← Latinum Institute Latin Reading Course
36.1 Alius another puer boy in in viā the road ambulat walks
36.2 Aliam another puellam girl in in hortō the garden videō I see
36.3 Aliud another templum temple in in urbe the city est is
36.4 Mater mother alium another librum book fīliō to her son dat gives
36.5 Ad to aliam another urbem city nunc now veniunt they come
36.6 Aliī other virī men per through viam the road currunt run
36.7 Aliae other fēminae women in in forō the forum sedent sit
36.8 Alia other templa temples in in montibus the mountains stant stand
36.9 Magister the teacher aliōs other discipulōs students docet teaches
36.10 Pater father cum with aliīs others amīcīs friends ambulat walks
36.11 Alius another exercitus army ad to castra the camp venit comes
36.12 Aliam another viam road ad to mare the sea inveniunt they find
36.13 Aliud another bellum war in in terrā the land incipit begins
36.14 Agricola the farmer in in aliō another agrō field labōrat works
36.15 Aliās other nāvēs ships in in portū the harbor vidēmus we see
✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾
36.1 In viā alius puer ambulat. Another boy walks in the road.
36.2 Aliam puellam in hortō videō. I see another girl in the garden.
36.3 In urbe aliud templum est. There is another temple in the city.
36.4 Mater fīliō alium librum dat. Mother gives another book to her son.
36.5 Ad aliam urbem nunc veniunt. Now they come to another city.
36.6 Per viam aliī virī currunt. Other men run through the road.
36.7 In forō aliae fēminae sedent. Other women sit in the forum.
36.8 In montibus alia templa stant. Other temples stand in the mountains.
36.9 Aliōs discipulōs magister docet. The teacher teaches other students.
36.10 Cum aliīs amīcīs pater ambulat. Father walks with other friends.
36.11 Ad castra alius exercitus venit. Another army comes to the camp.
36.12 Aliam viam ad mare inveniunt. They find another road to the sea.
36.13 In terrā aliud bellum incipit. Another war begins in the land.
36.14 In aliō agrō agricola labōrat. The farmer works in another field.
36.15 Aliās nāvēs in portū vidēmus. We see other ships in the harbor.
✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾
36.1 In viā alius puer ambulat.
36.2 Aliam puellam in hortō videō.
36.3 In urbe aliud templum est.
36.4 Mater fīliō alium librum dat.
36.5 Ad aliam urbem nunc veniunt.
36.6 Per viam aliī virī currunt.
36.7 In forō aliae fēminae sedent.
36.8 In montibus alia templa stant.
36.9 Aliōs discipulōs magister docet.
36.10 Cum aliīs amīcīs pater ambulat.
36.11 Ad castra alius exercitus venit.
36.12 Aliam viam ad mare inveniunt.
36.13 In terrā aliud bellum incipit.
36.14 In aliō agrō agricola labōrat.
36.15 Aliās nāvēs in portū vidēmus.
✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾
"Alius" is an adjective meaning "other" or "another." It has special features that English speakers should note: -
Declension Pattern: -
Uses endings from both 2nd and 3rd declensions -
Genitive singular: alīus (not aliī) -
Dative singular: aliī (not aliō) -
Forms: Singular: -
Masculine: alius, alīus, aliī, alium, aliō -
Feminine: alia, alīus, aliī, aliam, aliā -
Neuter: aliud, alīus, aliī, aliud, aliō
Plural: -
Masculine: aliī, aliōrum, aliīs, aliōs, aliīs -
Feminine: aliae, aliārum, aliīs, aliās, aliīs -
Neuter: alia, aliōrum, aliīs, alia, aliīs -
Usage: -
Like English "other," describes something different from what was previously mentioned -
Can be used both as an adjective and as a pronoun -
Often pairs with "alter" to mean "one...another"
✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾
For English speakers, understanding "alius" requires cultural context: -
Roman Perspective: -
Romans were precise in distinguishing "other" things -
Important in legal and military contexts -
Used in literature to contrast different people or things -
Modern Connections: -
Similar to Spanish "otro" or French "autre" -
More specific than English "other" -
Important in understanding Roman categorization -
Usage in Daily Life: -
Common in marketplace transactions -
Used in directions and locations -
Essential in social interactions
✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾
Part F-A (Interleaved Text)
From Vergil's Aeneid (1.19):
Aliud another genus race ab from sanguine the blood Teucri of Teucer
Aliud genus ab sanguine Teucri. Another race from the blood of Teucer.
Vergil uses "aliud" to emphasize the distinct nature of the Roman people, descended from Trojan blood. The adjective highlights their unique destiny.
-
"Aliud" is nominative neuter singular -
Modifies "genus" (neuter noun) -
Shows the distinctive quality of the Roman people
✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾
36.16 Aliī other mīlitēs soldiers ad to castra the camp veniēbant were coming
36.17 Dux the leader alium another ducem leader in in proeliō battle vīdit saw
36.18 Alia other arma weapons in in castrīs the camp erant were
36.19 Aliae other cohortēs cohorts montem the mountain ascendēbant were climbing
36.20 Ad to aliud another flūmen river exercitum the army dūxit he led
36.21 Cum with aliīs other sociīs allies pugnāvērunt they fought
36.22 In in aliā another terrā land bellum war gerēbant they were waging
36.23 Aliōs other hostēs enemies superāvērunt they overcame
36.24 Ab from aliō another latere side impetum attack fēcērunt they made
36.25 Alia other castra camps prope near urbem the city posuērunt they placed
36.26 Aliās other legiōnēs legions ad to pugnam battle vocāvit he called
36.27 In in aliō another locō place victōriam victory cēpērunt they won
36.28 Aliam another victōriam victory magnā with great cum with glōriā glory reportāvērunt they brought back
36.29 Ad to alium another portum port nāvēs ships longae warships appulērunt landed
36.30 Aliud another proelium battle prīmā at first lūce light commīsērunt they joined
36.16 Ad castra aliī mīlitēs veniēbant. Other soldiers were coming to the camp.
36.17 Dux alium ducem in proeliō vīdit. The leader saw another leader in battle.
36.18 In castrīs alia arma erant. Other weapons were in the camp.
36.19 Aliae cohortēs montem ascendēbant. Other cohorts were climbing the mountain.
36.20 Ad aliud flūmen exercitum dūxit. He led the army to another river.
36.21 Cum aliīs sociīs pugnāvērunt. They fought with other allies.
36.22 In aliā terrā bellum gerēbant. They were waging war in another land.
36.23 Aliōs hostēs superāvērunt. They overcame other enemies.
36.24 Ab aliō latere impetum fēcērunt. They made an attack from another side.
36.25 Alia castra prope urbem posuērunt. They placed other camps near the city.
36.26 Aliās legiōnēs ad pugnam vocāvit. He called other legions to battle.
36.27 In aliō locō victōriam cēpērunt. They won victory in another place.
36.28 Aliam victōriam magnā cum glōriā reportāvērunt. They brought back another victory with great glory.
36.29 Ad alium portum nāvēs longae appulērunt. The warships landed at another port.
36.30 Aliud proelium prīmā lūce commīsērunt. They joined another battle at first light.
✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾
36.16 Ad castra aliī mīlitēs veniēbant.
36.17 Dux alium ducem in proeliō vīdit.
36.18 In castrīs alia arma erant.
36.19 Aliae cohortēs montem ascendēbant.
36.20 Ad aliud flūmen exercitum dūxit.
36.21 Cum aliīs sociīs pugnāvērunt.
36.22 In aliā terrā bellum gerēbant.
36.23 Aliōs hostēs superāvērunt.
36.24 Ab aliō latere impetum fēcērunt.
36.25 Alia castra prope urbem posuērunt.
36.26 Aliās legiōnēs ad pugnam vocāvit.
36.27 In aliō locō victōriam cēpērunt.
36.27 In aliō locō victōriam cēpērunt.
36.28 Aliam victōriam magnā cum glōriā reportāvērunt.
36.29 Ad alium portum nāvēs longae appulērunt.
36.30 Aliud proelium prīmā lūce commīsērunt.
✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾
The military account section demonstrates several important grammatical features: -
Uses of "alius" in Military Context: -
As attributive adjective: "aliī mīlitēs" (other soldiers) -
With military terminology: "alia castra" (other camps) -
In tactical descriptions: "ab aliō latere" (from another side) -
Verb Tenses: -
Imperfect: "veniēbant" (were coming) - ongoing past action -
Perfect: "superāvērunt" (overcame) - completed past action -
Mixed usage reflects typical Roman military narrative style -
Military Vocabulary with "alius": -
Combat terms: proelium, pugna, impetus -
Military units: legiōnēs, cohortēs, exercitus -
Military locations: castra, portus -
Case Usage: -
Ablative of place: "in aliō locō" -
Accusative of motion: "ad alium portum" -
Ablative of accompaniment: "cum aliīs sociīs" -
Typical Word Order: -
Flexible positioning of "alius" for emphasis -
Standard military report format -
Position of verbs typically at end of clause
✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾ ✾ ❦ ✾ ❦ ✾
---