6.23b Tukang grobak mlaku menyang kampung saben esuk. The cart vendor walks to the village every morning.
6.24a ꦧꦏꦸꦭ꧀ bakul (ba-kul) seller ꦗꦗꦤꦤ꧀ jajanan (ja-jan-an) snacks ꦏꦶꦫꦶꦩ꧀ kirim (ki-rim) send ꦢꦒꦔꦤ꧀ dagangan (da-gang-an) merchandise ꦩꦫꦁ marang (ma-rang) to ꦱꦼꦏꦺꦴꦭꦃ sekolah (se-ko-lah) school 6.24b Bakul jajanan kirim dagangan marang sekolah. The snack seller sends merchandise to the school.
6.25a ꦩ꧀ꦧꦏ꧀ mbak (mbak) sister ꦩꦼꦱꦤ꧀ mesan (me-san) order ꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦥꦺ tempe (tem-pe) tempeh ꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴ kanggo (kang-go) for ꦏꦶꦫꦶꦩ꧀ kirim (ki-rim) send ꦤꦁ nang (nang) to ꦮꦫꦸꦁ warung (wa-rung) stall ꦧꦼꦱꦸꦏ꧀ besuk (be-suk) tomorrow 6.25b Mbak mesan tempe kanggo kirim nang warung besuk. Sister orders tempeh for delivery to the stall tomorrow.
6.26a ꦧꦺꦴꦕꦃ bocah (bo-cah) child ꦕꦶꦭꦶꦏ꧀ cilik (ci-lik) small ꦢꦶꦏꦺꦴꦁꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀ dikongkon (di-kong-kon) ordered ꦠꦸꦏꦸ tuku (tu-ku) buy ꦗꦁꦒꦤ꧀ jangan (jang-an) vegetables ꦩꦼꦚꦁ menyang (me-nyang) to ꦥꦱꦂ pasar (pa-sar) market 6.26b Bocah cilik dikongkon tuku jangan menyang pasar. The small child is ordered to buy vegetables at the market.
6.27a ꦱꦶꦩ꧀ꦧꦃ simbah (sim-bah) grandparent ꦠꦶꦠꦶꦥ꧀ titip (ti-tip) entrust ꦝꦸꦮꦶꦠ꧀ dhuwit (dhu-wit) money ꦩꦫꦁ marang (ma-rang) to ꦥꦸꦠꦸ putu (pu-tu) grandchild ꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴ kanggo (kang-go) for ꦧꦼꦭꦚ belanja (be-lan-ja) shopping 6.27b Simbah titip dhuwit marang putu kanggo belanja. Grandparent entrusts money to grandchild for shopping.
6.28a ꦠꦸꦏꦁ tukang (tu-kang) vendor ꦱꦪꦸꦂ sayur (sa-yur) vegetable ꦮꦶꦱ꧀ wis (wis) already ꦩꦼꦚꦁ menyang (me-nyang) to ꦭꦶꦪꦤꦺ liyane (li-ya-ne) other ꦥꦱꦂ pasar (pa-sar) market 6.28b Tukang sayur wis menyang liyane pasar. The vegetable vendor has already gone to another market.
6.29a ꦮꦺꦴꦁ wong (wong) person ꦠꦸꦮ tuwa (tu-wa) old ꦩꦶꦤ꧀ꦠ minta (min-ta) ask ꦠꦸꦭꦸꦁ tulung (tu-lung) help ꦩꦫꦁ marang (ma-rang) to ꦧꦺꦴꦕꦃ bocah (bo-cah) child ꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴ kanggo (kang-go) for ꦒꦮ gawa (ga-wa) carry ꦧꦼꦭꦚꦤ꧀ belanjan (be-lan-jan) groceries 6.29b Wong tuwa minta tulung marang bocah kanggo gawa belanjan. The elderly person asks for help from a child to carry groceries.
6.30a ꦮꦺꦴꦁ wong (wong) person ꦢꦺꦴꦢꦺꦴꦭ꧀ dodol (do-dol) sell ꦒꦼꦠꦸꦏ꧀ gethuk (ge-thuk) cassava-cake ꦢꦺꦮꦺ dewe (de-we) self ꦩꦧꦸꦢꦸꦂ mabudur (ma-bu-dur) leave ꦩꦼꦚꦁ menyang (me-nyang) to ꦲꦺꦴꦩꦃ omah (o-mah) house ꦱꦺꦴꦫꦺ sore (so-re) afternoon 6.30b Wong dodol gethuk dewe mabudur menyang omah sore. The cassava cake seller himself leaves for home in the afternoon.
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6.16 Mbakyu arep tuku apa menyang pasar iki? What do you want to buy at this market, sister?
6.17 Aku dewe pengin menyang warung kowe. I myself want to go to your stall.
6.18 Mangga mbak menyang mriki mawon. Please sister, just come here.
6.19 Regane sayur kanggo kirim marang tangga pira? What's the price of vegetables for sending to the neighbor?
6.20 Bakul maringi rega murah marang pelanggan setya. The seller gives cheap prices to loyal customers.
6.21 Wong dhodhok teng pinggir dalan kanggo ngenteni becak. People squat at the roadside to wait for a pedicab.
6.22 Yu mari belanja langsung mulih menyang omah. Auntie, after shopping, returns directly home.
6.23 Tukang grobak mlaku menyang kampung saben esuk. The cart vendor walks to the village every morning.
6.24 Bakul jajanan kirim dagangan marang sekolah. The snack seller sends merchandise to the school.
6.25 Mbak mesan tempe kanggo kirim nang warung besuk. Sister orders tempeh for delivery to the stall tomorrow.
6.26 Bocah cilik dikongkon tuku jangan menyang pasar. The small child is ordered to buy vegetables at the market.
6.27 Simbah titip dhuwit marang putu kanggo belanja. Grandparent entrusts money to grandchild for shopping.
6.28 Tukang sayur wis menyang liyane pasar. The vegetable vendor has already gone to another market.
6.29 Wong tuwa minta tulung marang bocah kanggo gawa belanjan. The elderly person asks for help from a child to carry groceries.
6.30 Wong dodol gethuk dewe mabudur menyang omah sore. The cassava cake seller himself leaves for home in the afternoon.
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6.16 Mbakyu arep tuku apa menyang pasar iki?
6.17 Aku dewe pengin menyang warung kowe.
6.18 Mangga mbak menyang mriki mawon.
6.19 Regane sayur kanggo kirim marang tangga pira?
6.20 Bakul maringi rega murah marang pelanggan setya.
6.21 Wong dhodhok teng pinggir dalan kanggo ngenteni becak.
6.22 Yu mari belanja langsung mulih menyang omah.
6.23 Tukang grobak mlaku menyang kampung saben esuk.
6.24 Bakul jajanan kirim dagangan marang sekolah.
6.25 Mbak mesan tempe kanggo kirim nang warung besuk.
6.26 Bocah cilik dikongkon tuku jangan menyang pasar.
6.27 Simbah titip dhuwit marang putu kanggo belanja.
6.28 Tukang sayur wis menyang liyane pasar.
6.29 Wong tuwa minta tulung marang bocah kanggo gawa belanjan.
6.30 Wong dodol gethuk dewe mabudur menyang omah sore.
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Special Usage of "to" in Market/Trading Contexts
In traditional Javanese market settings, the use of "to" words follows specific patterns that reflect both commercial transactions and social relationships:
1. Questions About Destination and Purpose -
Market conversations often combine menyang (where to) and kanggo (what for) -
Example: "Arep tuku apa menyang pasar?" (What will you buy at the market?) -
The question format often drops the subject pronoun
2. Commercial Transactions Using "marang" -
When discussing prices, delivery, or transactions, marang indicates the recipient -
"Maringi rega marang pelanggan" (give price to customer) -
"Kirim dagangan marang sekolah" (send goods to school)
3. Movement Within Market Spaces -
Menyang for general market areas -
Nang for specific stalls or locations -
Teng for stationary positions
4. Purpose Expressions with "kanggo" -
Very common in market contexts for intended use -
"Kanggo belanja" (for shopping) -
"Kanggo kirim" (for sending/delivery)
5. Social Hierarchy in Market Language -
Vendors typically use casual forms (nang, marang) -
Customers may use formal forms (dhateng) when appropriate -
Age and familiarity determine formality level
Common Market Phrases: -
"Menyang pasar" (to the market) -
"Marang sapa?" (to whom?) -
"Kanggo apa?" (for what?) -
"Nang warung" (to the stall)
Typical Errors in Market Context: -
Using formal language inappropriately (too formal sounds distant) -
Confusing kanggo (purpose) with marang (recipient) in transactions -
Forgetting possessive markers in "menyang warung kowe" (to your stall)
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Contextual Grammar: Rather than presenting grammar in isolation, our lessons embed grammatical concepts within authentic texts and real-world situations. The market conversation genre in this lesson, for example, demonstrates how "to" functions in actual Javanese commerce and social interaction.
Cultural Integration: Language cannot be separated from culture. Each lesson includes cultural notes that explain not just what to say, but when and why certain forms are appropriate. Understanding Javanese speech levels (ngoko, madya, krama) is essential for proper communication.
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Prefer learning through reading and analysis -
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