The English adverb "also" (with its partners "too" and "as well") adds one thing to another: I am coming too, She also speaks English. The house list gives also as an adverb of addition. The Hungarian equivalent chosen here is is (/iʃ/), because it is by far the most frequent way of saying "also, too" in every register, spoken and written. Its neighbours are:
- szintén (/ˈsinteːn/, "likewise, also") is a more formal, free-standing adverb, common in writing and official speech. - sem (/ʃɛm/, "not … either, neither") is the negative partner of is: én is "me too", én sem "me neither".
The first thing to learn about is is that it is spelled like the English verb "is" but has nothing to do with it. Hungarian s is pronounced /ʃ/, so the word sounds like English "ish". It means "also" and never "is". (The Hungarian for "is" is van.)
The second thing to learn is its position. Is is an enclitic: it has no stress of its own and leans on the word before it. It comes directly after the word it adds, and that word carries the stress. Its position therefore decides its meaning. Péter is itt van means "Péter is here too" (as well as others), and Péter itt is van means "Péter is here too" (as well as somewhere else). English shifts the stress to make this distinction; Hungarian moves is. For the same reason is can never begin a sentence.
The third thing is its range. After a verb in a ha clause it means "even": ha esik is "even if it rains". Doubled, is … is means "both … and": kávét is, teát is "both coffee and tea". It also lives inside a family of everyday compounds: mégis ("nevertheless"), máris ("right away"), úgyis ("anyway"), csakis ("only, exclusively"), igenis ("yes indeed").
Orthographic points: is is always written as a separate word after the word it follows, without a comma: én is, holnap is. It is joined to the word only in the fixed compounds listed above. Hungarian marks vowel length with the acute accent (á é í ó ú) and, for the rounded front vowels, with the double acute (ő ű).
FAQ: What does "is" mean in Hungarian?
Is is the Hungarian word for "also, too, as well". It always follows the word it refers to: Én is means "Me too", and Te is jössz? means "Are you coming too?". In a negative sentence its partner is sem: Én sem means "Me neither". After the verb of a ha ("if") clause it means "even": Ha esik is, elmegyünk means "Even if it rains, we'll go". It is pronounced "ish", not like the English verb "is".
Key Takeaways
- Is means "also, too" and is pronounced /iʃ/ ("ish"). - It comes right after the word it adds, and that word is stressed. Moving is changes the meaning, and is never opens a sentence. - Is … is means "both … and"; nemcsak … hanem … is means "not only … but also". - In negative sentences use sem: én sem "me neither", a szomszédunk sem tudta "our neighbour didn't know either". - Ha … is means "even if", and akkor is means "even then". The formal synonym is szintén.
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is /iʃ/ has a short, clear i (as in "fish") and the sound sh. It is never /ɪz/ as in English "is". Because it is unstressed, the stress falls on the word before it: ÉN is, TE is, PÉter is, HOLnap is. Hungarian stress is always on the first syllable of the stressed word.
Sounds in this lesson that English lacks or treats differently:
- s = /ʃ/ ("sh") but sz = /s/: is /iʃ/, sem /ʃɛm/, szintén /ˈsinteːn/, szeret /ˈsɛrɛt/. - a = /ɒ/ (like British "hot"), but á = /aː/ (as in "father"): apám /ˈɒpaːm/. - é = /eː/, a long closed "ay" without a glide: én /eːn/, Péter /ˈpeːtɛr/. - ö = /ø/, ő = /øː/, ü = /y/: nővérem /ˈnøːveːrɛm/, elmegyünk /ˈɛlmɛɟyŋk/. - gy = /ɟ/ and ty = /c/, palatal stops: hegyekbe /ˈhɛɟɛɡbɛ/, kutya /ˈkucɒ/. - cs = /tʃ/ ("ch"): kulcs /kultʃ/, nemcsak /ˈnɛmtʃɒk/. - Double consonants are held long: jössz /jøss/, itt /itt/, Akkor /ˈɒkkor/.
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Examples 54.1–54.15 are pedagogical constructions built from verified forms and patterns (Acceptabile). They are not quotations.
54.1a Én I is also
54.1b Én /eːn/ 1SG is /iʃ/ also
54.2a Te you is also jössz you-come
54.2b Te /tɛ/ 2SG is /iʃ/ also jössz /jøss/ come.2SG.PRES
54.3a Péter Péter is also itt here van is
54.3b Péter /ˈpeːtɛr/ Péter is /iʃ/ also itt /itt/ here van /vɒn/ be.3SG.PRES
54.4a Kávét coffee is also kérek I-ask
54.4b Kávét /ˈkaːveːt/ coffee.ACC is /iʃ/ also kérek /ˈkeːrɛk/ ask.1SG.PRES.INDEF
54.5a Én I sem neither
54.5b Én /eːn/ 1SG sem /ʃɛm/ also.NEG
54.6a Kávét coffee is also teát tea is also kérek I-ask
54.6b Kávét /ˈkaːveːt/ coffee.ACC is /iʃ/ also teát /ˈtɛaːt/ tea.ACC is /iʃ/ also kérek /ˈkeːrɛk/ ask.1SG.PRES.INDEF
54.7a Holnap tomorrow is also dolgozom I-work
54.7b Holnap /ˈholnɒp/ tomorrow is /iʃ/ also dolgozom /ˈdolɡozom/ work.1SG.PRES
54.8a A the nővérem my-sister is also beszél speaks angolul in-English
54.8b A /ɒ/ the nővérem /ˈnøːveːrɛm/ sister.POSS.1SG is /iʃ/ also beszél /ˈbɛseːl/ speak.3SG.PRES angolul /ˈɒŋɡolul/ English.ADV
54.9a Nemcsak not-only olvasok I-read hanem but írok I-write is also
54.9b Nemcsak /ˈnɛmtʃɒk/ not.only olvasok /ˈolvɒʃok/ read.1SG.PRES.INDEF hanem /ˈhɒnɛm/ but írok /ˈiːrok/ write.1SG.PRES.INDEF is /iʃ/ also
54.10a Ha if esik it-rains is even elmegyünk we-go
54.10b Ha /hɒ/ if esik /ˈɛʃik/ fall.3SG.PRES is /iʃ/ even elmegyünk /ˈɛlmɛɟyŋk/ PFX.go.1PL.PRES
54.11a Mi we is also ott there voltunk we-were a the koncerten at-concert
54.11b Mi /mi/ 1PL is /iʃ/ also ott /ott/ there voltunk /ˈvoltuŋk/ be.1PL.PAST a /ɒ/ the koncerten /ˈkontsɛrtɛn/ concert.SUPER
54.12a A the szomszédunk our-neighbour sem neither tudta knew hol where van is a the kulcs key
54.12b A /ɒ/ the szomszédunk /ˈsomseːduŋk/ neighbour.POSS.1PL sem /ʃɛm/ also.NEG tudta /ˈtuttɒ/ know.3SG.PAST.DEF hol /hol/ where van /vɒn/ be.3SG.PRES a /ɒ/ the kulcs /kultʃ/ key
54.13a Akkor then is even szeretni to-love foglak I-will-you ha if elmész you-go-away
54.13b Akkor /ˈɒkkor/ then is /iʃ/ even szeretni /ˈsɛrɛtni/ love.INF foglak /ˈfoɡlɒk/ FUT.AUX.1SG>2SG ha /hɒ/ if elmész /ˈɛlmeːs/ PFX.go.2SG.PRES
54.14a Ezt this a the könyvet book a the tanárunk our-teacher is also ajánlotta recommended
54.14b Ezt /ɛst/ this.ACC a /ɒ/ the könyvet /ˈkøɲvɛt/ book.ACC a /ɒ/ the tanárunk /ˈtɒnaːruŋk/ teacher.POSS.1PL is /iʃ/ also ajánlotta /ˈɒjaːnlottɒ/ recommend.3SG.PAST.DEF
54.15a A the húgom my-younger-sister szintén likewise orvos doctor és and az the apám my-father is also az that volt was
54.15b A /ɒ/ the húgom /ˈhuːɡom/ younger.sister.POSS.1SG szintén /ˈsinteːn/ likewise orvos /ˈorvoʃ/ doctor és /eːʃ/ and az /ɒz/ the apám /ˈɒpaːm/ father.POSS.1SG is /iʃ/ also az /ɒz/ that volt /volt/ be.3SG.PAST
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54.1 Én is. → "Me too."
54.2 Te is jössz? → "Are you coming too?"
54.3 Péter is itt van. → "Péter is here too."
54.4 Kávét is kérek. → "I'd like some coffee too."
54.5 Én sem. → "Me neither."
54.6 Kávét is, teát is kérek. → "I'd like both coffee and tea."
54.7 Holnap is dolgozom. → "I'm working tomorrow too."
54.8 A nővérem is beszél angolul. → "My sister speaks English too."
54.9 Nemcsak olvasok, hanem írok is. → "I don't only read, I also write."
54.10 Ha esik is, elmegyünk. → "Even if it rains, we'll go."
54.11 Mi is ott voltunk a koncerten. → "We were at the concert too."
54.12 A szomszédunk sem tudta, hol van a kulcs. → "Our neighbour didn't know where the key was either."
54.13 Akkor is szeretni foglak, ha elmész. → "I will love you even if you go away."
54.14 Ezt a könyvet a tanárunk is ajánlotta. → "Our teacher recommended this book too."
54.15 A húgom szintén orvos, és az apám is az volt. → "My younger sister is also a doctor, and my father was one too."
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54.1 Én is.
54.2 Te is jössz?
54.3 Péter is itt van.
54.4 Kávét is kérek.
54.5 Én sem.
54.6 Kávét is, teát is kérek.
54.7 Holnap is dolgozom.
54.8 A nővérem is beszél angolul.
54.9 Nemcsak olvasok, hanem írok is.
54.10 Ha esik is, elmegyünk.
54.11 Mi is ott voltunk a koncerten.
54.12 A szomszédunk sem tudta, hol van a kulcs.
54.13 Akkor is szeretni foglak, ha elmész.
54.14 Ezt a könyvet a tanárunk is ajánlotta.
54.15 A húgom szintén orvos, és az apám is az volt.
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These are the grammar rules for is in Hungarian:
1. Position: directly after the word it adds. Is is an enclitic particle. It follows the word or phrase it refers to, and that word takes the sentence stress. It does not inflect and never begins a sentence.
- Én is (54.1): "I too", meaning someone else as well as me. - Holnap is dolgozom (54.7): "tomorrow too", meaning another day as well as today. - Kávét is kérek (54.4): "coffee too", meaning something else as well as coffee. - A tanárunk is ajánlotta (54.14): "our teacher too", meaning someone else as well as our teacher.
Because the position carries the meaning, the same words can be arranged to say different things. Péter is itt van means "Péter is here too (as well as others)". Péter itt is van means "Péter is here too (as well as elsewhere)".
2. Is … is: "both … and". Doubling is after each of two items joins them: Kávét is, teát is kérek (54.6). A comma separates the two members.
3. Nemcsak … hanem … is: "not only … but also". The first member takes nemcsak (written as one word in this construction), the second is introduced by hanem and closed by is: Nemcsak olvasok, hanem írok is (54.9). A comma always precedes hanem.
4. The negative partner: sem. In a negative sentence "also" becomes sem ("not … either"), in the same position after the word it refers to.
- Én sem (54.5) means "me neither". - If sem stands before the verb, it replaces nem: A szomszédunk sem tudta (54.12), not nem tudta. - If sem follows the verb, nem is kept before the verb: Nem tudta a szomszédunk sem has the same meaning. - Hungarian has negative concord, so negative pronouns take sem or nem with the verb: senki sem volt fáradt "nobody was tired" (54.26). - Sem … sem means "neither … nor", with nem before the verb: Sem kávét, sem teát nem kérek "I want neither coffee nor tea".
5. Concessive is: "even". In a ha clause, is after the verb means "even if": Ha esik is, elmegyünk (54.10). In the main clause, akkor is means "even then, even so", and announces a following ha clause: Akkor is szeretni foglak, ha elmész (54.13).
6. Szintén: the formal synonym. Szintén means "likewise, also". It is a full adverb with its own stress, usually placed before the predicate: A húgom szintén orvos (54.15). It is more formal than is and cannot replace it in is … is, nemcsak … hanem … is, or concessive ha … is.
7. Agreement and conjugation. Is does not affect the verb. The verb agrees with its subject as usual (mi is … voltunk, 54.11), and the definite conjugation follows a definite object as usual: Ezt a könyvet … ajánlotta (54.14). Foglak in 54.13 is the special -lak/-lek ending used when an "I" subject acts on a "you" object (fog + -lak).
Common Mistakes
- Is at the start. Wrong: Is én jövök. Right: Én is jövök. - Is in the wrong place. Kávét is kérek (coffee too) is not the same as Én is kávét kérek (I too want coffee). Put is after the word you mean. - Is in a negative sentence. Wrong: Én is nem tudom. Right: Én sem tudom. - Nem and sem together before the verb. Wrong: A szomszédunk sem nem tudta. Right: A szomszédunk sem tudta. - Pronouncing it like English. Is is /iʃ/ ("ish"), never /ɪz/. - Confusing it with "is". The Hungarian for English "is" is van, or nothing at all: Péter orvos "Péter is a doctor".
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Frequency and register. Is is one of the commonest words in Hungarian and belongs to every register, from children's speech to legal prose. Szintén is its formal counterpart, frequent in news reports, official letters and announcements. A speaker who uses szintén in a café sounds a little stiff, and one who uses is in a report sounds perfectly normal.
Everyday phrases.
- Én is! "Me too!" and Én sem! "Me neither!" are the shortest replies in Hungarian conversation. - Neked is! "You too!" answers a good wish: Jó étvágyat! – Neked is! ("Enjoy your meal! – You too!"). - Hogy is hívják? "What's his name again?" uses is after a question word to mean "again", for something the speaker is trying to remember. - Mégis "nevertheless", úgyis "anyway", máris "right away" and igenis "yes indeed, of course" are fixed compounds that contain is.
In poetry. Is carries a great deal of weight in Hungarian verse. Placed after a word, it gives that word stress and lets a whole line turn on a single syllable. Petőfi's line in Section F ends a love poem on a twofold is.
Regional variety. The forms taught here are standard Hungarian and are understood throughout the Hungarian-speaking lands.
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Sándor Petőfi, "Szeptember végén" ("At the End of September"), Koltó, September 1847. The last two lines.
Petőfi wrote the poem on his honeymoon with Júlia Szendrey. In the final stanza he imagines his young wife a widow who will one day cast off her mourning veil. The dead poet will rise from the grave to fetch it and carry it down with him, to wipe away his tears and to bind the wounds of his heart.
F-A: Interlinear Construed Text
F.1a S and e this szív heart sebeit its-wounds bekötözni to-bind-up ki who téged you
F.1b S /ʃ/ and e /ɛ/ this szív /siːv/ heart sebeit /ˈʃɛbɛit/ wound.POSS.3SG.PL.ACC bekötözni /ˈbɛkøtøzni/ PFX.bandage.INF ki /ki/ who.REL téged /ˈteːɡɛd/ 2SG.ACC
F.2a Még still akkor then is even ott there is even örökre for-ever szeret loves
F.2b Még /meːɡ/ still akkor /ˈɒkkor/ then is /iʃ/ even ott /ott/ there is /iʃ/ even örökre /ˈørøkrɛ/ eternity.SUBL szeret /ˈsɛrɛt/ love.3SG.PRES.INDEF
F-B: Original → Translation
S e szív sebeit bekötözni, ki téged Még akkor is, ott is, örökre szeret!
"and to bind up the wounds of this heart, which loves you even then, even there, for ever!"
F-C: Original Only
S e szív sebeit bekötözni, ki téged Még akkor is, ott is, örökre szeret!
F-D: Grammar and Literary Commentary
- akkor is, ott is: the concessive is of Section D, rule 5, used twice. Akkor is is "even then", when she has forgotten him. Ott is is "even there", in the grave. Még ("still") strengthens the first. Each is stresses the word before it, so the line moves through three stresses (akkor, ott, örökre) to the verb. - s is the short form of és "and", common in verse and older prose. - e is the literary demonstrative "this", used before a noun without an article; modern speech says ez a szív. - sebeit is seb "wound" + -e (his/its) + -i- (plural of the possessed) + -t (accusative): "its wounds". - ki is the relative pronoun for persons. Petőfi uses it for the heart, which here stands for the poet himself. - téged … szeret: with a second-person object, a third-person verb takes the indefinite conjugation, so szeret, not szereti.
The poem moves from a late-summer garden to the snow on the mountain tops and then to the grave. Its last word is a present tense, szeret. The love is not past or future but goes on, "even then, even there". Petőfi died in battle less than two years later, at the age of twenty-six.
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A short narrative about a family outing to the hills. It is a pedagogical text built from verified patterns, with is and sem in every sentence.
Part A: Interlinear Construed Text
54.16a Szombaton on-Saturday Péter Péter is also velünk with-us jött came a the hegyekbe into-mountains
54.16b Szombaton /ˈsombɒton/ Saturday.SUPER Péter /ˈpeːtɛr/ Péter is /iʃ/ also velünk /ˈvɛlyŋk/ with.1PL jött /jøtt/ come.3SG.PAST a /ɒ/ the hegyekbe /ˈhɛɟɛɡbɛ/ mountain.PL.ILL
54.17a A the kutya dog is also jött came mert because nagyon very szeret likes sétálni to-walk
54.17b A /ɒ/ the kutya /ˈkucɒ/ dog is /iʃ/ also jött /jøtt/ come.3SG.PAST mert /mɛrt/ because nagyon /ˈnɒɟon/ very szeret /ˈsɛrɛt/ like.3SG.PRES.INDEF sétálni /ˈʃeːtaːlni/ walk.INF
54.18a Anya Mum szendvicset sandwich is also gyümölcsöt fruit is also csomagolt packed
54.18b Anya /ˈɒɲɒ/ mother szendvicset /ˈsɛndvitʃɛt/ sandwich.ACC is /iʃ/ also gyümölcsöt /ˈɟymøltʃøt/ fruit.ACC is /iʃ/ also csomagolt /ˈtʃomɒɡolt/ pack.3SG.PAST.INDEF
54.19a Útközben on-the-way az the eső rain is also eleredt started
54.19b Útközben /ˈuːtkøzbɛn/ on.the.way az /ɒz/ the eső /ˈɛʃøː/ rain is /iʃ/ also eleredt /ˈɛlɛrɛtt/ PFX.start.3SG.PAST
54.20a Ha if esik it-rains is even megyünk we-go tovább further mondta said apa Dad
54.20b Ha /hɒ/ if esik /ˈɛʃik/ fall.3SG.PRES is /iʃ/ even megyünk /ˈmɛɟyŋk/ go.1PL.PRES tovább /ˈtovaːbb/ further mondta /ˈmontɒ/ say.3SG.PAST.DEF apa /ˈɒpɒ/ father
54.21a A the gyerekek children sem neither akartak wanted hazamenni to-go-home
54.21b A /ɒ/ the gyerekek /ˈɟɛrɛkɛk/ child.PL sem /ʃɛm/ also.NEG akartak /ˈɒkɒrtɒk/ want.3PL.PAST.INDEF hazamenni /ˈhɒzɒmɛnni/ home.go.INF
54.22a Fél half óra hour múlva after a the nap sun is also kisütött came-out
54.22b Fél /feːl/ half óra /ˈoːrɒ/ hour múlva /ˈmuːlvɒ/ after a /ɒ/ the nap /nɒp/ sun is /iʃ/ also kisütött /ˈkiʃytøtt/ PFX.shine.3SG.PAST
54.23a A the csúcson on-summit Péter Péter fényképet photograph is also készített made
54.23b A /ɒ/ the csúcson /ˈtʃuːtʃon/ summit.SUPER Péter /ˈpeːtɛr/ Péter fényképet /ˈfeːɲkeːpɛt/ photograph.ACC is /iʃ/ also készített /ˈkeːsiːtɛtt/ make.3SG.PAST.INDEF
54.24a Onnan from-there a the Balatont Balaton is also láttuk we-saw
54.24b Onnan /ˈonnɒn/ from.there a /ɒ/ the Balatont /ˈbɒlɒtont/ Balaton.ACC is /iʃ/ also láttuk /ˈlaːttuk/ see.1PL.PAST.DEF
54.25a Fent up-there ebédeltünk we-had-lunch és and a the kutya dog is also kapott got egy a kis little kolbászt sausage
54.25b Fent /fɛnt/ up.there ebédeltünk /ˈɛbeːdɛltyŋk/ lunch.1PL.PAST és /eːʃ/ and a /ɒ/ the kutya /ˈkucɒ/ dog is /iʃ/ also kapott /ˈkɒpott/ get.3SG.PAST.INDEF egy /ɛɟ/ a kis /kiʃ/ little kolbászt /ˈkolbaːst/ sausage.ACC
54.26a Lefelé downwards már already senki nobody sem neither volt was fáradt tired
54.26b Lefelé /ˈlɛfɛleː/ downwards már /maːr/ already senki /ˈʃɛŋki/ nobody sem /ʃɛm/ also.NEG volt /volt/ be.3SG.PAST fáradt /ˈfaːrɒtt/ tired
54.27a Este in-evening a the nagymamát grandmother is also meglátogattuk we-visited
54.27b Este /ˈɛʃtɛ/ evening a /ɒ/ the nagymamát /ˈnɒɟmɒmaːt/ grandmother.ACC is /iʃ/ also meglátogattuk /ˈmɛɡlaːtoɡɒttuk/ PFX.visit.1PL.PAST.DEF
54.28a Ő she is also szeret likes kirándulni to-go-hiking de but most now nem not jöhetett could-come velünk with-us
54.28b Ő /øː/ 3SG is /iʃ/ also szeret /ˈsɛrɛt/ like.3SG.PRES.INDEF kirándulni /ˈkiraːndulni/ hike.INF de /dɛ/ but most /moʃt/ now nem /nɛm/ not jöhetett /ˈjøhɛtɛtt/ come.POT.3SG.PAST velünk /ˈvɛlyŋk/ with.1PL
54.29a Jövőre next-year én I is also veletek with-you-all megyek I-go ígérte she-promised
54.29b Jövőre /ˈjøvøːrɛ/ next.year én /eːn/ 1SG is /iʃ/ also veletek /ˈvɛlɛtɛk/ with.2PL megyek /ˈmɛɟɛk/ go.1SG.PRES ígérte /ˈiːɡeːrtɛ/ promise.3SG.PAST.DEF
54.30a Mi we is also alig hardly várjuk we-wait a the következő next kirándulást outing
54.30b Mi /mi/ 1PL is /iʃ/ also alig /ˈɒliɡ/ hardly várjuk /ˈvaːrjuk/ wait.1PL.PRES.DEF a /ɒ/ the következő /ˈkøvɛtkɛzøː/ next kirándulást /ˈkiraːndulaːʃt/ outing.ACC
Part B: Natural Sentences
54.16 Szombaton Péter is velünk jött a hegyekbe. → "On Saturday Péter came with us to the hills too."
54.17 A kutya is jött, mert nagyon szeret sétálni. → "The dog came too, because it loves going for walks."
54.18 Anya szendvicset is, gyümölcsöt is csomagolt. → "Mum packed both sandwiches and fruit."
54.19 Útközben az eső is eleredt. → "On the way it started to rain as well."
54.20 – Ha esik is, megyünk tovább – mondta apa. → "'Even if it rains, we keep going,' said Dad."
54.21 A gyerekek sem akartak hazamenni. → "The children didn't want to go home either."
54.22 Fél óra múlva a nap is kisütött. → "Half an hour later the sun came out too."
54.23 A csúcson Péter fényképet is készített. → "At the summit Péter took a photograph as well."
54.24 Onnan a Balatont is láttuk. → "From there we could see Lake Balaton too."
54.25 Fent ebédeltünk, és a kutya is kapott egy kis kolbászt. → "We had lunch up there, and the dog got a little sausage too."
54.26 Lefelé már senki sem volt fáradt. → "On the way down nobody was tired any more."
54.27 Este a nagymamát is meglátogattuk. → "In the evening we visited Grandma as well."
54.28 Ő is szeret kirándulni, de most nem jöhetett velünk. → "She likes hiking too, but this time she couldn't come with us."
54.29 – Jövőre én is veletek megyek – ígérte. → "'Next year I'm coming with you too,' she promised."
54.30 Mi is alig várjuk a következő kirándulást. → "We too can hardly wait for the next outing."
Part C: Target Language Only
54.16 Szombaton Péter is velünk jött a hegyekbe.
54.17 A kutya is jött, mert nagyon szeret sétálni.
54.18 Anya szendvicset is, gyümölcsöt is csomagolt.
54.19 Útközben az eső is eleredt.
54.20 – Ha esik is, megyünk tovább – mondta apa.
54.21 A gyerekek sem akartak hazamenni.
54.22 Fél óra múlva a nap is kisütött.
54.23 A csúcson Péter fényképet is készített.
54.24 Onnan a Balatont is láttuk.
54.25 Fent ebédeltünk, és a kutya is kapott egy kis kolbászt.
54.26 Lefelé már senki sem volt fáradt.
54.27 Este a nagymamát is meglátogattuk.
54.28 Ő is szeret kirándulni, de most nem jöhetett velünk.
54.29 – Jövőre én is veletek megyek – ígérte.
54.30 Mi is alig várjuk a következő kirándulást.
Part D: Grammar Notes for the Genre Section
- What is added. Each is adds the word before it to something already in the story. In 54.16 Péter joins the family, in 54.17 the dog joins Péter, in 54.19 the rain joins the hardships of the walk, and in 54.22 the sun joins the day. In 54.24 Lake Balaton joins the view. Read each sentence aloud with the stress on the word before is. - Subjects, objects, adverbs. Is follows a subject (Péter is, a kutya is, a nap is, ő is, mi is), an object (fényképet is, a Balatont is, a nagymamát is) or a pair of objects (szendvicset is, gyümölcsöt is, 54.18, "both … and"). - Even. In 54.20 ha esik is is concessive: "even if it rains". Compare 54.10. - Sem. 54.21 adds the children to those who did not want to go home, and sem before the verb replaces nem. In 54.26, senki sem is the normal negative concord: "nobody … not". - Dialogue. Hungarian marks direct speech with a dash, and the reporting verb follows a second dash: – Ha esik is, megyünk tovább – mondta apa. - Definite and indefinite. A Balatont is láttuk and a nagymamát is meglátogattuk are definite (a definite object). Fényképet is készített is indefinite (an indefinite object). Is does not change the conjugation. - Potential. Jöhetett (54.28) is jön + -het- ("can, may") + past: "could come".
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Check these in every sentence:
- is /iʃ/: one short i and "sh". It is unstressed and is said together with the word before it: én is [ˈeːniʃ], ott is [ˈottiʃ]. - sem /ʃɛm/ also begins with "sh". szintén /ˈsinteːn/ begins with "s" and has a long é. - akkor is /ˈɒkkor iʃ/: long kk, short a as /ɒ/. - Voicing assimilation: hegyekbe is said /ˈhɛɟɛɡbɛ/ (k → g before b), tudta /ˈtuttɒ/ and mondta /ˈmontɒ/ (d → t before t), eleredt /ˈɛlɛrɛtt/. The spelling does not change. - n before k or g is /ŋ/: elmegyünk /ˈɛlmɛɟyŋk/, voltunk /ˈvoltuŋk/, angolul /ˈɒŋɡolul/. - Is is written as a separate word: én is, holnap is. It is joined only in compounds such as mégis, máris, úgyis, csakis, igenis. - Diacritics used in this lesson: á é í ó ö ő ú ü. Check every one in every form.
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Course Index: [latinum.substack.com/p/index](https://latinum.substack.com/p/index)