Lesson 81

Part A (Interleaved English and Latin Text)

80.1 Ista that puella girl rōsam rose in in hortō garden carpit picks

80.2 Magister teacher istud that exemplum example discipulīs to students explicat explains

80.3 Istī to that poētae poet carmina poems māgna great plācent please

80.4 Pater father istōs those librōs books fīliō to son dedit gave

80.5 Istae those rosae roses in in hortō garden pulchrae beautiful sunt are

80.6 Mīles soldier istā by that viā road ad to urbem city venit comes

80.7 Quid what tibi to you istud that verbum word significat means

80.8 Istōrum of those hominum men virtūtēs virtues laudāmus we praise

80.9 Istīs to those mercātōribus merchants pecūniam money dēbēmus we owe

80.10 Ista that sententia opinion mihi to me nōn not placet pleases

80.11 Agricola farmer istud that frūmentum grain in in agrō field colligit gathers

80.12 Istae those fābulae stories puerōs boys dēlectant delight

80.13 Cūr why istam that epistulam letter scrīpsistī did you write

80.14 Istīus of that virī man cōnsilium plan audiāmus let us hear

80.15 Māter mother istud that vestīmentum garment fīliae for daughter parat prepares

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Part B (Complete Natural Sentences)

80.1 Ista puella rōsam in hortō carpit. That girl of yours is picking a rose in the garden.

80.2 Magister istud exemplum discipulīs explicat. The teacher explains that example of yours to the students.

80.3 Istī poētae carmina māgna plācent. Great poems please that poet of yours.

80.4 Pater istōs librōs fīliō dedit. Father gave those books of yours to his son.

80.5 Istae rosae in hortō pulchrae sunt. Those roses of yours in the garden are beautiful.

80.6 Mīles istā viā ad urbem venit. The soldier comes to the city by that road of yours.

80.7 Quid tibi istud verbum significat? What does that word of yours mean to you?

80.8 Istōrum hominum virtūtēs laudāmus. We praise the virtues of those men of yours.

80.9 Istīs mercātōribus pecūniam dēbēmus. We owe money to those merchants of yours.

80.10 Ista sententia mihi nōn placet. That opinion of yours does not please me.

80.11 Agricola istud frūmentum in agrō colligit. The farmer gathers that grain of yours in the field.

80.12 Istae fābulae puerōs dēlectant. Those stories of yours delight the boys.

80.13 Cūr istam epistulam scrīpsistī? Why did you write that letter of yours?

80.14 Istīus virī cōnsilium audiāmus. Let us hear the plan of that man of yours.

80.15 Māter istud vestīmentum fīliae parat. Mother prepares that garment of yours for her daughter.

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Part C (Latin Text Only)

80.1 Ista puella rōsam in hortō carpit.

80.2 Magister istud exemplum discipulīs explicat.

80.3 Istī poētae carmina māgna plācent.

80.4 Pater istōs librōs fīliō dedit.

80.5 Istae rosae in hortō pulchrae sunt.

80.6 Mīles istā viā ad urbem venit.

80.7 Quid tibi istud verbum significat?

80.8 Istōrum hominum virtūtēs laudāmus.

80.9 Istīs mercātōribus pecūniam dēbēmus.

80.10 Ista sententia mihi nōn placet.

80.11 Agricola istud frūmentum in agrō colligit.

80.12 Istae fābulae puerōs dēlectant.

80.13 Cūr istam epistulam scrīpsistī?

80.14 Istīus virī cōnsilium audiāmus.

80.15 Māter istud vestīmentum fīliae parat.

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Part D (Grammar Explanation)

The demonstrative pronoun "iste, ista, istud" has several important features for English speakers to understand: -

Forms and Declension: -

Follows pattern similar to "ille, illa, illud" -

Three gender forms: iste (m.), ista (f.), istud (n.) -

Declines like a first/second declension adjective with some variations -

Neuter singular nominative/accusative ends in -ud -

Case Uses (with examples): -

Nominative: "Ista puella" (that girl as subject) -

Accusative: "istōs librōs" (those books as object) -

Genitive: "istīus virī" (of that man) -

Dative: "istī poētae" (to that poet) -

Ablative: "istā viā" (by that road) -

Agreement: -

Must agree with its noun in gender, number, and case -

Example: "istae rosae" (feminine plural nominative) -

Example: "istud verbum" (neuter singular nominative) -

Special Meaning: -

Often implies "that of yours" or "that near you" -

Can have contemptuous tone in some contexts -

Used for objects associated with person addressed

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Part E (Cultural Context)

For English speakers, understanding "iste" requires cultural context: -

Social Implications: -

Often used in conversation and direct address -

Can indicate social distance or familiarity -

Important in legal and rhetorical contexts -

Usage in Roman Courts: -

"Iste" often referred to the defendant -

Could carry negative connotation -

Frequently used by Cicero in his speeches -

Literary Uses: -

Common in letters and dialogues -

Helps establish point of view -

Creates immediacy in narrative -

Modern Relevance: -

Similar to informal English "that...of yours" -

Used in academic Latin today -

Important for reading legal texts

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Part F (Literary Citation)

From Cicero's "In Verrem" (2.1.58):

Part F-A (Interleaved Text)

Part F-A (Interleaved Text)

Iste that man (Verres) quemadmodum in what way compositō having been arranged et and dēlībutō anointed capillō with hair per through forum forum volitet flits about cum with magnā great catervā crowd togātōrum of toga-wearing men vidētis you see, iūdicēs judges.

Part F-B (Complete Translation)

"Iste quemadmodum compositō et dēlībutō capillō per forum volitet cum magnā catervā togātōrum vidētis, iūdicēs."

You see, judges, how that man (Verres) flits through the forum with his hair arranged and perfumed, accompanied by a great crowd of toga-wearing men.

Part F-C (Literary Analysis)

Cicero uses "iste" here with its full contemptuous force, referring to Verres, the defendant. The word placement at the start emphasizes Cicero's scorn.

Part F-D (Grammatical Notes)

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"Iste" as nominative subject -

Ablative absolute "compositō et dēlībutō capillō" -

Subjunctive "volitet" in indirect question -

Complex sentence structure typical of Cicero

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Genre Section: Courtroom Speech

Part A (Interleaved Text)

80.16 Iūdicēs judges, istum that hominem man ante before vōs you vidētis you see

80.17 Ista those verba words scelerata wicked crīmen crime manifēstant reveal

80.18 Istīus of that virī man facta deeds omnēs all condemnant condemn

80.19 Iste that man pecūniam money pūblicam public rapere to seize ausus having dared est is

80.20 Testēs witnesses istam that rem matter sine without dubiō doubt confirmant confirm

80.21 Istī for that fūrī thief nūlla no excūsātiō excuse est is

80.22 Quis who istīus of that man sceleris crime ignārus ignorant est is

80.23 Istae those litterae documents vēritātem truth ostendunt show

80.24 Istōs those dolōs tricks iam now palam openly facimus we make

80.25 Iste that man leges laws nostrās our contempsit despised

80.26 Istud that furtum theft rēs matter pūblica public nōn not ignōscet will forgive

80.27 Quis who istī that adulēscentī young man crēdet will believe

80.28 Istōrum of those testium witnesses verba words audīvistis you have heard

80.29 Ista that sententia verdict rempūblicam republic servābit will save

80.30 Iūdicēs judges istum that man mox soon damnābunt will condemn

Part B (Complete Natural Sentences)

80.16 Iūdicēs, istum hominem ante vōs vidētis. Judges, you see that man before you.

80.17 Ista verba scelerata crīmen manifēstant. Those wicked words reveal the crime.

80.18 Istīus virī facta omnēs condemnant. Everyone condemns the deeds of that man.

80.19 Iste pecūniam pūblicam rapere ausus est. That man dared to seize public money.

80.20 Testēs istam rem sine dubiō confirmant. The witnesses confirm that matter without doubt.

80.21 Istī fūrī nūlla excūsātiō est. There is no excuse for that thief.

80.22 Quis istīus sceleris ignārus est? Who is unaware of that man's crime?

80.23 Istae litterae vēritātem ostendunt. Those documents show the truth.

80.24 Istōs dolōs iam palam facimus. We now expose those tricks openly.

80.25 Iste leges nostrās contempsit. That man despised our laws.

80.26 Istud furtum rēs pūblica nōn ignōscet. The state will not forgive that theft.

80.27 Quis istī adulēscentī crēdet? Who will believe that young man?

80.28 Istōrum testium verba audīvistis. You have heard the words of those witnesses.

80.29 Ista sententia rempūblicam servābit. That verdict will save the republic.

80.30 Iūdicēs istum mox damnābunt. The judges will soon condemn that man.

Part C (Latin Text Only)

80.16 Iūdicēs, istum hominem ante vōs vidētis.

80.17 Ista verba scelerata crīmen manifēstant.

80.18 Istīus virī facta omnēs condemnant.

80.19 Iste pecūniam pūblicam rapere ausus est.

80.20 Testēs istam rem sine dubiō confirmant.

80.21 Istī fūrī nūlla excūsātiō est.

80.22 Quis istīus sceleris ignārus est?

80.23 Istae litterae vēritātem ostendunt.

80.24 Istōs dolōs iam palam facimus.

80.25 Iste leges nostrās contempsit.

80.26 Istud furtum rēs pūblica nōn ignōscet.

80.27 Quis istī adulēscentī crēdet?

80.28 Istōrum testium verba audīvistis.

80.29 Ista sententia rempūblicam servābit.

80.30 Iūdicēs istum mox damnābunt.

Part D (Grammar Explanation for Genre Section)

The use of "iste" in Roman legal contexts has several special characteristics: -

Legal Terminology: -

"Iste" often refers to the defendant -

Frequently used with legal terms like "crīmen," "testis," "iūdex" -

Can carry strong pejorative force -

Rhetorical Patterns: -

Opening address: "Iūdicēs, istum hominem..." -

Rhetorical questions: "Quis istī adulēscentī crēdet?" -

Strong assertions: "Ista verba scelerata crīmen manifēstant" -

Case Usage in Legal Context: -

Accusative for defendant: "istum hominem" -

Genitive for possession: "istīus sceleris" -

Dative for indirect objects: "istī fūrī" -

Time References: -

Present tense for current situation: "vidētis" -

Future for outcome: "damnābunt" -

Perfect for established facts: "contempsit" -

Word Order in Legal Speech: -

"Iste" often appears early in clause for emphasis -

Can be separated from its noun for rhetorical effect -

Final position of verbs common in formal speech -

Special Constructions: -

With legal vocabulary: "crīmen," "furtum," "leges" -

In accusations: "iste... ausus est" -

In witness testimony: "testēs... confirmant"

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