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129.1 Quisquis whoever hūc here venit comes amīcus friend noster our erit will be
129.2 Dīcam I will tell tibi to you quidquid whatever scīre to know vīs you wish
129.3 Rēx king quisquis whoever es you are audī hear mē me
129.4 Faciam I will do quidquid whatever iubēs you order
129.5 Hominī to man cuīquam to anyone quidquid whatever habet he has dat he gives
129.6 Quisquis whoever hoc this dīxit said mendāx liar est is
129.7 In in silvīs forests quidquid whatever movētur moves timeō I fear
129.8 Poēta poet quisquis whoever carmina songs scrībit writes laudātur is praised
129.9 Accipiam I will receive grātō with grateful animō mind quidquid whatever dabis you will give
129.10 Quisquis whoever vēritātem truth quaerit seeks eam it invēniet will find
129.11 Dē about quidquid whatever rogās you ask respondēbō I will answer
129.12 Sapiēns wise man quisquis whoever est is fēlīx happy vīvit lives
129.13 Quidquid whatever in in terrīs lands est is deī of god opus work est is
129.14 Mīles soldier quisquis whoever fortiter bravely pugnat fights honōrem honor merētur deserves
129.15 Edunt they eat quidquid whatever inveniunt they find famelicī hungry ones
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129.1 Quisquis hūc venit, amīcus noster erit. Whoever comes here will be our friend.
129.2 Dīcam tibi quidquid scīre vīs. I will tell you whatever you wish to know.
129.3 Rēx, quisquis es, audī mē! King, whoever you are, hear me!
129.4 Quidquid iubēs, faciam. Whatever you order, I will do.
129.5 Hominī cuīquam quidquid habet dat. He gives to any man whatever he has.
129.6 Quisquis hoc dīxit, mendāx est. Whoever said this is a liar.
129.7 In silvīs quidquid movētur timeō. In the forests I fear whatever moves.
129.8 Poēta quisquis carmina scrībit laudātur. Whatever poet writes songs is praised.
129.9 Grātō animō accipiam quidquid dabis. I will receive with a grateful heart whatever you give.
129.10 Quisquis vēritātem quaerit, eam invēniet. Whoever seeks the truth will find it.
129.11 Dē quidquid rogās respondēbō. I will answer about whatever you ask.
129.12 Quisquis sapiēns est, fēlīx vīvit. Whoever is wise lives happily.
129.13 Quidquid in terrīs est, deī opus est. Whatever is on earth is the work of god.
129.14 Mīles quisquis fortiter pugnat honōrem merētur. Whatever soldier fights bravely deserves honor.
129.15 Famelicī edunt quidquid inveniunt. The hungry eat whatever they find.
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129.1 Quisquis hūc venit, amīcus noster erit.
129.2 Dīcam tibi quidquid scīre vīs.
129.3 Rēx, quisquis es, audī mē!
129.4 Quidquid iubēs, faciam.
129.5 Hominī cuīquam quidquid habet dat.
129.6 Quisquis hoc dīxit, mendāx est.
129.7 In silvīs quidquid movētur timeō.
129.8 Poēta quisquis carmina scrībit laudātur.
129.9 Grātō animō accipiam quidquid dabis.
129.10 Quisquis vēritātem quaerit, eam invēniet.
129.11 Dē quidquid rogās respondēbō.
129.12 Quisquis sapiēns est, fēlīx vīvit.
129.13 Quidquid in terrīs est, deī opus est.
129.14 Mīles quisquis fortiter pugnat honōrem merētur.
129.15 Famelicī edunt quidquid inveniunt.
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For English speakers learning Latin, "quisquis, quidquid" presents several important features: -
Form and Function: -
Quisquis = whoever (masculine/feminine) -
Quidquid = whatever (neuter) -
These are compound indefinite relative pronouns -
Formed by doubling "quis, quid" (who, what) -
Declension Pattern: Masculine/Feminine: -
Nominative: quisquis -
Genitive: cuiuscuius -
Dative: cuīquam -
Accusative: quemquem -
Ablative: quōquō
Neuter: -
Nominative/Accusative: quidquid -
Other cases follow masculine pattern -
Usage Patterns: a) As subject of clause: -
"Quisquis hoc dīxit" = "Whoever said this" -
Example: Quisquis vēritātem quaerit, eam invēniet.
b) As object: -
"quidquid vīs" = "whatever you wish" -
Example: Faciam quidquid iubēs.
c) In apposition: -
"poēta quisquis" = "whatever poet" -
Example: Poēta quisquis carmina scrībit laudātur. -
Syntactic Features: -
Often introduces a relative clause -
Can be used substantively (as a noun) -
Takes indicative mood (unlike some indefinites) -
Creates generalizing statements -
Word Order Variations: -
Initial position for emphasis: "Quisquis hūc venit" -
Embedded in clause: "poēta quisquis carmina scrībit" -
Final position: "quidquid inveniunt"
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For English speakers, understanding "quisquis, quidquid" requires cultural context: -
Roman Legal Usage: -
Used in laws for universal application -
Created binding statements for all citizens -
Example: "Quisquis civis Romanus" (any Roman citizen) -
Important in edicts and proclamations -
Philosophical Applications: -
Stoics used it for universal principles -
Expressed ideas about fate and acceptance -
"Quidquid accidit" = accepting whatever happens -
Key to understanding Roman fatalism -
Religious Context: -
Used in prayers and vows -
Created open-ended dedications -
"Quisquis deus" = to whatever god -
Shows Roman religious flexibility -
Modern Relevance: -
Survives in legal Latin -
Used in mottoes and maxims -
Similar to English "whoever/whatever" -
Foundation for Romance language forms
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From Vergil's Aeneid (2.49-52):
Part F-A (Interleaved Text)
Quidquid whatever id it est is, timeō I fear Danaōs Greeks et even dōna gifts ferentēs bearing. Aut either aliquis someone latet lies hidden errōr trick; equō horse nē not crēdite trust, Teucrī Trojans. Quisquis whoever is he est is, aut either dolus deceit aut or virtūs courage, quis who in against hoste enemy requīrat would seek?
Quidquid id est, timeō Danaōs et dōna ferentēs. Aut aliquis latet errōr; equō nē crēdite, Teucrī. Quisquis is est, aut dolus aut virtūs, quis in hoste requīrat?
Whatever it is, I fear the Greeks even when bearing gifts. Either some trick lies hidden; do not trust the horse, Trojans. Whoever he is, whether it be deceit or courage, who would seek it in an enemy?
Laocoön uses "quidquid" to express his suspicion about the wooden horse, regardless of its nature. The indefinite pronoun emphasizes the unknown danger. "Quisquis" later reinforces the uncertainty about Sinon's character, whether deceptive or genuine.
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"Quidquid id est" - emphatic opening with resumptive "id" -
"timeō" governs accusative "Danaōs" -
"ferentēs" - present participle agreeing with "Danaōs" -
"Quisquis is est" - compound expression for emphasis -
Indirect question with "quis...requīrat" (subjunctive)
✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾Genre Section: Philosophical Dialogue
129.16 Philosophus philosopher discipulīs to disciples dīcit says quisquis whoever vēritātem truth amat loves eam it sequātur let him follow
129.17 Quidquid whatever in in mundō world fit happens causam cause habet has philosophus philosopher docet teaches
129.18 Discipulus disciple rogat asks quis who quisquis whoever sapiēns wise esse to be possit can
129.19 Magister teacher respondet replies quidquid whatever discis you learn vitae for life ūtile useful sit may be
129.20 Quisquis whoever sē himself ipsum self nōvit knows vērē truly sapiēns wise est is
129.21 Senex old man philosophus philosopher monet warns quidquid whatever agis you do prūdenter prudently agas do
129.22 Iuvenis young man quaerit seeks quisquis whoever beātus blessed vīvere to live possit can
129.23 Quidquid whatever nātūra nature dedit gave bonī of good custōdīre to guard debēmus we ought
129.24 Philosophus philosopher affirmat affirms quisquis whoever virtūtem virtue colit cultivates numquam never errat errs
129.25 Discipulī disciples audiunt hear quidquid whatever dē about animō soul magister teacher explicat explains
129.26 Quisquis whoever mortālis mortal est is mortem death timēre to fear nōn not dēbet ought
129.27 Sapiēns wise man cognōscit recognizes quidquid whatever bonum good malumve or bad sit may be
129.28 Stoicus Stoic philosophus philosopher praecipit instructs quisquis whoever patitur suffers aequō with calm animō mind ferat let him bear
129.29 Quidquid whatever fortūna fortune aufert takes away philosophus philosopher contemnit despises
129.30 Quisquis whoever haec these things intellegit understands vēram true sapientiam wisdom adipīscitur obtains
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129.16 Philosophus discipulīs dīcit: "Quisquis vēritātem amat, eam sequātur." The philosopher says to his disciples: "Whoever loves truth, let him follow it."
129.17 Quidquid in mundō fit causam habet, philosophus docet. The philosopher teaches that whatever happens in the world has a cause.
129.18 Discipulus rogat quis quisquis sapiēns esse possit. The disciple asks who anyone can be wise.
129.19 Magister respondet: "Quidquid discis, vitae ūtile sit." The teacher replies: "Whatever you learn, may it be useful for life."
129.20 Quisquis sē ipsum nōvit, vērē sapiēns est. Whoever knows himself is truly wise.
129.21 Senex philosophus monet: "Quidquid agis, prūdenter agas." The old philosopher warns: "Whatever you do, do it prudently."
129.22 Iuvenis quaerit quisquis beātus vīvere possit. The young man seeks to know whoever can live happily.
129.23 Quidquid nātūra dedit bonī, custōdīre debēmus. Whatever good nature has given, we ought to preserve.
129.24 Philosophus affirmat quisquis virtūtem colit numquam errat. The philosopher affirms that whoever cultivates virtue never errs.
129.25 Discipulī audiunt quidquid dē animō magister explicat. The disciples hear whatever the teacher explains about the soul.
129.26 Quisquis mortālis est, mortem timēre nōn dēbet. Whoever is mortal ought not fear death.
129.27 Sapiēns cognōscit quidquid bonum malumve sit. The wise man recognizes whatever may be good or bad.
129.28 Stoicus philosophus praecipit: "Quisquis patitur, aequō animō ferat." The Stoic philosopher instructs: "Whoever suffers, let him bear it with a calm mind."
129.29 Quidquid fortūna aufert, philosophus contemnit. Whatever fortune takes away, the philosopher despises.
129.30 Quisquis haec intellegit, vēram sapientiam adipīscitur. Whoever understands these things obtains true wisdom.
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129.16 Philosophus discipulīs dīcit: "Quisquis vēritātem amat, eam sequātur."
129.17 Quidquid in mundō fit causam habet, philosophus docet.
129.18 Discipulus rogat quis quisquis sapiēns esse possit.
129.19 Magister respondet: "Quidquid discis, vitae ūtile sit."
129.20 Quisquis sē ipsum nōvit, vērē sapiēns est.
129.21 Senex philosophus monet: "Quidquid agis, prūdenter agas."
129.22 Iuvenis quaerit quisquis beātus vīvere possit.
129.23 Quidquid nātūra dedit bonī, custōdīre debēmus.
129.24 Philosophus affirmat quisquis virtūtem colit numquam errat.
129.25 Discipulī audiunt quidquid dē animō magister explicat.
129.26 Quisquis mortālis est, mortem timēre nōn dēbet.
129.27 Sapiēns cognōscit quidquid bonum malumve sit.
129.28 Stoicus philosophus praecipit: "Quisquis patitur, aequō animō ferat."
129.29 Quidquid fortūna aufert, philosophus contemnit.
129.30 Quisquis haec intellegit, vēram sapientiam adipīscitur.
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In philosophical dialogue, "quisquis, quidquid" serves specific rhetorical and logical functions: -
Universal Statements: Original: "Quisquis mortālis est, mortem timēre nōn dēbet" Analysis: -
Creates universal principle -
Subject of main clause -
Followed by defining characteristic Similar pattern: "Quisquis virtūtem colit numquam errat" -
Jussive Subjunctive: Original: "Quisquis vēritātem amat, eam sequātur" Analysis: -
Third person command -
sequātur = jussive subjunctive -
Common in moral precepts Pattern: "Quisquis [characteristic], [command in subjunctive]" -
Indirect Questions: Original: "Discipulus rogat quis quisquis sapiēns esse possit" Analysis: -
Double interrogative for emphasis -
possit = subjunctive in indirect question -
Philosophical inquiry structure -
With Partitive Genitive: Original: "Quidquid nātūra dedit bonī" Analysis: -
quidquid = head -
bonī = partitive genitive -
"whatever of good" -
In Subordinate Clauses: Original: "Discipulī audiunt quidquid dē animō magister explicat" Analysis: -
quidquid introduces noun clause -
Object of audiunt -
Indicative mood (explicat) -
Philosophical Word Order: a) Initial for emphasis: "Quisquis sē ipsum nōvit, vērē sapiēns est"
b) Embedded for flow: "Sapiēns cognōscit quidquid bonum malumve sit"
c) With verb separation: "Quidquid fortūna aufert, philosophus contemnit" -
Modal Expressions: Original: "Quidquid discis, vitae ūtile sit" Analysis: -
sit = optative subjunctive -
Expresses wish or purpose -
Common in advice
These constructions show how philosophical Latin uses indefinite relatives to express universal truths, moral principles, and logical relationships.
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