For autodidact students of Mandarin, 时间 (shíjiān) is the primary word for "time" as a resource, duration, or abstract concept. Chinese distinguishes between several time-related nouns that English collapses into one word: 时间 (time as a quantity — I don't have time), 时候 (shíhou, time as a moment — when I was a child), 时机 (shíjī, timing/opportunity), and 时代 (shídài, era/age). Understanding this split is essential for natural Chinese.
时间 is the word of clocks, calendars, and resources: 没有时间 (no time), 浪费时间 (waste time), 时间不够 (not enough time). It answers the question of duration and quantity. 时候 answers the question of when — at what moment. A learner who uses 时间 and 时候 correctly has mastered one of Chinese's most productive noun distinctions.
Key Takeaways: - 时间 (shíjiān): time as resource/duration — I have time, spend time, waste time - 时候 (shíhou): time as moment/period — when I was young, at that time - 没有时间 (méiyǒu shíjiān): have no time — the most common complaint - 时间 + 了 (duration completed): 等了很长时间 (waited a long time) - 花时间 (huā shíjiān): spend time; 浪费时间 (làngfèi shíjiān): waste time - 时间过得很快 (shíjiān guò de hěn kuài): time passes quickly
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时 (shí) = time/season — composed of 日 (rì, sun/day) on the left and 寸 (cùn, inch/measure) on the right. The sun measured out in inches: time as the measurement of the sun's movement. Time is solar, visible, and quantifiable in the character's very structure.
间 (jiān) = space between / among / within. Composed of 门 (mén, gate/door) with 日 (sun) inside: the sun's light passing through a gap in a gate. Space, gap, interval — 时间 = the gap/interval of time. The compound captures the sense of time as a space between events, a gap through which experience passes.
间 appears widely: 空间 (kōngjiān, space/room), 中间 (zhōngjiān, between/middle), 时间 (shíjiān, time), 人间 (rénjiān, the human world), 车间 (chējiān, workshop).
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45.1a 我 I 没有 not-have 时间 time
45.1b (wǒ) I (méiyǒu) not-have (shíjiān) time
45.2a 时间 time 过得 passes-DE 很 very 快 fast
45.2b (shíjiān) time (guò de) passes-DE (hěn) very (kuài) fast
45.3a 请 please 给 give 我 me 一点 a-little 时间 time
45.3b (qǐng) please (gěi) give (wǒ) me (yīdiǎn) a-little (shíjiān) time
45.4a 这 this 件事 matter 需要 needs 时间 time 来 to 证明 prove
45.4b (zhè) this (jiàn shì) matter (xūyào) needs (shíjiān) time (lái) to (zhèngmíng) prove
45.5a 他 he 花 spent 了 PERF 很多 much 时间 time 准备 preparing 这 this 次 CL 演讲 speech
45.5b (tā) he (huā) spent (le) PERF (hěn duō) much (shíjiān) time (zhǔnbèi) preparing (zhè) this (cì) CL (yǎnjiǎng) speech
45.6a 时间 time 不等 not-wait 人 people
45.6b (shíjiān) time (bù děng) not-wait (rén) people
45.7a 年轻 young 时候 time ， , 不 not 觉得 feel 时间 time 宝贵 precious
45.7b (niánqīng) young (shíhou) time (bù) not (juéde) feel (shíjiān) time (bǎoguì) precious
45.8a 浪费 waste 时间 time ， , 就是 exactly-is 浪费 waste 生命 life
45.8b (làngfèi) waste (shíjiān) time (jiùshì) exactly-is (làngfèi) waste (shēngmìng) life
45.9a 我们 we 在 at 一起 together 的 DE 时间 time 太 too 短 short 了 PERF
45.9b (wǒmen) we (zài) at (yīqǐ) together (de) DE (shíjiān) time (tài) too (duǎn) short (le) PERF
45.10a 时间 time 是 is 最 most 公平 fair 的 DE ， , 每个人 every-person 都 all 有 have 同样 same 的 DE 二十四 twenty-four 小时 hours
45.10b (shíjiān) time (shì) is (zuì) most (gōngpíng) fair (de) DE (měi gè rén) every-person (dōu) all (yǒu) have (tóngyàng) same (de) DE (èrshísì) twenty-four (xiǎoshí) hours
45.11a 等 wait 了 PERF 很长 very-long 时间 time ， , 他 he 终于 finally 来了 came-PERF
45.11b (děng le) waited-PERF (hěn cháng) very-long (shíjiān) time (tā) he (zhōngyú) finally (lái le) came-PERF
45.12a 时间 time 能 can 解决 solve 很多 many 问题 problems
45.12b (shíjiān) time (néng) can (jiějué) solve (hěn duō) many (wèntí) problems
45.13a 我 I 没有 not-have 时间 time 去 go 想 think 太多 too-much
45.13b (wǒ) I (méiyǒu) not-have (shíjiān) time (qù) go (xiǎng) think (tài duō) too-much
45.14a 珍惜 cherish 时间 time ， , 从 from 现在 now 开始 start
45.14b (zhēnxī) cherish (shíjiān) time (cóng) from (xiànzài) now (kāishǐ) start
45.15a 有些 some 人 people ， , 时间 time 越长 the-longer ， , 越 the-more 重要 important
45.15b (yǒuxiē) some (rén) people (shíjiān) time (yuè cháng) the-longer (yuè) the-more (zhòngyào) important
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45.1 我没有时间。 "I don't have time."
45.2 时间过得很快。 "Time passes very quickly."
45.3 请给我一点时间。 "Please give me a little time."
45.4 这件事需要时间来证明。 "This matter needs time to prove."
45.5 他花了很多时间准备这次演讲。 "He spent a great deal of time preparing this speech."
45.6 时间不等人。 "Time waits for no one."
45.7 年轻时候，不觉得时间宝贵。 "When young, one doesn't feel that time is precious."
45.8 浪费时间，就是浪费生命。 "To waste time is to waste life."
45.9 我们在一起的时间太短了。 "The time we have together is too short."
45.10 时间是最公平的，每个人都有同样的二十四小时。 "Time is the most fair — every person has the same twenty-four hours."
45.11 等了很长时间，他终于来了。 "After waiting a long time, he finally came."
45.12 时间能解决很多问题。 "Time can solve many problems."
45.13 我没有时间去想太多。 "I don't have time to think too much."
45.14 珍惜时间，从现在开始。 "Cherish time — starting from now."
45.15 有些人，时间越长，越重要。 "Some people — the longer time passes, the more important they become."
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45.1 我没有时间。 45.2 时间过得很快。 45.3 请给我一点时间。 45.4 这件事需要时间来证明。 45.5 他花了很多时间准备这次演讲。 45.6 时间不等人。 45.7 年轻时候，不觉得时间宝贵。 45.8 浪费时间，就是浪费生命。 45.9 我们在一起的时间太短了。 45.10 时间是最公平的，每个人都有同样的二十四小时。 45.11 等了很长时间，他终于来了。 45.12 时间能解决很多问题。 45.13 我没有时间去想太多。 45.14 珍惜时间，从现在开始。 45.15 有些人，时间越长，越重要。
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These are the grammar rules for 时间 (shíjiān) — "time":
时间 vs 时候 — the essential distinction:
时间 (shíjiān): time as a countable/measurable resource. Used with: 有/没有 (have/not have), 花 (spend), 浪费 (waste), 需要 (need), 够 (enough), 长/短 (long/short). - 我没有时间 (I don't have time — resource) - 花了很多时间 (spent a lot of time — quantity) - 时间太短了 (the time is too short — duration)
时候 (shíhou): time as a specific moment or period. Used with: 的时候 (when, at the time of), 小时候 (childhood), 什么时候 (when — Lesson 43), 那时候 (at that time). - 小时候 (when [I was] young — period) - 吃饭的时候 (when eating — moment) - 那时候 (at that time — referring to a period)
花时间 (huā shíjiān) — "spend time":
花 (spend — used for time and money): 花时间 (spend time), 花钱 (spend money), 花力气 (expend energy). The word 花 (flower/spend) is one of Chinese's most productive verbs for resource expenditure.
时间过得很快 — "time passes quickly":
时间 + 过 (pass) + 得 (complement marker) + 很快 (very fast). The complement 得 links the verb to its manner: passes in what manner? Quickly. Compare: 他走得很快 (He walks quickly), 她说得很清楚 (She speaks very clearly).
越…越… — "the more…the more…":
时间越长，越重要 (The longer the time, the more important). 越 (yuè) + [condition] + 越 + [result]. Both 越 operate together — as the condition increases, the result intensifies. 越来越 (yuèlái yuè) means "more and more over time": 越来越重要 (becoming more and more important).
时间是最公平的 — "time is the most fair":
This is a Chinese aphorism about equality: everyone, regardless of wealth or status, receives the same twenty-four hours. The claim uses 最公平 (most fair) as a superlative attribute: time is the greatest equaliser. The follow-up — 每个人都有同样的二十四小时 — uses 都 (all) and 同样 (the same) to make the universality explicit.
Common Mistakes: - Using 时候 for duration: *我没有时候 — wrong; must be 我没有时间 - Using 时间 for "when" clauses: *吃饭时间 meaning "when eating" — should be 吃饭的时候 - Omitting 了 in duration + change sentences: 时间太短 sounds incomplete without 了 → 时间太短了
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时间不等人 (time waits for no one) is a Chinese proverb that appears in the mouth of grandparents and motivational speakers alike. Its sense of urgency — seize the day, act now — connects to the Confucian emphasis on effort and to the Buddhist awareness of impermanence. Time is not patient; it moves whether or not you are ready.
浪费时间就是浪费生命 (to waste time is to waste life) reflects a deeply ingrained Chinese ethic of productive time use. The two 浪费 (waste) create a parallel equation: time = life. This is not merely motivational rhetoric — the identification of time with life is philosophically grounded. In Buddhist thought, each moment of consciousness is a lifetime; in Confucian thought, a day not spent in self-cultivation is a day subtracted from virtue.
珍惜时间，从现在开始 (cherish time, starting from now) is one of the most common phrases in Chinese school culture — printed on classroom walls, spoken by teachers, written in diaries. It combines 珍惜 (cherish/treasure, from 珍 precious gem) with 时间 to make time into a jewel. The从现在开始 (starting from now) closes the exhortation with immediacy — not someday, but this moment.
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朱自清 (Zhū Zìqīng), 《匆匆》— Hurrying, 1922
The most famous meditation on time in modern Chinese prose. It opens with a question about time's passage and the impossibility of its recovery.
洗手的时候，日子从水盆里过去；吃饭的时候，日子从饭碗里过去；默默时，便从凝然的双眼前过去。
F-A: Interlinear Construed Text
洗手 (xǐ shǒu) wash-hands 的时候 (de shíhou) when ， 日子 (rìzi) days 从 (cóng) from 水盆 (shuǐ pén) water-basin 里 (lǐ) inside 过去 (guòqu) pass ；
吃饭 (chī fàn) eat 的时候 (de shíhou) when ， 日子 (rìzi) days 从 (cóng) from 饭碗 (fàn wǎn) rice-bowl 里 (lǐ) inside 过去 (guòqu) pass ；
默默 (mòmò) silently 时 (shí) when ， 便 (biàn) then 从 (cóng) from 凝然 (níng rán) still 的 (de) DE 双眼前 (shuāng yǎn qián) both-eyes-before 过去 (guòqu) pass 。
F-B: Authentic Text with Translation
洗手的时候，日子从水盆里过去；吃饭的时候，日子从饭碗里过去；默默时，便从凝然的双眼前过去。
"When washing hands, the days pass through the washbasin; when eating, they pass through the rice bowl; when silent, they pass before still eyes."
F-C: Authentic Text Only
洗手的时候，日子从水盆里过去；吃饭的时候，日子从饭碗里过去；默默时，便从凝然的双眼前过去。
F-D: Grammar and Vocabulary Notes
的时候 (de shíhou): "when [doing]" — the standard pattern for simultaneous time clauses: 洗手的时候 (when washing hands). 时候 (not 时间) — this is the moment pattern, not the resource pattern.
日子 (rìzi): "days / daily life" — 日 (day/sun) + 子 (nominalising suffix). 日子 refers to the days of one's life as lived experience — warmer and more personal than 天 (tiān, day as a calendar unit). 时间 passes in the abstract; 日子 pass through your hands and bowl.
从水盆里过去 (cóng shuǐ pén lǐ guòqu): "pass through/away via the washbasin." 从 (from, through) + 水盆里 (inside the basin) + 过去 (pass away/past). The days don't just pass — they pass through concrete objects of daily life. 时间 becomes 日子 becomes the water, the bowl, the eyes.
F-E: Literary Commentary
Zhu Ziqing's 《匆匆》is the literary proof that 时间 and 时候 are different things. 时间 (the resource) passes — 时间过得很快. But 日子 (the days) pass through things: through the washbasin, through the rice bowl, through still eyes. The abstraction of time is redeemed by its passage through objects. Every 的时候 clause — when washing, when eating — marks a time that will not return. 时间 is the lesson word; 时候 is what makes the lesson felt.
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A father reflects on his daughter's childhood, now finished. 时间 appears as both resource and abstraction; 时候 marks the specific moments now lost. The essay moves between what time is (时间) and when time was (时候).
45.16a 女儿 daughter 今年 this-year 十八 eighteen 岁 years-old 了 PERF ， , 我 I 不知道 not-know 时间 time 都 all 去 go 哪 where 了 PERF
45.16b (nǚ'ér) daughter (jīnnián) this-year (shíbā) eighteen (suì) years-old (le) PERF (wǒ) I (bù zhīdào) not-know (shíjiān) time (dōu) all (qù) go (nǎ) where (le) PERF
45.17a 她 she 小时候 childhood ， , 我 I 每天 every-day 都 all 有 have 时间 time 陪 accompany 她 her
45.17b (tā) she (xiǎoshíhou) childhood (wǒ) I (měitiān) every-day (dōu) all (yǒu) have (shíjiān) time (péi) accompany (tā) her
45.18a 那时候 that-time ， , 她 she 觉得 felt 时间 time 很 very 长 long ， , 总 always 嫌 feel 我 me 说 talk 得 DE 太多 too-much
45.18b (nà shíhou) that-time (tā) she (juéde) felt (shíjiān) time (hěn) very (cháng) long (zǒng) always (xián) feel (wǒ) me (shuō) talk (de) DE (tài duō) too-much
45.19a 现在 now ， , 我 I 反而 instead 是 is 那个 the-one 没有时间 not-have-time 的 DE 人 person
45.19b (xiànzài) now (wǒ) I (fǎn ér) instead (shì) is (nàge) the-one (méiyǒu shíjiān) not-have-time (de) DE (rén) person
45.20a 她 she 长大 grew-up 的 DE 时间 time ， , 我 I 花 spent 了 PERF 多少 how-much 在 in 工作 work 上 on ？
45.20b (tā) she (zhǎng dà) grew-up (de) DE (shíjiān) time (wǒ) I (huā) spent (le) PERF (duōshao) how-much (zài) in (gōngzuò) work (shàng) on?
45.21a 我 I 记得 remember 她 she 第一次 first-time 走路 walked 的 DE 时候 time ， , 我 I 正 exactly 在 PROG 出差 business-trip ， , 是 is 妻子 wife 用 using 视频 video 告诉 told 我 me 的 DE
45.21b (wǒ) I (jìdé) remember (tā) she (dì yī cì) first-time (zǒulù) walked (de) DE (shíhou) time (wǒ) I (zhèng) exactly (zài) PROG (chūchāi) business-trip (shì) is (qīzi) wife (yòng) using (shìpín) video (gàosu) told (wǒ) me (de) DE
45.22a 那一刻 that-moment 的 DE 时间 time , , 我 I 没有 not-have 在 at 那里 there
45.22b (nà yī kè) that-moment (de) DE (shíjiān) time (wǒ) I (méiyǒu) not-have (zài) at (nàlǐ) there
45.23a 时间 time 最 most 公平 fair ， , 也 also 最 most 无情 merciless —— —— 它 it 给 give 所有人 everyone 一样 same 的 DE 二十四小时 twenty-four-hours ， , 然后 then 问 ask 你 you 怎么用 how-use
45.23b (shíjiān) time (zuì) most (gōngpíng) fair (yě) also (zuì) most (wúqíng) merciless (tā) it (gěi) give (suǒyǒu rén) everyone (yīyàng) same (de) DE (èrshísì xiǎoshí) twenty-four-hours (ránhòu) then (wèn) ask (nǐ) you (zěnme yòng) how-use
45.24a 女儿 daughter 问 asked 我 me ： : "爸 dad ， , 你 you 后悔 regret 吗 Q ？"**
45.24b (nǚ'ér) daughter (wèn) asked (wǒ) me (bà) dad (nǐ) you (hòuhuǐ) regret (ma) Q?
45.25a 我 I 说 said ： : "后悔 regret 某些 some 时候 time ， , 但 but 不 not 后悔 regret 那段 that-period 时间 time 。"
45.25b (wǒ) I (shuō) said (hòuhuǐ) regret (mǒuxiē) some (shíhou) time [moments] (dàn) but (bù) not (hòuhuǐ) regret (nà duàn) that-period (shíjiān) time
45.26a 她 she 没有 not-have 听懂 understood ， , 但 but 我 I 说的 what-I-said 是 is ：
45.26b (tā) she (méiyǒu) not-have (tīng dǒng) understood (dàn) but (wǒ) I (shuō de) what-I-said (shì) is:
45.27a 某些时候 some-moments ， , 我 I 选错 chose-wrong 了 PERF —— —— 那是 those-are 某些时候 certain-moments 的 DE 错 mistakes
45.27b (mǒuxiē shíhou) some-moments (wǒ) I (xuǎn cuò le) chose-wrong-PERF (nà shì) those-are (mǒuxiē shíhou) certain-moments (de) DE (cuò) mistakes
45.28a 但 but 那段时间 that-period-of-time ， , 我 I 尽力 tried-my-best 了 PERF ， , 那 that 是 is 不后悔 no-regret 的 PART
45.28b (dàn) but (nà duàn shíjiān) that-period-of-time (wǒ) I (jìnlì) tried-my-best (le) PERF (nà) that (shì) is (bù hòuhuǐ) no-regret (de) PART
45.29a 时间 time 都 all 去 went 了 PERF —— —— 去 went 到 to 她 her 身上 body-on
45.29b (shíjiān) time (dōu) all (qù le) went-PERF (qù dào) went-to (tā) her (shēn shàng) body-on
45.30a 这 this 是 is 时间 time 最好的 best-DE 去处 destination
45.30b (zhè) this (shì) is (shíjiān) time (zuì hǎo de) best-DE (qù chù) destination
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45.16 女儿今年十八岁了，我不知道时间都去哪了。 "My daughter is eighteen this year — I don't know where the time went."
45.17 她小时候，我每天都有时间陪她。 "When she was small, I had time to be with her every day."
45.18 那时候，她觉得时间很长，总嫌我说得太多。 "Back then, she felt time was long and always felt I talked too much."
45.19 现在，我反而是那个没有时间的人。 "Now I'm the one who doesn't have time."
45.20 她长大的时间，我花了多少在工作上？ "Of the time while she was growing up, how much did I spend on work?"
45.21 我记得她第一次走路的时候，我正在出差，是妻子用视频告诉我的。 "I remember when she took her first steps — I was away on business, and it was my wife who told me by video."
45.22 那一刻的时间，我没有在那里。 "At that moment, I wasn't there."
45.23 时间最公平，也最无情——它给所有人一样的二十四小时，然后问你怎么用。 "Time is most fair and most merciless — it gives everyone the same twenty-four hours, then asks what you did with them."
45.24 女儿问我："爸，你后悔吗？" "My daughter asked me: 'Dad — do you regret it?'"
45.25 我说："后悔某些时候，但不后悔那段时间。" "I said: 'I regret certain moments — but not that period of time.'"
45.26 她没有听懂，但我说的是: "She didn't understand, but what I meant was:"
45.27 某些时候，我选错了——那是某些时候的错。 "At certain moments I chose wrong — those were mistakes of certain moments."
45.28 但那段时间，我尽力了，那是不后悔的。 "But through that period, I gave my best — that is something I don't regret."
45.29 时间都去了——去到她身上。 "The time all went — it went into her."
45.30 这是时间最好的去处。 "That is time's best destination."
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45.16 女儿今年十八岁了，我不知道时间都去哪了。 45.17 她小时候，我每天都有时间陪她。 45.18 那时候，她觉得时间很长，总嫌我说得太多。 45.19 现在，我反而是那个没有时间的人。 45.20 她长大的时间，我花了多少在工作上？ 45.21 我记得她第一次走路的时候，我正在出差，是妻子用视频告诉我的。 45.22 那一刻的时间，我没有在那里。 45.23 时间最公平，也最无情——它给所有人一样的二十四小时，然后问你怎么用。 45.24 女儿问我："爸，你后悔吗？" 45.25 我说："后悔某些时候，但不后悔那段时间。" 45.26 她没有听懂，但我说的是: 45.27 某些时候，我选错了——那是某些时候的错。 45.28 但那段时间，我尽力了，那是不后悔的。 45.29 时间都去了——去到她身上。 45.30 这是时间最好的去处。
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后悔某些时候，但不后悔那段时间 (45.25): The core 时间/时候 distinction in one sentence. 后悔某些时候 (regret certain moments — 时候, specific occasions) versus 不后悔那段时间 (not regretting that period of time — 时间, the whole stretch). The father regrets particular decisions (时候) but not the overall investment of his time (时间) as a resource.
那段时间 (nà duàn shíjiān): "that period of time" — 段 (duàn) is the measure word for stretches, periods, paragraphs, and relationships: 一段时间 (a period of time), 一段感情 (a relationship), 一段话 (a paragraph). 那段时间 = that span of years.
反而 (fǎn ér): "on the contrary / instead" — marks an outcome opposite to what was expected. 我反而是那个没有时间的人 (I am, on the contrary, the one who has no time) — the ironic reversal: as a child she seemed to have too much time; now the father is the one without it.
时间都去哪了 (shíjiān dōu qù nǎ le): "where has all the time gone?" — 时间 + 都 (all) + 去 (go) + 哪 (where, in-situ) + 了 (change of state). This phrase became widely known in Chinese culture through a popular song (时间都去哪儿了, 2014) performed at the CCTV Spring Festival Gala. The in-situ 哪 makes it a question; 都 makes the disappearance total and universal.
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时间 (shíjiān) — IPA: /ʂɻ̩˧˥.tɕjɛn˥/
时 (shí): second tone — retroflex initial [ʂ] + the special retroflex vowel [ɻ̩] (a buzzing, flat vowel without lip rounding, unique to syllables after zh, ch, sh, r), rising pitch.
间 (jiān): first tone — palatal affricate [tɕ] (unaspirated) + compound vowel [jɛn] (glide [j] + mid-front vowel [ɛ] + alveolar nasal [n]), high level pitch.
时 (shí, 2nd tone) followed by 间 (jiān, 1st tone): no tone sandhi; the rising 2nd tone of 时 naturally precedes the high level 1st tone of 间 without modification.
Minimal pair: 时间 (shíjiān, time) vs 空间 (kōngjiān, space/room) — the structure of Chinese cosmology compressed into two words sharing the same second character.
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