← Sinau Basa Inggris Bareng-Bareng
"For" iku tembung panggandheng (preposition) sing kerep banget dienggo ing basa Inggris. Tegese utama yaiku kanggo, nanging "for" nduweni sawetara gawe liyane sing ing basa Jawa diterjemahake nganggo tembung sing beda-beda:
- Kanggo sapa (sing nampa): "This is for you" = Iki kanggo kowe. - Kanggo apa (ancas, tujuan): "What is this for?" = Iki kanggo apa? - Suwene pira (wektu): "for ten years" = suwene sepuluh taun, utawa cukup sepuluh taun. - Regane pira (rega, ijol-ijolan): "I bought it for fifty thousand" = aku tuku seket ewu. - Amarga apa (sebab): "famous for its batik" = kondhang amarga batike. - Menyang ngendi (arah): "the train for Surabaya" = sepur menyang Surabaya.
Ing basa Jawa, kanggo kuwi tembung ngoko. Ing krama dadi kangge, lan ing krama inggil dadi kagem (kanggo wong sing diajeni: "Punika kagem Bapak"). Basa Inggris ora nduweni tingkat basa: "for" padha wae marang kanca, marang guru lan marang simbah.
Ana uga kriya Inggris sing kudu digandheng karo "for", nanging ing basa Jawa ora nganggo tembung panggandheng apa-apa: wait for = ngenteni, look for = golek, pay for = mbayar, ask for = njaluk. "Aku ngenteni kowe" dadi "I'm waiting for you", ora "I'm waiting you".
Kosok baline, basa Jawa kerep nyimpen tegese "kanggo wong liya" ing jero kriyane, nganggo panambang -ake / -ke: nukokake (tuku kanggo wong liya), nulisake (nulis kanggo wong liya). Basa Inggris ora nduweni panambang kaya ngono: kudu nganggo "for". "Bapak nukokake aku sepatu" = Father bought shoes for me.
Asal tembung: saka basa Inggris Kuna for, sing sekulawarga karo tembung Jerman für lan Walanda voor.
Apa tegese "for" ing basa Jawa? Gumantung gawene: kanggo, kangge, kagem (sing nampa, ancas); suwene (wektu); amarga (sebab); menyang (arah); utawa ora diterjemahake babar pisan (wait for, look for, pay for).
Poin-poin penting:
- "For" sing paling dhasar = kanggo: "a gift for Mother" = hadiah kanggo Ibu. - "For" + wektu = suwene: "for two years". Aja dicampur karo "since" (wiwit): "for two years" nanging "since 2024". - "For" + rega: "I bought it for fifty thousand rupiah", ora "with fifty thousand". - Wait for, look for, pay for, ask for: "for" kudu ana, sanajan ing basa Jawa ora ana. - Sawise "for", kriya nganggo -ing: "Thank you for helping me", ora "for help me".
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for — bentuk kuwat /fɔː/ (Inggris Britania), /fɔːr/ (Amerika); bentuk ringkih /fə/ (Britania), /fər/ (Amerika).
Swara /f/. Tembung-tembung Jawa asli ora nduweni swara f, mula wong Jawa kadhang ngucapake f dadi p. "For" /fɔː/ ≠ "pour" /pɔː/ (ngesokake). Untu ndhuwur ditempelake alon ing lambe ngisor, banjur hawa diunekake liwat celah kuwi. Aja nganti lambe nutup kaya ing p.
Vokal /ɔː/ meh padha karo swara a ing tembung Jawa "lara" [lɔrɔ], nanging luwih dawa. Ing Inggris Britania r ing pungkasan ora diucapake; ing Amerika diucapake.
Kapan nganggo bentuk kuwat lan kapan bentuk ringkih?
- Ing tengah ukara, biasane ringkih: "This is for you" /ðɪs ɪz fə juː/. - Ing pungkasan ukara utawa yen ditegesake, kuwat: "What is it FOR?" /wɒt ɪz ɪt fɔː/.
"For" lan "four" (papat) diucapake padha: /fɔː/. Ditulis beda, tegese beda.
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14.1 This iki is [–] for kanggo you kowe
14.2 Wait enteni for [–] me aku!
14.3 What apa is [–] this iki for kanggo?
14.4 A [–] gift hadiah for kanggo Mother Ibu
14.5 I'm aku [–] looking golek for [–] my -ku key kunci
14.6 We awake dhewe waited ngenteni for [–] the [–] bus bis for nganti an [–] hour sejam
14.7 She dheweke has wis lived manggon in ing Jakarta Jakarta for [–] ten sepuluh years taun
14.8 I aku bought tuku this iki shirt klambi for [–] fifty seket thousand ewu rupiah rupiah
14.9 The [–] train sepur for menyang Surabaya Surabaya leaves mangkat at jam nine sanga
14.10 Thank matur you nuwun for [–] helping wis nulungi me aku
14.11 Yogyakarta Yogya is [–] famous kondhang for amarga its -e batik batik
14.12 My -ku mother ibu cooked masak rice sega and lan fish iwak for kanggo the [–] whole kabeh family kulawarga
14.13 I aku have wis been [–] studying sinau English basa Inggris for [–] three telung months sasi
14.14 Is apa it [–] difficult angel for kanggo you kowe to [–] understand ngerteni this iki lesson piwulang?
14.15 My -ku father bapak worked nyambut gawe for ing a [–] sugar gula factory pabrik in ing Klaten Klaten for suwene twenty rong puluh years taun
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14.1 This is for you. Iki kanggo kowe.
14.2 Wait for me! Enteni aku!
14.3 What is this for? Iki kanggo apa?
14.4 A gift for Mother. Hadiah kanggo Ibu.
14.5 I'm looking for my key. Aku lagi golek kunciku.
14.6 We waited for the bus for an hour. Awake dhewe ngenteni bis nganti sejam.
14.7 She has lived in Jakarta for ten years. Dheweke wis sepuluh taun manggon ing Jakarta.
14.8 I bought this shirt for fifty thousand rupiah. Aku tuku klambi iki seket ewu rupiah.
14.9 The train for Surabaya leaves at nine. Sepur menyang Surabaya mangkat jam sanga.
14.10 Thank you for helping me. Matur nuwun wis nulungi aku.
14.11 Yogyakarta is famous for its batik. Yogya kondhang amarga batike.
14.12 My mother cooked rice and fish for the whole family. Ibuku masak sega lan iwak kanggo kulawarga kabeh.
14.13 I have been studying English for three months. Aku wis telung sasi sinau basa Inggris.
14.14 Is it difficult for you to understand this lesson? Apa angel kanggo kowe ngerteni piwulang iki?
14.15 My father worked for a sugar factory in Klaten for twenty years. Bapakku nyambut gawe ing pabrik gula ing Klaten suwene rong puluh taun.
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14.1 This is for you.
14.2 Wait for me!
14.3 What is this for?
14.4 A gift for Mother.
14.5 I'm looking for my key.
14.6 We waited for the bus for an hour.
14.7 She has lived in Jakarta for ten years.
14.8 I bought this shirt for fifty thousand rupiah.
14.9 The train for Surabaya leaves at nine.
14.10 Thank you for helping me.
14.11 Yogyakarta is famous for its batik.
14.12 My mother cooked rice and fish for the whole family.
14.13 I have been studying English for three months.
14.14 Is it difficult for you to understand this lesson?
14.15 My father worked for a sugar factory in Klaten for twenty years.
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Iki aturan tata basa kanggo "for" ing basa Inggris:
1. "For" + sing nampa = kanggo. "This is for you" (14.1), "A gift for Mother" (14.4), "for the whole family" (14.12). Sawise "for", tembung sesulih nganggo bentuk lesan: for me, for you, for him, for her, for us, for them. Aja "for I" utawa "for he".
2. "For" + ancas (tujuan) = kanggo. "What is this for?" (14.3) = iki kanggo apa? Gatekna: ing pitakon, "for" pindhah menyang PUNGKASAN ukara. Basa Jawa ora bisa kaya ngono, nanging basa Inggris lumrah: "Who is it for?", "What is it for?"
3. "For" + kriya. Yen sawise "for" ana kriya, kriya kuwi kudu nganggo -ing: "Thank you for helping me" (14.10), "This knife is for cutting bread." Yen arep ngomong ancas tumindake wong, basa Inggris nganggo "to", dudu "for": "I went to the market to buy rice" = aku menyang pasar kanggo tuku beras. Kesalahan sing kerep banget: "I went to the market for buy rice."
4. "For" + suwene wektu. "For an hour" (14.6), "for ten years" (14.7), "for three months" (14.13). Basa Jawa kerep ora nganggo tembung apa-apa (wis sepuluh taun manggon), utawa nganggo suwene, nganti. Basa Inggris kudu nganggo "for". Bedane "for" lan "since": - for + dawane wektu: for ten years, for three months, for an hour. - since + wiwitane wektu: since 2016, since Monday, since nine o'clock. "She has lived in Jakarta for ten years" (14.7) = "She has lived in Jakarta since 2016" (yen saiki 2026).
5. "For" + rega. "I bought this shirt for fifty thousand rupiah" (14.8). Tembung kriya buy, sell, pay, get + rega nganggo "for": "He sold his motorbike for five million." Aja "with fifty thousand".
6. "For" + sebab = amarga. "Famous for its batik" (14.11), "Thank you for…" (14.10), "Sorry for…": "Sorry for being late" = nyuwun pangapura, aku telat.
7. "For" + arah = menyang. "The train for Surabaya" (14.9), "She left for Jakarta" = dheweke mangkat menyang Jakarta. Bandingna: "She went TO Jakarta" (wis tekan) lan "She left FOR Jakarta" (lagi mangkat).
8. "It is + kata sifat + for + wong + to + kriya." "Is it difficult for you to understand this lesson?" (14.14). Pola iki kerep banget: "It's easy for me to cook rice", "It's important for children to sleep."
9. Kriya sing kudu nganggo "for". Ing basa Jawa ora ana tembung panggandheng; ing basa Inggris kudu ana: - wait for = ngenteni: "Wait for me!" (14.2) - look for = golek: "I'm looking for my key" (14.5) - pay for = mbayar: "Who paid for the food?" - ask for = njaluk: "She asked for water." "Work for" (14.15) = nyambut gawe ing (perusahaan) utawa melu (wong).
10. Siji ukara, loro "for". Ing 14.6 lan 14.15 ana loro "for" sing tegese beda: "waited for the bus" (wait for = ngenteni) lan "for an hour" (suwene). Takona: "for" iki nuduhake sapa sing nampa, apa ancase, suwene pira, regane pira, utawa sebabe apa?
11. Panambang -ake / -ke ing basa Jawa. "Bapak nukokake aku sepatu" = Father bought shoes for me. "Tulisna alamate" = write the address for me. Tegese "kanggo wong liya" ana ing jero kriya Jawa; ing basa Inggris kudu metu dadi "for + wong". Bisa uga diganti pola tanpa "for": "Father bought me shoes."
Tandha [–] ing teks interlinear nuduhake yen tembung Inggris kuwi ora nduweni tembung pasangan langsung ing basa Jawa: artikel "the" lan "a", kriya "is/are", lan "for" ing wait for, look for, thank you for, sing ing basa Jawa ora diterjemahake.
Kesalahan sing kerep:
- "I'm waiting you." Sing bener: I'm waiting for you. - "I live here since three years." Sing bener: I have lived here for three years. - "Thank you for help me." Sing bener: Thank you for helping me. - "I went to the market for buy rice." Sing bener: I went to the market to buy rice. - "I bought it with fifty thousand." Sing bener: I bought it for fifty thousand. - "Yogyakarta is famous with batik." Sing bener: Yogyakarta is famous for batik. - Ngucapake "for" kaya "por". Latihan swara /f/.
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"For" kalebu rong puluh tembung sing paling kerep dienggo ing basa Inggris; ing daftar tembung kursus iki ana ing urutan nomer 14.
Menehi hadiah. Ing budaya Jawa, nalika menehi oleh-oleh utawa bingkisan, wong kerep ngomong andhap asor: "Mung sethithik." Ing basa Inggris cukup ngomong "This is for you" utawa "I got you something." Wong Inggris lan Amerika biasane mbukak hadiah sanalika ing ngarepe sing menehi lan ngomong "Thank you, it's lovely!" Akeh wong Jawa luwih seneng mbukak hadiah mengko, ora ing ngarepe sing menehi. Loro-lorone sopan ing budayane dhewe-dhewe.
Tingkat basa. Wong Jawa milih antarane kanggo, kangge lan kagem gumantung marang sapa sing nampa: "Iki kanggo kowe" marang kanca, "Punika kagem Bapak" marang wong tuwa utawa guru. Ing basa Inggris ora ana pilihan kaya ngono: "This is for you" padha wae. Sopan santun ditudhuhake nganggo tembung liya: "This is for you, sir", "I hope you like it."
"Thank you for…" Ing basa Inggris, matur nuwun asring disebutake sebabe: "Thank you for the tea", "Thanks for coming", "Thank you for your help." Iki lumrah lan krasa luwih anget tinimbang "thank you" thok.
Ungkapan nganggo "for":
- for example — contone, upamane - for sure — mesthi, temenan - for now — saiki dhisik, sauntara - for good — selawase, ora bali maneh - for free — gratis - What for? — Kanggo apa? - for a while — sedhela, sawetara wektu - once and for all — sepisan iki, rampung
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John F. Kennedy, Pidato Pelantikan (Inaugural Address), Washington, 20 Januari 1961. Teks Inggris: The Avalon Project, Yale Law School. Terjemahan Jawa: terjemahan pedagogis Latinum Institute.
"And mulane so [–], my -ku fellow kanca-kanca Americans wong Amerika: ask takon not aja what apa your -mu country negara can bisa do tindakake for kanggo you kowe--ask takona what apa you kowe can bisa do tindakake for kanggo your -mu country negara." - John F. Kennedy
"And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you--ask what you can do for your country."
"Mulane, kanca-kancaku wong Amerika: aja takon apa sing bisa ditindakake negaramu kanggo kowe, nanging takona apa sing bisa koktindakake kanggo negaramu." (terjemahan pedagogis Latinum Institute)
John F. Kennedy dilantik dadi presiden Amerika Serikat tanggal 20 Januari 1961. Ing pungkasan pidatone dheweke ngajak rakyate supaya ora mung ngarep-arep pitulungan saka negara, nanging nyumbangake tenagane kanggo negara.
Kekuwatane ukara iki ana ing "for" sing diwalik. Separo kapisan: negara → for you (negara kanggo kowe). Separo kapindho: kowe → for your country (kowe kanggo negara). Tembung-tembunge meh padha, mung urutane diwalik. Gaya iki diarani chiasmus. Tembung "for" sing cilik iki nuduhake arah pambiyantu: saka sapa, kanggo sapa.
- "do for you", "do for your country": "for" + sing nampa = kanggo (deleng Bagian D, poin 1). - "ask not": bentuk kuna lan resmi. Saiki lumrahe "don't ask". - "my fellow Americans" = kanca-kancaku wong Amerika, sedulur-sedulurku sabangsa. "Fellow" = kanca sing padha kahanane: fellow students, fellow citizens. - "can do": "can" + kriya dhasar = bisa nindakake. - Tandha "--" (dash) ing teks iki: ngaso sedhela sadurunge separo kapindho.
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14.16 Bayu: Who sapa is [–] this iki scarf slendhang for kanggo?
14.17 Sari: It's kuwi [–] for kanggo my -ku mother ibu
14.18 Bayu: And lha these iki chocolates coklat? Are [–] they [–] for kanggo your -mu little [–] brother adhi lanang?
14.19 Sari: No ora, those kuwi are [–] for kanggo Grandfather simbah kakung. He simbah loves seneng banget chocolate coklat
14.20 Bayu: I've aku wis [–] been [–] looking golek for [–] the [–] tape selotip for [–] ten sepuluh minutes menit
14.21 Sari: Here iki, use nganggo this iki. It's iki [–] good apik for kanggo parcels paket
14.22 Bayu: How pira much [–] do [–] we [–] pay [–] for [–] postage ongkos kirim to menyang Indonesia Indonesia?
14.23 Sari: I aku paid mbayar forty patang puluh pounds pound for [–] the [–] last wingi kae parcel paket
14.24 Bayu: Forty patang puluh pounds pound! For kanggo a [–] box sakkardus of [–] clothes klambi and lan snacks jajan?
14.25 Sari: Yes iya, but nanging it's iki [–] for kanggo Lebaran Lebaran. My -ku family kulawarga waits ngenteni for [–] it [–] every saben year taun
14.26 Bayu: You're kowe [–] right bener. It's iki [–] not dudu just mung a [–] parcel paket, it's iki [–] a [–] gift bingkisan for kanggo everyone kabeh wong
14.27 Sari: Can bisa you kowe write nulisake the [–] address alamate for [–] me [–]? My -ku hands tangan are [–] full kebak
14.28 Bayu: Of [–] course mesthi. Who sapa is [–] it [–] for kanggo? Your -mu parents wong tuwa in ing Solo Solo?
14.29 Sari: For kanggo all kabeh of [–] them [–]. Write tulisen: "For kanggo the [–] Hartono Hartono family kulawarga, Laweyan Laweyan, Solo Solo"
14.30 Bayu: Done rampung! Let's ayo go mangkat. The [–] post kantor office pos is [–] only mung open bukak for [–] one sejam more maneh hour [–]
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14.16 Bayu: Who is this scarf for? Bayu: Slendhang iki kanggo sapa?
14.17 Sari: It's for my mother. Sari: Kuwi kanggo ibuku.
14.18 Bayu: And these chocolates? Are they for your little brother? Bayu: Lha coklat iki? Kanggo adhi lanangmu?
14.19 Sari: No, those are for Grandfather. He loves chocolate. Sari: Ora, kuwi kanggo simbah kakung. Simbah seneng banget coklat.
14.20 Bayu: I've been looking for the tape for ten minutes. Bayu: Aku wis sepuluh menit golek selotip.
14.21 Sari: Here, use this. It's good for parcels. Sari: Iki, nganggo iki wae. Iki apik kanggo paket.
14.22 Bayu: How much do we pay for postage to Indonesia? Bayu: Ongkos kirim menyang Indonesia pira?
14.23 Sari: I paid forty pounds for the last parcel. Sari: Paket sing wingi kae, aku mbayar patang puluh pound.
14.24 Bayu: Forty pounds! For a box of clothes and snacks? Bayu: Patang puluh pound! Kanggo sakkardus klambi lan jajan?
14.25 Sari: Yes, but it's for Lebaran. My family waits for it every year. Sari: Iya, nanging iki kanggo Lebaran. Kulawargaku ngenteni saben taun.
14.26 Bayu: You're right. It's not just a parcel, it's a gift for everyone. Bayu: Kowe bener. Iki dudu mung paket, iki bingkisan kanggo kabeh wong.
14.27 Sari: Can you write the address for me? My hands are full. Sari: Kowe bisa nulisake alamate? Tanganku kebak.
14.28 Bayu: Of course. Who is it for? Your parents in Solo? Bayu: Mesthi. Kanggo sapa? Wong tuwamu ing Solo?
14.29 Sari: For all of them. Write: "For the Hartono family, Laweyan, Solo." Sari: Kanggo kabeh. Tulisen: "Kanggo kulawarga Hartono, Laweyan, Solo."
14.30 Bayu: Done! Let's go. The post office is only open for one more hour. Bayu: Rampung! Ayo mangkat. Kantor pos mung bukak sejam maneh.
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14.16 Bayu: Who is this scarf for?
14.17 Sari: It's for my mother.
14.18 Bayu: And these chocolates? Are they for your little brother?
14.19 Sari: No, those are for Grandfather. He loves chocolate.
14.20 Bayu: I've been looking for the tape for ten minutes.
14.21 Sari: Here, use this. It's good for parcels.
14.22 Bayu: How much do we pay for postage to Indonesia?
14.23 Sari: I paid forty pounds for the last parcel.
14.24 Bayu: Forty pounds! For a box of clothes and snacks?
14.25 Sari: Yes, but it's for Lebaran. My family waits for it every year.
14.26 Bayu: You're right. It's not just a parcel, it's a gift for everyone.
14.27 Sari: Can you write the address for me? My hands are full.
14.28 Bayu: Of course. Who is it for? Your parents in Solo?
14.29 Sari: For all of them. Write: "For the Hartono family, Laweyan, Solo."
14.30 Bayu: Done! Let's go. The post office is only open for one more hour.
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Sari lan Bayu, mahasiswa Jawa ing Manchester sing wis kita tepungi ing Lesson 13, lagi mbungkus paket kanggo kulawargane Sari ing Solo sadurunge Lebaran. Ing guneman iki meh kabeh gawene "for" katon:
- "For" + sing nampa: "for my mother" (14.17), "for Grandfather" (14.19), "a gift for everyone" (14.26), "For the Hartono family" (14.29). Basa Jawa: kanggo. - "For" ing pungkasan pitakon: "Who is this scarf for?" (14.16), "Who is it for?" (14.28). Basa Jawa: kanggo sapa? Ing basa Inggris saben dina, "for" ditinggal ing pungkasan; "For whom is this scarf?" resmi banget lan arang dienggo. - "For" + ancas: "good for parcels" (14.21), "it's for Lebaran" (14.25). - "For" + suwene wektu: "for ten minutes" (14.20), "for one more hour" (14.30). Ing 14.20 ana loro "for": "looking for" (golek) lan "for ten minutes" (suwene). - "For" + rega lan mbayar: "pay for postage" (14.22), "I paid forty pounds for the last parcel" (14.23). Pola: pay + dhuwit + for + barang. - Kriya + "for": "looking for the tape" (14.20) = golek selotip; "waits for it" (14.25) = ngenteni. Basa Jawa ora nganggo tembung panggandheng. - "Write the address for me" (14.27). Basa Jawa cukup "nulisake alamate": panambang -ake wis ngemot tegese "kanggo aku". Mula ing teks interlinear "for" lan "me" ditandhani [–]. Ing basa Inggris "for me" kudu ana. - "Grandfather" (14.19) lan "Mother" ditulis nganggo huruf gedhe yen dienggo kaya jeneng, tanpa "my". Yen nganggo "my", huruf cilik: "my mother" (14.17).
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- for /fɔː/: f = untu ndhuwur ing lambe ngisor, ora p. Latihan: "for – four – four – fork – forty". - for, four lan fore diucapake padha /fɔː/; ditulis beda. "Four" = papat; "forty" = patang puluh (ora "fourty"). - Ing tengah ukara "for" ringkih /fə/: "Thanks for coming" /θæŋks fə ˈkʌmɪŋ/. Ing pungkasan pitakon kuwat: "Who is it for?" /fɔː/. - "For" ditulis cilik kajaba ing wiwitan ukara, kaya ing 14.24 lan 14.29. - Aja nulis koma sadurunge "for" sing tegese kanggo: "a gift for Mother", ora "a gift, for Mother".
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