← Angleščina: Jezikovna Pustolovščina
5.1 I see Vidim a bird ptiča in v the garden vrtu
5.2 A student Študent reads bere the book knjigo quietly tiho
5.3 There is Tam je a cat mačka sleeping ki spi under pod the tree drevesom
5.4 My sister Moja sestra is je a doctor zdravnica at v the hospital bolnišnici
5.5 We need Potrebujemo a map zemljevid to find da najdemo the museum muzej
5.6 She bought Kupila je a cake torto for za the party zabavo
5.7 Would you like Bi želeli a coffee kavo with z milk mlekom?
5.8 They live in Živijo v a small house majhni hiši near blizu the lake jezera
5.9 He wrote Napisal je a letter pismo to his friend svojemu prijatelju
5.10 Can you see Ali vidiš a star zvezdo in na the sky nebu?
5.11 We found Našli smo a key ključ under pod the mat predpražnikom
5.12 She needs Potrebuje a new computer nov računalnik for za work delo
5.13 There was Bil je a beautiful rainbow čudovit mavrica yesterday včeraj
5.14 I want Želim a glass kozarec of water vode
5.15 He is On je a talented musician nadarjen glasbenik
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5.1 I see a bird in the garden. Vidim ptiča v vrtu.
5.2 A student reads the book quietly. Študent tiho bere knjigo.
5.3 There is a cat sleeping under the tree. Pod drevesom spi mačka.
5.4 My sister is a doctor at the hospital. Moja sestra je zdravnica v bolnišnici.
5.5 We need a map to find the museum. Potrebujemo zemljevid, da najdemo muzej.
5.6 She bought a cake for the party. Kupila je torto za zabavo.
5.7 Would you like a coffee with milk? Bi želeli kavo z mlekom?
5.8 They live in a small house near the lake. Živijo v majhni hiši blizu jezera.
5.9 He wrote a letter to his friend. Napisal je pismo svojemu prijatelju.
5.10 Can you see a star in the sky? Ali vidiš zvezdo na nebu?
5.11 We found a key under the mat. Našli smo ključ pod predpražnikom.
5.12 She needs a new computer for work. Potrebuje nov računalnik za delo.
5.13 There was a beautiful rainbow yesterday. Včeraj je bila čudovita mavrica.
5.14 I want a glass of water. Želim kozarec vode.
5.15 He is a talented musician. On je nadarjen glasbenik.
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5.1 I see a bird in the garden.
5.2 A student reads the book quietly.
5.3 There is a cat sleeping under the tree.
5.4 My sister is a doctor at the hospital.
5.5 We need a map to find the museum.
5.6 She bought a cake for the party.
5.7 Would you like a coffee with milk?
5.8 They live in a small house near the lake.
5.9 He wrote a letter to his friend.
5.10 Can you see a star in the sky?
5.11 We found a key under the mat.
5.12 She needs a new computer for work.
5.13 There was a beautiful rainbow yesterday.
5.14 I want a glass of water.
5.15 He is a talented musician.
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Za slovenske govorce je razumevanje člena "a" posebej pomembno, saj v slovenščini členov nimamo. Nekaj ključnih pravil: -
Osnovna uporaba: -
"A" uporabljamo pred samostalniki v ednini -
Označuje nekaj nedoločenega ali omenjeno prvič -
V slovenščini tega ne izražamo s posebno besedo -
Izgovorjava: -
Pred soglasniki: /ə/ (kot kratek polglasnik) -
Pred samoglasniki: /ən/ (dodamo "n") -
Primer: a book /ə buk/, an apple /ən æpl/ -
Kdaj uporabljamo "a": -
Pri prvem omenjanju: I saw a dog (Videl sem psa) -
Pri poklicih: She is a teacher (Ona je učiteljica) -
Pri opisih: It's a beautiful day (Je lep dan) -
Kdaj NE uporabljamo "a": -
Pred množino: birds (NE: a birds) -
Pred neštevnimi samostalniki: water (NE: a water) -
Pred lastnimi imeni: Ljubljana (NE: a Ljubljana)
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Uporaba člena "a" v angleščini odraža drugačen način razmišljanja o predmetih in konceptih: -
Kulturne razlike: -
Angleško govoreči ljudje avtomatično razlikujejo med določnimi in nedoločnimi predmeti -
Slovenski govorci to razlikovanje izražajo z drugimi jezikovnimi sredstvi -
Razumevanje teh razlik pomaga pri pravilni uporabi člena -
Vsakdanja uporaba: -
V angleščini je uporaba člena obvezna -
V slovenščini enako informacijo pogosto posredujemo s kontekstom -
Primer: "Vidim ptico" proti "I see a bird" -
Praktični nasveti: -
Predstavljajte si, da opisujete nekaj novega -
Če v slovenščini lahko rečete "neki" ali "en", verjetno potrebujete "a" -
Pri poklicih vedno uporabljajte "a": She is a teacher
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"Once upon Nekoč pred a time davnimi časi, there was je bil a garden vrt..." - Frances Hodgson Burnett, The Secret Garden
"Once upon a time, there was a garden..." "Nekoč pred davnimi časi je bil vrt..."
Ta slavni začetek pravljice uporablja člen "a" dvakrat - prvič v ustaljeni frazi "once upon a time" in drugič pri predstavitvi novega elementa "a garden". To je tipičen primer, kako angleščina uporablja nedoločni člen pri uvajanju novih elementov v zgodbo.
-
"a time" je del ustaljene fraze -
"a garden" uvaja nov element v zgodbo -
Oba primera sledita pravilu uporabe "a" pred samostalnikom v ednini -
V slovenščini bi ta struktura bila izražena brez člena
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5.16 The tourist Turist found je našel a charming café očarljivo kavarno in v Venice Benetkah
5.17 We stayed in Ostali smo v a beautiful hotel lepem hotelu overlooking s pogledom na the sea morje
5.18 She took Naredila je a photograph fotografijo of of the sunset sončnega zahoda
5.19 There was Bil je a friendly guide prijazni vodič at pri the museum entrance vhodu v muzej
5.20 He bought Kupil je a ticket vstopnico for za the gondola ride vožnjo z gondolo
5.21 We discovered Odkrili smo a hidden beach skrito plažo near blizu the village vasi
5.22 A local fisherman Lokalni ribič showed je pokazal us nam the way pot
5.23 They found Našli so a cozy restaurant prijetno restavracijo in v the old town starem mestu
5.24 We needed Potrebovali smo a translator prevajalca to understand da bi razumeli the menu jedilnik
5.25 A street artist Ulični umetnik was painting je slikal the cathedral katedralo
5.26 She wrote Napisala je a postcard razglednico to za her family svojo družino
5.27 We met Srečali smo a friendly couple prijeten par from iz Australia Avstralije
5.28 There is Tam je a beautiful view lep razgled from z the tower stolpa
5.29 He carried Nosil je a heavy backpack težak nahrbtnik through po the city mestu
5.30 We found Našli smo a perfect spot popoln prostor for za sunset watching opazovanje sončnega zahoda
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5.16 The tourist found a charming café in Venice. Turist je našel očarljivo kavarno v Benetkah.
5.17 We stayed in a beautiful hotel overlooking the sea. Ostali smo v lepem hotelu s pogledom na morje.
5.18 She took a photograph of the sunset. Naredila je fotografijo sončnega zahoda.
5.19 There was a friendly guide at the museum entrance. Pri vhodu v muzej je bil prijazni vodič.
5.20 He bought a ticket for the gondola ride. Kupil je vstopnico za vožnjo z gondolo.
5.21 We discovered a hidden beach near the village. Odkrili smo skrito plažo blizu vasi.
5.22 A local fisherman showed us the way. Lokalni ribič nam je pokazal pot.
5.23 They found a cozy restaurant in the old town. V starem mestu so našli prijetno restavracijo.
5.24 We needed a translator to understand the menu. Potrebovali smo prevajalca, da bi razumeli jedilnik.
5.25 A street artist was painting the cathedral. Ulični umetnik je slikal katedralo.
5.26 She wrote a postcard to her family. Napisala je razglednico za svojo družino.
5.27 We met a friendly couple from Australia. Srečali smo prijeten par iz Avstralije.
5.28 There is a beautiful view from the tower. S stolpa je lep razgled.
5.29 He carried a heavy backpack through the city. Po mestu je nosil težak nahrbtnik.
5.30 We found a perfect spot for sunset watching. Našli smo popoln prostor za opazovanje sončnega zahoda.
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5.16 The tourist found a charming café in Venice.
5.17 We stayed in a beautiful hotel overlooking the sea.
5.18 She took a photograph of the sunset.
5.19 There was a friendly guide at the museum entrance.
5.20 He bought a ticket for the gondola ride.
5.21 We discovered a hidden beach near the village.
5.22 A local fisherman showed us the way.
5.23 They found a cozy restaurant in the old town.
5.24 We needed a translator to understand the menu.
5.25 A street artist was painting the cathedral.
5.26 She wrote a postcard to her family.
5.27 We met a friendly couple from Australia.
5.28 There is a beautiful view from the tower.
5.29 He carried a heavy backpack through the city.
5.30 We found a perfect spot for sunset watching.
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Za slovenske govorce je pomembno razumeti uporabo člena "a" v potovalnem kontekstu: -
Opisovanje novih odkritij: -
"A charming café" - Prvi opis nečesa, kar smo našli -
"A hidden beach" - Predstavljanje novega kraja -
V slovenščini bi te opise podali brez člena -
Srečevanje z ljudmi: -
"A friendly guide" - Prva omemba osebe -
"A local fisherman" - Predstavitev nove osebe -
"A street artist" - Nekdo, ki ga prej nismo poznali -
Uporaba s pridevniki: -
Člen "a" stoji pred pridevnikom in samostalnikom -
"A beautiful hotel" (NE: beautiful a hotel) -
"A perfect spot" (NE: perfect a spot) -
Posebnosti potovalnega žanra: -
Pogosta uporaba pri opisovanju: -
Nastanitev: "a hotel", "a room" -
Krajev: "a restaurant", "a café" -
Ljudi: "a guide", "a tourist" -
Doživetij: "a view", "a photograph" -
Razlike med slovenščino in angleščino: -
Angleščina: "We found a perfect spot" -
Slovenščina: "Našli smo popoln prostor" -
Angleščina zahteva člen, slovenščina ga ne pozna -
Praktični nasveti: -
Pri pisanju potovalnih dnevnikov v angleščini -
Pri opisovanju novih krajev in doživetij -
Pri pripovedovanju o srečanjih z ljudmi
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