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Lesson 17

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Lesson 17 Marathi (मराठी): A Latinum Institute Modern Language Course

बरोबर (barobar) - With

Introduction

What does "with" mean in Marathi, in "come with me," "she eats with a spoon," "I spoke with him" or "a girl with long hair"?

The everyday Marathi word for "with," in the sense of "together with, in the company of," is बरोबर (barobar). Like साठी in Lesson 14, it is a postposition: it comes after the word it governs and is written joined to it.

- माझ्याबरोबर ये (mājhyābarobar ye), "come with me" - मी आईबरोबर आहे (mī āībarobar āhe), "I'm with Mum" - तो मित्रांबरोबर खेळतो (to mitrāṃbarobar kheḷato), "he plays with his friends"

You have met it already: in Lesson 16, Soham plays मित्रांबरोबर, "with his friends," and Rule 3 listed त्याच्याबरोबर, "together with him."

English has one "with"; Marathi has several. English uses "with" for company, for tools, for manner and for description. Marathi sorts these out:

- company, "together with": बरोबर, or सोबत (sobat), or, in formal writing, सह (saha): आजीबरोबर, "with Grandmother" - a mutual action, "speak with, quarrel with, marry": the ending -शी (-śī): त्याच्याशी बोललो, "I spoke with him" - a tool or means: the ending -ने (-ne): चमच्याने, "with a spoon" - manner: -ने or a verb form in -ऊन: आनंदाने, "with joy"; हसून, "with a smile" - description, "a girl with long hair": the genitive: लांब केसांची मुलगी

बरोबर belongs only to the first of these. "She eats with a spoon" is never चमच्याबरोबर: that would mean she eats in the spoon's company.

बरोबर also means "right." The same word is an adjective and an adverb meaning "correct, exact": बरोबर आहे, "that's right"; बरोबर उत्तर, "the right answer"; बरोबर पाच वाजता, "at five o'clock sharp." In sums it is "equals": दोन अधिक दोन बरोबर चार, "two plus two equals four." Learners hear बरोबर! as "Correct!" in every classroom.

On the origin of the word. बरोबर is borrowed from Persian barābar, "equal, level." Hindi बराबर (barābar) keeps the meaning "equal"; Marathi kept it too (बरोबर चार, "equals four"), and also uses it for "together with."

A note on the script. बरोबर is four letters: ब (ba) + र (ra) + the vowel sign ो (o) on the second र + ब (ba) + र (ra). There are no conjuncts. The final र has no vowel in speech: barobar, not barobara.

Key Takeaways

- बरोबर (barobar), "with, together with," after the oblique and written as one word: माझ्याबरोबर, आईबरोबर, मित्राबरोबर - सोबत (sobat) means the same; सह (saha) is the formal, written "with" - -शी for "with" after verbs of mutual action: बोलणे, भांडणे, लग्न करणे - -ने for a tool or means: चमच्याने, "with a spoon" - बरोबर also means "right, correct, exactly"

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Section A: Interlinear Construed Text

17.1a माझ्याबरोबर with-me ये come

17.1b mājhyābarobar (MAA-jhyaa-ba-ro-bar) I-OBL-with ye (YE) come-IMP.2SG

17.2a मी I आईबरोबर with-Mum आहे am

17.2b mī (MEE) I āībarobar (AA-ee-ba-ro-bar) mother-with āhe (AA-he) be-PRES.1SG

17.3a तो he मित्रांबरोबर with-friends खेळतो plays

17.3b to (TO) he-3SG.M mitrāṃbarobar (MI-traam-ba-ro-bar) friend-OBL.PL-with kheḷato (KHEL-to) play-PRES.3SG.M

17.4a तू you कोणाबरोबर with-whom जाणार going आहेस are

17.4b tū (TOO) you-SG koṇābarobar (KO-naa-ba-ro-bar) who-OBL-with jāṇār (JAA-naar) go-FUT.PTCP āhes (AA-hes) be-PRES.2SG

17.5a चहाबरोबर with-tea बिस्किटे biscuits घ्या take

17.5b cahābarobar (CHA-haa-ba-ro-bar) tea-OBL-with biskiṭe (BIS-ki-te) biscuit-N.PL ghyā (GHYAA) take-IMP.PL.HON

17.6a मी I काल yesterday माझ्या my मैत्रिणीबरोबर with-friend सिनेमाला to-cinema गेले went

17.6b mī (MEE) I kāl (KAAL) yesterday mājhyā (MAA-jhyaa) my-OBL maitriṇībarobar (MAI-tri-nee-ba-ro-bar) friend-F.OBL-with sinemālā (si-NE-maa-laa) cinema-OBL-to gele (GE-le) go-PAST.1SG.F

17.7a आजी grandmother रोज every-day सकाळी in-morning कुत्र्याबरोबर with-dog फिरायला for-walking जाते goes

17.7b ājī (AA-jee) grandmother-F.SG roj (ROJ) daily sakāḷī (sa-KAA-lee) morning-LOC kutryābarobar (KUT-ryaa-ba-ro-bar) dog-OBL-with phirāyalā (phi-RAA-ya-laa) wander-INF-to jāte (JAA-te) go-PRES.3SG.F

17.8a मी I त्याच्याशी with-him फोनवर on-phone बोललो spoke

17.8b mī (MEE) I tyācyāśī (TYAA-chyaa-shee) he-GEN.OBL-with phonavar (PHON-var) phone-on bolalo (BOL-lo) speak-PAST.1SG.M

17.9a ती she चमच्याने with-spoon भात rice खाते eats

17.9b tī (TEE) she-3SG.F camacyāne (CHAM-chyaa-ne) spoon-OBL-INST bhāt (BHAAT) rice-M.SG khāte (KHAA-te) eat-PRES.3SG.F

17.10a बाबा Dad आमच्याबरोबर with-us पुण्याला to-Pune येणार coming आहेत are

17.10b bābā (BAA-baa) father-M.HON āmacyābarobar (AAM-chyaa-ba-ro-bar) we-GEN.OBL-with puṇyālā (PUN-yaa-laa) Pune-OBL-to yeṇār (YE-naar) come-FUT.PTCP āhet (AA-het) be-3PL.HON

17.11a शाळा school सुटल्यावर after-letting-out सोहम Soham ताईबरोबर with-Tai घरी home आला came

17.11b śāḷā (SHAA-laa) school-F.SG suṭalyāvar (SUT-lyaa-var) be-released-PAST.PTCP.OBL-on soham (SO-ham) Soham tāībarobar (TAA-ee-ba-ro-bar) elder-sister-with gharī (GHA-ree) home-LOC ālā (AA-laa) come-PAST.3SG.M

17.12a आम्ही we लहानपणापासून from-childhood एकमेकांसोबत with-each-other वाढलो grew-up

17.12b āmhī (AAM-hee) we lahānapaṇāpāsūn (la-HAAN-pa-naa-paa-soon) childhood-OBL-from ekamekāṃsobat (EK-me-kaan-so-bat) each-other-OBL.PL-with vāḍhalo (VAADH-lo) grow-PAST.1PL

17.13a शेजारच्या next-door काकू aunty नेहमी always हसून smiling आमच्याशी with-us बोलतात speak

17.13b śejāracyā (SHE-jaar-chyaa) neighbouring-F.PL kākū (KAA-koo) aunt-F.HON nehamī (NEH-mee) always hasūn (HA-soon) smile-CONJ.PTCP āmacyāśī (AAM-chyaa-shee) we-GEN.OBL-with bolatāt (BOL-taat) speak-PRES.3PL.HON

17.14a पाहुणे guests आपल्या their-own मुलांसह with-children संध्याकाळी in-evening येतील will-come

17.14b pāhuṇe (PAA-hu-ne) guest-M.PL āpalyā (AAP-lyaa) own-OBL mulāṃsaha (MU-laan-sah) child-OBL.PL-with saṃdhyākāḷī (SAN-dhyaa-kaa-lee) evening-LOC yetīl (YE-teel) come-FUT.3PL

17.15a ज्यांच्याबरोबर with-whom आपण we वेळ time घालवतो spend त्यांच्यासारखेच just-like-them आपण we हळूहळू slowly होत becoming जातो go

17.15b jyāṃcyābarobar (JYAAN-chyaa-ba-ro-bar) who-REL.GEN.OBL.PL-with āpaṇ (AA-pan) we-INCL veḷ (VEL) time ghālavato (GHAAL-va-to) spend-PRES.1PL tyāṃcyāsārakhec (TYAAN-chyaa-saar-khech) they-GEN.OBL-like-M.PL-EMPH āpaṇ (AA-pan) we-INCL haḷūhaḷū (HA-loo-ha-loo) slowly hot (HOT) become-PROG jāto (JAA-to) go-PRES.1PL

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Section B: Natural Sentences

17.1 माझ्याबरोबर ये. — mājhyābarobar ye. — "Come with me."

17.2 मी आईबरोबर आहे. — mī āībarobar āhe. — "I'm with Mum."

17.3 तो मित्रांबरोबर खेळतो. — to mitrāṃbarobar kheḷato. — "He plays with his friends."

17.4 तू कोणाबरोबर जाणार आहेस? — tū koṇābarobar jāṇār āhes? — "Who are you going with?"

17.5 चहाबरोबर बिस्किटे घ्या. — cahābarobar biskiṭe ghyā. — "Have some biscuits with your tea."

17.6 मी काल माझ्या मैत्रिणीबरोबर सिनेमाला गेले. — mī kāl mājhyā maitriṇībarobar sinemālā gele. — "Yesterday I went to the cinema with my friend."

17.7 आजी रोज सकाळी कुत्र्याबरोबर फिरायला जाते. — ājī roj sakāḷī kutryābarobar phirāyalā jāte. — "Every morning Grandmother goes for a walk with the dog."

17.8 मी त्याच्याशी फोनवर बोललो. — mī tyācyāśī phonavar bolalo. — "I spoke with him on the phone."

17.9 ती चमच्याने भात खाते. — tī camacyāne bhāt khāte. — "She eats rice with a spoon."

17.10 बाबा आमच्याबरोबर पुण्याला येणार आहेत. — bābā āmacyābarobar puṇyālā yeṇār āhet. — "Dad is coming to Pune with us."

17.11 शाळा सुटल्यावर सोहम ताईबरोबर घरी आला. — śāḷā suṭalyāvar soham tāībarobar gharī ālā. — "When school let out, Soham came home with Tai."

17.12 आम्ही लहानपणापासून एकमेकांसोबत वाढलो. — āmhī lahānapaṇāpāsūn ekamekāṃsobat vāḍhalo. — "We have grown up together since we were small."

17.13 शेजारच्या काकू नेहमी हसून आमच्याशी बोलतात. — śejāracyā kākū nehamī hasūn āmacyāśī bolatāt. — "The lady next door always talks to us with a smile."

17.14 पाहुणे आपल्या मुलांसह संध्याकाळी येतील. — pāhuṇe āpalyā mulāṃsaha saṃdhyākāḷī yetīl. — "The guests will arrive in the evening with their children."

17.15 ज्यांच्याबरोबर आपण वेळ घालवतो, त्यांच्यासारखेच आपण हळूहळू होत जातो. — jyāṃcyābarobar āpaṇ veḷ ghālavato, tyāṃcyāsārakhec āpaṇ haḷūhaḷū hot jāto. — "Little by little, we become like the people we spend our time with."

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Section C: Target Language Text Only

17.1 माझ्याबरोबर ये.

17.2 मी आईबरोबर आहे.

17.3 तो मित्रांबरोबर खेळतो.

17.4 तू कोणाबरोबर जाणार आहेस?

17.5 चहाबरोबर बिस्किटे घ्या.

17.6 मी काल माझ्या मैत्रिणीबरोबर सिनेमाला गेले.

17.7 आजी रोज सकाळी कुत्र्याबरोबर फिरायला जाते.

17.8 मी त्याच्याशी फोनवर बोललो.

17.9 ती चमच्याने भात खाते.

17.10 बाबा आमच्याबरोबर पुण्याला येणार आहेत.

17.11 शाळा सुटल्यावर सोहम ताईबरोबर घरी आला.

17.12 आम्ही लहानपणापासून एकमेकांसोबत वाढलो.

17.13 शेजारच्या काकू नेहमी हसून आमच्याशी बोलतात.

17.14 पाहुणे आपल्या मुलांसह संध्याकाळी येतील.

17.15 ज्यांच्याबरोबर आपण वेळ घालवतो, त्यांच्यासारखेच आपण हळूहळू होत जातो.

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Section D: Grammar Explanation

These are the grammar rules for "with" in Marathi

Rule 1. बरोबर follows the oblique and is written as one word. A noun takes its oblique form, as before साठी (Lesson 14) and -ला:

- मित्र → मित्राबरोबर (mitrābarobar), "with a friend"; मित्रांबरोबर (mitrāṃbarobar), "with friends" (17.3) - कुत्रा → कुत्र्याबरोबर (kutryābarobar), "with the dog" (17.7) - मैत्रीण → मैत्रिणीबरोबर (maitriṇībarobar), "with a (girl)friend" (17.6) - चहा → चहाबरोबर (cahābarobar), "with tea" (17.5) - आई, ताई, आजी do not change: आईबरोबर, ताईबरोबर (17.2, 17.11) - बाबा, आजोबा take the respectful plural oblique: बाबांबरोबर, आजोबांबरोबर (17.27)

Rule 2. With pronouns, बरोबर joins the -च्या form, like कडे and साठी:

- माझ्याबरोबर (mājhyābarobar), "with me" (17.1) - तुझ्याबरोबर (tujhyābarobar), "with you" (17.26) - त्याच्याबरोबर, तिच्याबरोबर (tyācyābarobar, ticyābarobar), "with him, with her" - आमच्याबरोबर (āmacyābarobar), "with us," not you (17.10) - आपल्याबरोबर (āpalyābarobar), "with us," you included (17.30) - तुमच्याबरोबर (tumacyābarobar), "with you" (plural or polite) - त्यांच्याबरोबर (tyāṃcyābarobar), "with them, with him (respectful)" - कोणाबरोबर (koṇābarobar), "with whom?" (17.4); ज्यांच्याबरोबर (jyāṃcyābarobar), "with whom" in a relative clause (17.15)

Rule 3. सोबत and सह. सोबत (sobat) is used exactly like बरोबर: माझ्यासोबत, एकमेकांसोबत (17.12). Both are correct everyday Marathi. सह (saha), from Sanskrit, is the formal "with" of newspapers, notices and invitations: मुलांसह, "with (their) children" (17.14); कुटुंबासह, "with the family."

Rule 4. -शी: "with" of a mutual action. Verbs where two people do something to each other take -शी, joined to the same oblique or -च्या form:

- बोलणे, "speak with": मी त्याच्याशी बोललो (17.8); आमच्याशी बोलतात (17.13) - मैत्री करणे, "make friends with": त्यांच्याशी मैत्री केली (17.19) - वागणे, "behave towards": सगळ्यांशी नीट वाग (17.29) - भांडणे, "quarrel with": तो भावाशी भांडतो, "he quarrels with his brother" - लग्न करणे, "marry": त्याने तिच्याशी लग्न केले, "he married her"

With खेळणे, "play," both are heard: मित्रांबरोबर खेळतो, मित्रांशी खेळतो.

Rule 5. -ने: "with" a tool or means. The instrument takes -ने on the oblique: चमच्याने, "with a spoon" (17.9); हाताने, "by hand"; पेनाने, "with a pen"; बसने, "by bus." बरोबर here is wrong.

Rule 6. "With" for manner. Marathi uses -ने on a noun, or a verb in -ऊन, "having done": आनंदाने, "with joy"; रागाने, "angrily"; हसून, "with a smile" (17.13).

Rule 7. "To have with you." For what you are carrying, Marathi says जवळ, "near," or कडे: तिकिटे माझ्याजवळ आहेत, "I have the tickets with me" (17.24); तुझ्याकडे पेन आहे का? "have you got a pen?" बरोबर on its own, after the noun, is the adverb "along": छत्री बरोबर घे, "take an umbrella with you"; पिशवी बरोबर घेतलीस का? (17.16).

Rule 8. "With" in a description. "A girl with long hair" uses the genitive: लांब केसांची मुलगी (lāṃb kesāṃcī mulagī), literally "a long-hair's girl."

Rule 9. -ही and -च after बरोबर. "With … too" is बरोबरही: आजीबरोबरही (17.20). "Right with, only with" is बरोबरच: माझ्याबरोबरच चल (17.25).

Rule 10. बरोबर as "right." After a noun in the oblique it is "with"; on its own it is "right, correct, exactly": बरोबर आहे, "that's right"; अगदी बरोबर, "exactly"; बरोबर पाच वाजता, "at five sharp."

Common Mistakes

- बरोबर before the noun. बरोबर आई ✗. It follows: आईबरोबर ✓. - No oblique. मित्रबरोबर ✗, कुत्राबरोबर ✗. Say मित्राबरोबर, कुत्र्याबरोबर ✓. - The wrong pronoun form. मीबरोबर ✗, माझाबरोबर ✗. Say माझ्याबरोबर ✓. - बरोबर for a tool. चमच्याबरोबर खाते ✗. Say चमच्याने खाते ✓. - बरोबर after लग्न करणे. त्याने तिच्याबरोबर लग्न केले is heard, but careful Marathi says त्याने तिच्याशी लग्न केले ✓. - Splitting the word. माझ्या बरोबर ✗ in standard spelling. Write माझ्याबरोबर ✓.

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Section E: Cultural Context

Frequency and Register

बरोबर is one of the commonest words in spoken Marathi, both as "with" and as "right." A speaker who agrees with you says बरोबर! or अगदी बरोबर!; a speaker who wants your agreement ends with बरोबर ना? "right?" सोबत means the same as बरोबर and is common in speech and in the media. सह belongs to writing: news reports say अधिकाऱ्यांसह, "together with officials," and wedding invitations ask guests to come सहकुटुंब सहपरिवार, "with your whole family."

Company and Character

Marathi has an old habit of judging people by the company they keep. संगत (saṃgat) means "company," and the word is behind a family of sayings: a child is warned about वाईट संगत, "bad company." Sentence 17.15 says the same thing in plain modern prose, and the two proverbs in Section F say it with wheat and firewood.

Useful Phrases

- माझ्याबरोबर चल (mājhyābarobar cal), "come along with me" - कोणाबरोबर? (koṇābarobar?), "with whom?" - बरोबर आहे (barobar āhe), "that's right" - बरोबर ना? (barobar nā?), "isn't it? right?" - छत्री बरोबर घे (chatrī barobar ghe), "take an umbrella with you" - मला तुझ्याशी बोलायचे आहे (malā tujhyāśī bolāyace āhe), "I want to talk to you"

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Section F: Literary Citation

For a grammar word the citation comes from the store of Marathi proverbs (म्हणी, mhaṇī). Two of them are built on बरोबर, and both are about the innocent suffering with the guilty.

The first, गव्हाबरोबर किडे रगडले जातात, is recorded in the Marathi phrase dictionary मराठी वाक्संप्रदाय (online in the Transliteral Foundation's dictionaries) as गव्हाबरोबर (सरसे) किडे रगडले जातात: when wheat full of weevils is ground, the weevils are crushed with it. The dictionary applies it to whatever depends on a main thing, and to the accomplices of a principal offender. सरसे is an older word for "along with" that can stand in place of बरोबर.

The second, सुक्याबरोबर ओलेही जळते, is found in the common school collections of Marathi proverbs: when a fire takes hold, the green wood burns with the dry. It is also met as कोरड्याबरोबर ओलेही जळते, and in speech as सुक्याबरोबर ओलंही जळतं.

They are chosen because each one turns on बरोबर: take away the postposition and there is no proverb.

F-A: Interlinear Construed Text

F.1a गव्हाबरोबर with-wheat किडे insects रगडले crushed जातात go

F.1b gavhābarobar (GAV-haa-ba-ro-bar) wheat-OBL-with kiḍe (KI-de) insect-M.PL ragaḍale (RAG-da-le) crush-PAST.PTCP.M.PL jātāt (JAA-taat) go-PRES.3PL.PASS

F.2a सुक्याबरोबर with-the-dry ओलेही the-wet-too जळते burns

F.2b sukyābarobar (SUK-yaa-ba-ro-bar) dry-OBL-with olehī (O-le-hee) wet-N.SG-also jaḷate (JAL-te) burn-PRES.3SG.N

F-B: Natural Text with Translation

गव्हाबरोबर किडे रगडले जातात.

सुक्याबरोबर ओलेही जळते.

gavhābarobar kiḍe ragaḍale jātāt.

sukyābarobar olehī jaḷate.

"Along with the wheat, the weevils are ground." "Along with the dry wood, the green burns too."

— Marathi proverbs. The first as recorded in मराठी वाक्संप्रदाय (Transliteral Foundation); the second from the common school collections of म्हणी. Translation: Latinum Institute, kept close to the Marathi.

F-C: Original Script Only

गव्हाबरोबर किडे रगडले जातात.

सुक्याबरोबर ओलेही जळते.

F-D: Grammar and Literary Commentary

- गव्हाबरोबर (F.1). गहू (gahū), "wheat," has an irregular oblique: गव्हा- (gavhā-). Compare गव्हाचे पीठ, "wheat flour." The rule of Rule 1 holds: oblique + बरोबर, one word. - रगडले जातात (F.1). The Marathi passive: the past participle + जाणे, "go." किडे रगडले जातात, "the insects are crushed," literally "the insects go crushed." The participle agrees with किडे, masculine plural. - सुक्याबरोबर (F.2). सुका, "dry," is an adjective used here as a noun, "the dry (wood)." Like कुत्रा → कुत्र्या-, it takes the oblique सुक्या- before बरोबर. - ओलेही (F.2). ओले, "the wet," neuter, + -ही, "also." The verb जळते agrees with it in the neuter singular. - No word for "wood." Neither proverb names what is burning or who is grinding. Marathi proverbs leave out everything the listener can supply; the bare adjectives सुके and ओले are enough.

F-E: Literary and Contextual Commentary

Both proverbs come from the farm and the kitchen fire, and both say what English says with "guilt by association" or "caught in the crossfire." But they are more sorrowful than the English. The weevil and the green wood have done nothing; they were simply बरोबर, in the wrong company at the wrong moment. Marathi speakers use them when a whole group is punished for one person's fault, or when a quarrel between two families draws in their neighbours. Read beside 17.15, they show the two sides of बरोबर: whom you are with shapes what you become, and also what befalls you.

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Genre Section: Dialogue — "To Grandmother's Village" (आजीच्या गावाला)

Part A: Interlinear Construed Text

17.16a आई Mum सोहम Soham तू you पिशवी bag बरोबर along घेतलीस took का Q

17.16b āī (AA-ee) Mum soham (SO-ham) Soham-VOC tū (TOO) you-SG piśavī (PISH-vee) bag-F.SG barobar (BA-ro-bar) along ghetalīs (GHET-lees) take-PAST.F.SG.2SG kā (KAA) Q-PARTICLE

17.17a सोहम Soham हो yes आणि and माझा my क्रिकेटचा cricket चेंडूसुद्धा ball-also बरोबर along आणला brought आहे is

17.17b soham (SO-ham) Soham ho (HO) yes āṇi (AA-ni) and mājhā (MAA-jhaa) my-M.SG krikeṭacā (KRI-ket-chaa) cricket-GEN.M.SG ceṃḍūsuddhā (CHEN-doo-sud-dhaa) ball-M.SG-also barobar (BA-ro-bar) along āṇalā (AAN-laa) bring-PAST.M.SG āhe (AA-he) be-3SG.AUX

17.18a ताई Tai आजीकडे to-Grandma's चेंडू ball कशाला what-for तिथे there तू you कोणाबरोबर with-whom खेळणार will-play

17.18b tāī (TAA-ee) Tai ājīkaḍe (AA-jee-ka-de) grandmother-at ceṃḍū (CHEN-doo) ball-M.SG kaśālā (ka-SHAA-laa) what-OBL-for tithe (TI-the) there tū (TOO) you-SG koṇābarobar (KO-naa-ba-ro-bar) who-OBL-with kheḷaṇār (KHEL-naar) play-FUT.PTCP

17.19a सोहम Soham गावातल्या in-the-village मुलांबरोबर with-children मागच्या last वर्षी in-year मी I त्यांच्याशी with-them मैत्री friendship केली did

17.19b soham (SO-ham) Soham gāvātalyā (GAA-vaat-lyaa) village-LOC-ADJ.OBL mulāṃbarobar (MU-laam-ba-ro-bar) child-OBL.PL-with māgacyā (MAAG-chyaa) last-OBL varṣī (VAR-shee) year-LOC mī (MEE) I tyāṃcyāśī (TYAAN-chyaa-shee) they-GEN.OBL-with maitrī (MAIT-ree) friendship-F.SG kelī (KE-lee) do-PAST.F.SG

17.20a आई Mum ठीक fine आहे is पण but आजीबरोबरही with-Grandma-too वेळ time घालव spend

17.20b āī (AA-ee) Mum ṭhīk (THEEK) fine āhe (AA-he) is-3SG paṇ (PAN) but ājībarobarahī (AA-jee-ba-ro-bar-hee) grandmother-with-also veḷ (VEL) time ghālav (GHAA-lav) spend-IMP.2SG

17.21a ताई Tai आई Mum डबा tiffin-box कुठे where आहे is मी I तो it माझ्याबरोबर with-me ठेवते keep

17.21b tāī (TAA-ee) Tai āī (AA-ee) mother-VOC ḍabā (DA-baa) tiffin-box-M.SG kuṭhe (KU-the) where āhe (AA-he) is-3SG mī (MEE) I to (TO) it-3SG.M mājhyābarobar (MAA-jhyaa-ba-ro-bar) I-OBL-with ṭhevate (THEV-te) keep-PRES.1SG.F

17.22a आई Mum त्या that पिशवीत in-bag आहे is पोळ्यांबरोबर with-chapatis बटाट्याची of-potato भाजी bhaji आहे is

17.22b āī (AA-ee) Mum tyā (TYAA) that-OBL piśavīt (PISH-veet) bag-LOC āhe (AA-he) is-3SG poḷyāṃbarobar (POL-yaam-ba-ro-bar) chapati-OBL.PL-with baṭāṭyācī (ba-TAAT-yaa-chee) potato-OBL-GEN.F.SG bhājī (BHAA-jee) vegetable-dish-F.SG āhe (AA-he) is-3SG

17.23a सोहम Soham आणि and लोणचे pickle मला to-me भाजीबरोबर with-bhaji लोणचे pickle लागते is-needed

17.23b soham (SO-ham) Soham āṇi (AA-ni) and loṇace (LON-che) pickle-N.SG malā (MA-laa) I-DAT bhājībarobar (BHAA-jee-ba-ro-bar) vegetable-dish-with loṇace (LON-che) pickle-N.SG lāgate (LAAG-te) be-needed-PRES.3SG.N

17.24a आई Mum हो yes रे hey लोणचेही pickle-too आहे is आणि and तिकिटे tickets माझ्याजवळ near-me आहेत are

17.24b āī (AA-ee) Mum ho (HO) yes re (RE) hey-PARTICLE.M loṇacehī (LON-che-hee) pickle-N.SG-also āhe (AA-he) is-3SG āṇi (AA-ni) and tikiṭe (TI-ki-te) ticket-N.PL mājhyājavaḷ (MAA-jhyaa-ja-val) I-OBL-near āhet (AA-het) be-3PL

17.25a ताई Tai गाडी train आली came सोहम Soham माझा my हात hand धर hold आणि and माझ्याबरोबरच right-with-me चल walk

17.25b tāī (TAA-ee) Tai gāḍī (GAA-dee) train-F.SG ālī (AA-lee) come-PAST.3SG.F soham (SO-ham) Soham-VOC mājhā (MAA-jhaa) my-M.SG hāt (HAAT) hand-M.SG dhar (DHAR) hold-IMP.2SG āṇi (AA-ni) and mājhyābarobarac (MAA-jhyaa-ba-ro-barch) I-OBL-with-EMPH cal (CHAL) walk-IMP.2SG

17.26a सोहम Soham ताई Tai मी I आता now दहा ten वर्षांचा years-old आहे am पण but ठीक fine आहे is तुझ्याबरोबर with-you चढतो I-climb-on

17.26b soham (SO-ham) Soham tāī (TAA-ee) elder-sister-VOC mī (MEE) I ātā (AA-taa) now dahā (DA-haa) ten varṣāṃcā (VAR-shaan-chaa) year-OBL.PL-GEN.M.SG āhe (AA-he) be-PRES.1SG paṇ (PAN) but ṭhīk (THEEK) fine āhe (AA-he) is-3SG tujhyābarobar (TU-jhyaa-ba-ro-bar) you-OBL-with caḍhato (CHADH-to) climb-PRES.1SG.M

17.27a ताई Tai आई Mum बघ look त्या that आजोबांबरोबर with-grandfather त्यांचा his नातू grandson आहे is

17.27b tāī (TAA-ee) Tai āī (AA-ee) mother-VOC bagh (BAGH) look-IMP.2SG tyā (TYAA) that-OBL ājobāṃbarobar (AA-jo-baam-ba-ro-bar) grandfather-OBL.HON-with tyāṃcā (TYAAN-chaa) he-HON.GEN.M.SG nātū (NAA-too) grandson-M.SG āhe (AA-he) is-3SG

17.28a सोहम Soham मी I त्याच्याशी with-him बोलू may-speak का Q त्याच्याकडेही he-too-has चेंडू ball आहे is

17.28b soham (SO-ham) Soham mī (MEE) I tyācyāśī (TYAA-chyaa-shee) he-GEN.OBL-with bolū (BO-loo) speak-SUBJ.1SG kā (KAA) Q-PARTICLE tyācyākaḍehī (TYAA-chyaa-ka-de-hee) he-GEN.OBL-at-also ceṃḍū (CHEN-doo) ball-M.SG āhe (AA-he) is-3SG

17.29a आई Mum बोल speak पण but सगळ्यांशी with-everyone नीट properly वाग behave

17.29b āī (AA-ee) Mum bol (BOL) speak-IMP.2SG paṇ (PAN) but sagaḷyāṃśī (SAG-lyaan-shee) all-OBL.PL-with nīṭ (NEET) properly vāg (VAAG) behave-IMP.2SG

17.30a ताई Tai आता now सोहम Soham आपल्याबरोबर with-us नाही not नव्या new मित्राबरोबर with-friend प्रवास journey करणार will-do

17.30b tāī (TAA-ee) Tai ātā (AA-taa) now soham (SO-ham) Soham āpalyābarobar (AAP-lyaa-ba-ro-bar) we-INCL.OBL-with nāhī (NAA-hee) not-NEG navyā (NAV-yaa) new-OBL mitrābarobar (MI-traa-ba-ro-bar) friend-OBL-with pravās (pra-VAAS) journey-M.SG karaṇār (KAR-naar) do-FUT.PTCP

Part B: Natural Sentences

17.16 आई: सोहम, तू पिशवी बरोबर घेतलीस का? — āī: soham, tū piśavī barobar ghetalīs kā? — "Mum: Soham, have you got the bag with you?"

17.17 सोहम: हो, आणि माझा क्रिकेटचा चेंडूसुद्धा बरोबर आणला आहे. — soham: ho, āṇi mājhā krikeṭacā ceṃḍūsuddhā barobar āṇalā āhe. — "Soham: Yes, and I've brought my cricket ball along too."

17.18 ताई: आजीकडे चेंडू कशाला? तिथे तू कोणाबरोबर खेळणार? — tāī: ājīkaḍe ceṃḍū kaśālā? tithe tū koṇābarobar kheḷaṇār? — "Tai: Why take a ball to Grandma's? Who are you going to play with there?"

17.19 सोहम: गावातल्या मुलांबरोबर. मागच्या वर्षी मी त्यांच्याशी मैत्री केली. — soham: gāvātalyā mulāṃbarobar. māgacyā varṣī mī tyāṃcyāśī maitrī kelī. — "Soham: With the kids in the village. Last year I made friends with them."

17.20 आई: ठीक आहे, पण आजीबरोबरही वेळ घालव. — āī: ṭhīk āhe, paṇ ājībarobarahī veḷ ghālav. — "Mum: All right, but spend some time with Grandma too."

17.21 ताई: आई, डबा कुठे आहे? मी तो माझ्याबरोबर ठेवते. — tāī: āī, ḍabā kuṭhe āhe? mī to mājhyābarobar ṭhevate. — "Tai: Mum, where's the tiffin box? I'll keep it with me."

17.22 आई: त्या पिशवीत आहे. पोळ्यांबरोबर बटाट्याची भाजी आहे. — āī: tyā piśavīt āhe. poḷyāṃbarobar baṭāṭyācī bhājī āhe. — "Mum: It's in that bag. There's potato bhaji with the chapatis."

17.23 सोहम: आणि लोणचे? मला भाजीबरोबर लोणचे लागते. — soham: āṇi loṇace? malā bhājībarobar loṇace lāgate. — "Soham: And pickle? I have to have pickle with my bhaji."

17.24 आई: हो रे, लोणचेही आहे. आणि तिकिटे माझ्याजवळ आहेत. — āī: ho re, loṇacehī āhe. āṇi tikiṭe mājhyājavaḷ āhet. — "Mum: Yes, there's pickle too. And I have the tickets with me."

17.25 ताई: गाडी आली! सोहम, माझा हात धर आणि माझ्याबरोबरच चल. — tāī: gāḍī ālī! soham, mājhā hāt dhar āṇi mājhyābarobarac cal. — "Tai: The train's in! Soham, hold my hand and stay right with me."

17.26 सोहम: ताई, मी आता दहा वर्षांचा आहे! पण ठीक आहे, तुझ्याबरोबर चढतो. — soham: tāī, mī ātā dahā varṣāṃcā āhe! paṇ ṭhīk āhe, tujhyābarobar caḍhato. — "Soham: Tai, I'm ten now! But all right, I'll get on with you."

17.27 ताई: आई, बघ, त्या आजोबांबरोबर त्यांचा नातू आहे. — tāī: āī, bagh, tyā ājobāṃbarobar tyāṃcā nātū āhe. — "Tai: Mum, look, that old gentleman has his grandson with him."

17.28 सोहम: मी त्याच्याशी बोलू का? त्याच्याकडेही चेंडू आहे! — soham: mī tyācyāśī bolū kā? tyācyākaḍehī ceṃḍū āhe! — "Soham: Can I talk to him? He's got a ball too!"

17.29 आई: बोल, पण सगळ्यांशी नीट वाग. — āī: bol, paṇ sagaḷyāṃśī nīṭ vāg. — "Mum: Go on, but behave nicely with everyone."

17.30 ताई: आता सोहम आपल्याबरोबर नाही, नव्या मित्राबरोबर प्रवास करणार! — tāī: ātā soham āpalyābarobar nāhī, navyā mitrābarobar pravās karaṇār! — "Tai: So now Soham isn't travelling with us; he's travelling with his new friend!"

Part C: Target Language Only

17.16 आई: सोहम, तू पिशवी बरोबर घेतलीस का?

17.17 सोहम: हो, आणि माझा क्रिकेटचा चेंडूसुद्धा बरोबर आणला आहे.

17.18 ताई: आजीकडे चेंडू कशाला? तिथे तू कोणाबरोबर खेळणार?

17.19 सोहम: गावातल्या मुलांबरोबर. मागच्या वर्षी मी त्यांच्याशी मैत्री केली.

17.20 आई: ठीक आहे, पण आजीबरोबरही वेळ घालव.

17.21 ताई: आई, डबा कुठे आहे? मी तो माझ्याबरोबर ठेवते.

17.22 आई: त्या पिशवीत आहे. पोळ्यांबरोबर बटाट्याची भाजी आहे.

17.23 सोहम: आणि लोणचे? मला भाजीबरोबर लोणचे लागते.

17.24 आई: हो रे, लोणचेही आहे. आणि तिकिटे माझ्याजवळ आहेत.

17.25 ताई: गाडी आली! सोहम, माझा हात धर आणि माझ्याबरोबरच चल.

17.26 सोहम: ताई, मी आता दहा वर्षांचा आहे! पण ठीक आहे, तुझ्याबरोबर चढतो.

17.27 ताई: आई, बघ, त्या आजोबांबरोबर त्यांचा नातू आहे.

17.28 सोहम: मी त्याच्याशी बोलू का? त्याच्याकडेही चेंडू आहे!

17.29 आई: बोल, पण सगळ्यांशी नीट वाग.

17.30 ताई: आता सोहम आपल्याबरोबर नाही, नव्या मित्राबरोबर प्रवास करणार!

Part D: Grammar Notes for Genre Section

- A family on the move. Mum, Tai and Soham, the brother of Lesson 16's letter, are taking the train to Grandmother's village. A journey is all about who goes with whom and what goes with what, so every line has a "with." - बरोबर as an adverb (17.16, 17.17). पिशवी बरोबर घेतलीस का? and चेंडू बरोबर आणला: here बरोबर stands alone, after the object, and means "along, with you" (Rule 7). It is written as a separate word, because it is not attached to the noun. - घेतलीस (17.16). In the transitive past the verb agrees with the thing (पिशवी, feminine) but adds -स for "you": तू पिशवी घेतलीस. Compare तू भावाबद्दल विचारलेस in Lesson 16. - बरोबर and -शी side by side (17.19). Soham plays मुलांबरोबर, "with the kids," but made friends त्यांच्याशी, "with them": मैत्री करणे takes -शी (Rule 4). So do बोलणे (17.28) and वागणे (17.29). - आजीबरोबरही, माझ्याबरोबरच (17.20, 17.25). -ही "too" and -च "just, right" are added after बरोबर (Rule 9). - माझ्याजवळ (17.24). For what you are carrying, Mum says जवळ, "near," not बरोबर (Rule 7). - आपल्याबरोबर (17.30). Tai includes Mum: "with us (you and me)." With आमच्याबरोबर she would be leaving Mum out. - चढतो (17.26). The present for something about to happen: "I'll get on (the train)," as English says "I'm getting on." - कशाला (17.18). "What for?" with a note of mild objection: "why on earth?" - The food. A डबा is the steel lunch box every Marathi family packs for a journey; पोळी is the thin wheat chapati of Maharashtra, and भाजी any cooked vegetable dish. Pickle, लोणचे, goes with almost everything.

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Pronunciation Guide

बरोबर

- बरोबर [bəɾobəɾ]: BA-ro-bar. The two a's are the short neutral vowel [ə], as in English "about." The o is long and pure. - ब is unaspirated, with no puff of air. र is a quick tap of the tongue, as in Spanish pero, never the English r. - The final र has no vowel after it: barobar, not barobara. Joined to a word in front, the whole is one word with a light stress on its first syllable: MAA-jhyaa-ba-ro-bar.

The Other "With" Words

- सोबत [sobət̪]: SO-bat. The final त is dental, with the tongue against the back of the teeth. - सह [səɦ]: SAH. The h is voiced, a breathy sound; the final a is not pronounced. - -शी [ʃiː]: shee, as in त्याच्याशी, TYAA-chyaa-shee. - -ने [ne]: ne, as in चमच्याने, CHAM-chyaa-ne.

Other Sounds in This Lesson

- व्ह in गव्हा. A breathy v [ʋʱ]: GAV-haa, with the h breathed into the v. - ढ in चढतो, वाढलो. The aspirated retroflex d, tongue curled back, with a puff of air: CHADH-to, VAADH-lo. - ळ in सकाळी, जळते, सगळ्यांशी. The retroflex l, tongue curled back: sa-KAA-lee, JAL-te. - चें in चेंडू. A nasal e, then the retroflex ड: CHEN-doo [t͡ʃẽɖuː]. Before e, च is "ch." - ण in लोणचे, खेळणार. The retroflex n: LON-che. - बरोबर! as "Right!" Said alone with a firm fall on the first syllable, it means "Exactly!"; with a rise on the last, बरोबर? asks "Is that right?"

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