← Uhambo Lwethu Lokufunda ISingisi
29.1 The le book incwadi was yayibhalwe written ibhalwe by ngu my wami father ubaba
29.2 He yena drove wahamba by edlula our wethu house indlu yesterday izolo
29.3 They bona arrived bafika by nge train isitimela from esivela Durban eThekwini
29.4 She yena learns ufunda English isiNgisi by ngokuthi practicing azilolonge daily nsuku zonke
29.5 The le painting umfanekiso was wawenziwe created wenziwe by ngu a u famous dume artist umculi
29.6 We thina must kumele finish siqede the lo work umsebenzi by nga Friday uLwesihlanu
29.7 The le story ndaba was yayixoxwa told yaxoxwa by ngu my wami grandmother ugogo
29.8 They bona travel bahamba to baya work emsebenzini by nge bus bhasi
29.9 The le house indlu was yayakhiwe built yakhiwa by ngo hand isandla
29.10 She yena sits uhlala by eceleni the kwe window iwindi every zonke morning ekuseni
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29.1 The book was written by my father. Incwadi yayibhalwe ngubaba wami.
29.2 He drove by our house yesterday. Wahamba edlula endlini yethu izolo.
29.3 They arrived by train from Durban. Bafika ngesitimela esivela eThekwini.
29.4 She learns English by practicing daily. Ufunda isiNgisi ngokuthi azilolonge nsuku zonke.
29.5 The painting was created by a famous artist. Umfanekiso wawenziwe ngumculi odumile.
29.6 We must finish the work by Friday. Kumele siqede umsebenzi ngaLwesihlanu.
29.7 The story was told by my grandmother. Indaba yayixoxwa ngugogo wami.
29.8 They travel to work by bus. Baya emsebenzini ngebhasi.
29.9 The house was built by hand. Indlu yayakhiwe ngezandla.
29.10 She sits by the window every morning. Uhlala eceleni kwewindi zonke ekuseni.
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29.1 The book was written by my father.
29.2 He drove by our house yesterday.
29.3 They arrived by train from Durban.
29.4 She learns English by practicing daily.
29.5 The painting was created by a famous artist.
29.6 We must finish the work by Friday.
29.7 The story was told by my grandmother.
29.8 They travel to work by bus.
29.9 The house was built by hand.
29.10 She sits by the window every morning.
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Izindlela zokusebenzisa "by" esiNgisini: -
Ukubonisa umuntu owenze into (agent): -
Sisebenzisa "by" ukubonisa umuntu owenze into -
Isibonelo: "written by my father" = "ibhalwe ngubaba wami" -
Kufana nokusebenzisa "ngu-" esiZulwini -
Ukubonisa indlela yokwenza into (means): -
Sisebenzisa "by" ukubonisa indlela esenza ngayo into -
Isibonelo: "travel by bus" = "hamba ngebhasi" -
Kufana nokusebenzisa "nge-" esiZulwini -
Ukubonisa isikhathi (time deadline): -
Sisebenzisa "by" ukubonisa isikhathi sokugcina -
Isibonelo: "by Friday" = "ngaLwesihlanu" -
Kufana nokusebenzisa "nga-" esiZulwini -
Ukubonisa indawo (location): -
Sisebenzisa "by" ukubonisa ukuthi into ihlala eduze kwenye -
Isibonelo: "by the window" = "eceleni kwewindi" -
Kufana nokusebenzisa "eduze" noma "eceleni" esiZulwini
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Ukusetshenziswa kwe-"by" kungahluka phakathi kwesiNgisi nesiZulu: -
Emasikweni esiNgisi: -
Ukubhala umbhali kuncane: "by William Shakespeare" -
Ukukhombisa isithuthi: "by car", "by plane" -
Isikhathi saseNtshonalanga: "by 5 o'clock" -
Umehluko emasikweni: -
EsiZulwini sisebenzisa "ngu-", "nge-", "nga-" -
IsiNgisi sisebenzisa "by" kuzo zonke lezi zimo -
Lokhu kungadala ukudideka kubafundi besiZulu -
Izimo ezijwayelekile: -
"Day by day" = "usuku nosuku" -
"Step by step" = "kancane kancane" -
"One by one" = "ngakunye ngakunye"
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"A u dream phupho becomes liba a i reality mpumelelo by ngo taking kuthatha action" isenzo - Mahatma Gandhi
"A dream becomes a reality by taking action" "Iphupho liba yimpumelelo ngokuthatha isenzo"
Lesi sisho sikaGandhi sikhombisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-"by" ukuchaza indlela yokufeza into. Lapha "by" isetshenziselwa ukuchaza indlela yokushintsha iphupho libe yimpumelelo.
-
"By" lapha lisetshenziswe ukuchaza indlela (means) -
Kufana nokusebenzisa "ngo-" esiZulwini -
Lilandelwa yi-gerund ("taking") -
EsiZulwini liguqulwa njengo "ngoku-"
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29.11 One ngelinye morning ekuseni, as njengoba I mina walked ngihamba by edlula the i river umfula
29.12 I mina stopped ngama by eduze a kwe small ncane shop sitolo run esiqhutshwa by ngu an o old mdala woman wesifazane
29.13 She yena lived wayehlala by eduze herself yedwa in e a ndlini house indlu by eduze the kwo water manzi
29.14 Day usuku by ngo day suku, she yena made wayenza baskets amaqoma by nge hand zandla
29.15 She yena learned wafunda the lo craft buchule by ku watching bukela her wakhe mother umama
29.16 People abantu passed bedlula by eduze and futhi bought bathenga her wakhe beautiful mihle work umsebenzi
29.17 By ngo sunset kushona kwelanga, she yena would wayezo close vala the i shop sitolo
29.18 Walking ehamba home ekhaya by nge moonlight nyanga, she yena seemed wayebukeka happy ejabule
29.19 I mina learned ngafunda by ngoku watching mbukela her yena that ukuthi joy injabulo comes iza from ku simple lula things izinto
29.20 And futhi by ngo sharing kwabelana stories izindaba with no her yena, I mina found ngathola wisdom ukuhlakanipha
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29.11 One morning, as I walked by the river. Ngelinye ekuseni, njengoba ngihamba ngadlula emfuleni.
29.12 I stopped by a small shop run by an old woman. Ngama eduze kwesitolo esincane esiqhutshwa ngowesifazane omdala.
29.13 She lived by herself in a house by the water. Wayehlala yedwa endlini eduze kwamanzi.
29.14 Day by day, she made baskets by hand. Usuku nosuku, wayenza amaqoma ngezandla.
29.15 She learned the craft by watching her mother. Wafunda lobuchule ngokubukela umama wakhe.
29.16 People passed by and bought her beautiful work. Abantu bedlula eduze bathenga umsebenzi wakhe omuhle.
29.17 By sunset, she would close the shop. Ngokushona kwelanga, wayezovala isitolo.
29.18 Walking home by moonlight, she seemed happy. Ehamba ekhaya ngenyanga, wayebukeka ejabule.
29.19 I learned by watching her that joy comes from simple things. Ngafunda ngokumbukela yena ukuthi injabulo iza ezintweni ezilula.
29.20 And by sharing stories with her, I found wisdom. Futhi ngokwabelana izindaba naye, ngathola ukuhlakanipha.
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29.11 One morning, as I walked by the river.
29.12 I stopped by a small shop run by an old woman.
29.13 She lived by herself in a house by the water.
29.14 Day by day, she made baskets by hand.
29.15 She learned the craft by watching her mother.
29.16 People passed by and bought her beautiful work.
29.17 By sunset, she would close the shop.
29.18 Walking home by moonlight, she seemed happy.
29.19 I learned by watching her that joy comes from simple things.
29.20 And by sharing stories with her, I found wisdom.
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Ukusetshenziswa kwe-"by" endabeni emfushane: -
Ukukhombisa indawo endabeni: -
"by the river" (eduze komfula) -
"by the water" (eduze kwamanzi) -
Lokhu kusiza ukuchaza indawo lapho izenzo zenzeka khona -
Ukukhombisa isikhathi endabeni: -
"by sunset" (ngokushona kwelanga) -
"by moonlight" (ngenyanga) -
Kusetshenziselwa ukuchaza isikhathi sezenzo -
Ukukhombisa indlela izinto ezenzeka ngayo: -
"by hand" (ngezandla) -
"by watching" (ngokubukela) -
Kuchaza indlela abalingiswa abenza ngayo izinto -
Izisho ezijwayelekile ze-"by" ezindabeni: -
"day by day" (usuku nosuku) -
"by herself" (yedwa) -
Lezi zisho zisiza ukwakha umoya wendaba -
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-"by" ekubhaleni okuchazayo: -
Kuvame ukusetshenziswa ukuchaza: -
Indawo (spatial relationships) -
Isikhathi (temporal relationships) -
Indlela (manner or method) -
Umuntu owenza into (agency) -
Amasu okubhala ngendlela enonile: -
Ukusebenzisa "by" ukwakha isithombe esicacile -
Ukudlulisa umqondo wendaba ngokucacile -
Ukudibanisa izenzo nabantu/izindawo/izikhathi
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